MILREVIEW Taliban Organizational Analysis
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Transcript of MILREVIEW Taliban Organizational Analysis
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7/29/2019 MILREVIEW Taliban Organizational Analysis
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58 M-Jun 2008 Military review
Major Shahid Afsar, Pakistan Army;
Major Chris Samples, U.S. Army; and
Major Thomas Wood, U.S. Army
Major Shahid Afsar is a Pakistani army
infantry ofcer attending the Naval
Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA.
MAJ Afsar has served in the Federally
Administered Tribal Areas in support
of Operation Almizan.
Major Chris Samples is a U.S. Army
Special Forces ofcer attending
the Naval Postgraduate School in
Monterey, CA. MAJ Samples has
deployed to Afghanistan three times
in support of Operation Enduring
Freedom.
Major Thomas Wood is a U.S. Army
psychological operations ofcer at-
tending the Naval Postgraduate
School in Monterey, CA. MAJ Wood
has deployed to Iraq in support of
Operation Iraqi Freedom.
_____________
PHOTO: The Taliban ag displays the
Shahadah, the Islamic creed, which is
the Muslim declaration of belief in the
oneness of God and acceptance of
Muhammad as his nal prophet.
If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result
of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every vic-
tory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor
yourself, you will succumb in every battle.Sun Tzu1
One of the most widely recognized images
p p w t c
11 spb 2001. t a-Q ,
tb a, b u v
u . t u u bu bu
tb, v .
t tb u k v, uk
m e, v 9/11. f-
1994 , tb v up-
v v u u v u a.2
suu v pp, tb p b v
a uu b, p v , p
, . t tb k a
pp b v px a
b b, , .
dp quk v 2002 b U.s.
-tb up, tb . i , ,
u nato U.s. p, a n
a (ana), ppu v, v u-
a . i u u
pv v b , v u Pk. c, bv u k
bu bu b .
Historyt tb b p b u v:
a uu.
t 1979 sv v uj u .
t v sv
1989.
The views reected in this
article are the authors
own. They do not reect the
ofcial opinions or policy
of either the U.S. Army or
the Pakistan Army.
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59Military review M-Jun 2008
T H E T A L I B A N
m u .
t tb p p
p - pp.
t v 2002.
t u. 3
t tb p su mu
Pu. h, a
up up
a u u u
up u b. t
v , v,
vp Pu. s ax 326
B.c., v
a, P, s,
Ku, sk, hu, ab, tuk, m,
B, ru, , a
nato .4
f p, Pu v p.
n u p v b b ubu
p.5 t u-b
qu u bb b
u u. t Pu p
v, u
qup -
v u b x .
t p Pu
tbuk: A Pashtun is never at peace,
except when he is at war.6
t Pu p u, v
u.7
t g g 19 u p
p u p p Pu
.8 i v Pu
u p, u
a-a w (1839, 1878,
1919). a uuu p
a, ru B
bu b u.
Bu pv , 1893 bu b B i
a, du l,
a
Pu v b. t B
v uu u b
B-i b b
b , p Pk
f a tb a (fata)
p.9
Pu qu u
qu 20 u, v
b a k u z s
u- u (1973). t u
u cu Pp
d P a v
v 1978. a vv
u , b mujahideen,
pk, bu
bu x, p,
pu u , p-
p .10
t sv U p p a-
db 1979 u
i u
i p mu c
a pub sv U u-
b.
11
t u uj j. i p, sv
bu uu p. i
10 up, sv
a u p k
1.3 a, uu
ub u u, u
5.5 a u p i
Pk. (m u
b b Pk.)12
dp v v ,
sv v b upp u, p Pu
, ub v ,
vu u b uj,
p b sv (
v p).13 i fbu 1989,
sv a. sx
b , sv v u
p u v
. t u pv upp
pu, bu -
v . a v , u -
u v pp ap 1992.
d ujp quk
v v. e
p p. f bk
u, p p. s
b - ppu
v tb
k .14
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60 M-Jun 2008 Military review
t tb
Pu u
p, Pk,
-
v p v
wb i u
u (talib)
p uvv
pp u
p.15 t u
p
p ,
b,
v tb,
p v -
u u u
p.
16
t t-b
Pu pp,
ppu p p.
i nvb 1994, tb
K u a. t
u u Pu
, mu mu o,
k Pp mu
pub l fu(Amir-ul-Momineen).17 t v,
ub p t-b , o
ju a, bu mu.18 i
pv v
b up
Pu uu.19
t tb p p b
1997 95 p u.20 dp
up, up u upp
u a ppu-
bu x v
i . t tb b v, u, ; pb
k u ; u
a -su ppu;
upp su up
Pk. mu o o
b-l, tb a-Q
p u .
o u x B-l 9/11
op eu f (oef),
p p tb a-Q
a. m tb
a , u-
u u.
t -v ppu u xp
-Pu v-
Kbu v u pu.
i Pk fata n w f Pv- (nwfP), Pu p tb
v b Pk u .
du ru up a, Pk-
U.s. u fata u p
p uj, k b
b x. t pu ,
bu p, ux
a u v.
a sv p, uj
( ab) fata bb
b u . du , u,, uu ,
v tb vb. a 9/11
oef, fata b
upp tb
Pk v bu upp oef.
Pk p v 100,000 p
p fata u
p u
tb a. r, tb
An Afghan man passes by a line of abandoned Soviet military vehicles near Asadabad,Afghanistan, 24 December 1989, 10 months after the Russian withdrawal from the country.
aP
Photo,
JoeGl
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T H E T A L I B A N
p Pk j
ub tk--tb Pk-
(Pk tb mv). t pp
Bu mu .21
Culturecuu pbb p
uu a.
w, m h p, -
x . . . t . . .
, b u u
u u -
.22 t tb p v
Pu . a t J,
nv Pu s P-
cuu c su, w
u b tb u-
u Pu , u b k.23
Pu uu p Pashtun-
wali , p i
p Pu.24 a Pu u
[] []
Pu.25 t v
ubj v jirga.26 s
p u
Nang (). a b b
p v pb p
. t Pu u u,
, ,
v .
Badal (v). w k
b v
, v . i
k. t v u
b v k p
u. t tb u b
u v u b bb -kk p.27
Melmastia (p). hp
p u b v u
xp u v. a Pu
u Pu
u , pvu
p b p.28 t tb
u b
v Pu b.
Nanawatay ( k v). t pp
b, Pu k v
. t -
p u b
v k p . n
v b. t tb
p ; x v
p j u
v b.
Hamsaya ( ).
h vu u p
b pv . f
xp, u x
v . t p xp b
quk v . i
xp tb p
quk 1990.29
au v, Pu b u . t p
u u-
v p
. a Christian Science Monitor ,
t u
u u u.
i, Pu
p b b b, ,
.30
Religiont tb up a pp, 99 p mu (80
p su, 19 p s).31 i a
i , b
p-i b b u
Pu.32 t tb v u
uvv p
i.
t v u
u u
sv-a . w su ab up-p, x b
i, s
p.33 i
a r , t tb p
b bu v
i xp .34 t j a
v i,
bu b tb v
.
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Ethnicitya 42 p Pu, 27 p
tjk, 9 p h, 9 p Ubk, 4 p
ak, 3 p tuk, 2 p B,
4 p .35
t v Pu Pk
a, v b
fata nwfP. au bu
, k, -
, k x u
v , v j b
up: du, g, K, sb,
guu. t du g
u.36
Durranis. t du b ,
u a,
pv p Pu
a s du u -
1747. a a s
u a bu
u b. t u p
a, h K, du.
Ghilzais. t g b up
a
b v du. s j tb , u mu
o, g.37 t g p
v bu b k
B.38
Karlanris. t K, b,
up Pu.39 t
b b Pk a
w, Ku, P, K, Pk,
Pkk.40
Sarbanis. au -
p p, jup k up sb. t
up,
P, u b u
m, yuu,
s,
s
t
B.41 t -
p
Pu.
Ghurghushts. t jb up guu.
t u -
B u
b u Kk, m-
k, P, mu K.
s up ub-b,
k gu s,
b u nwfP.42
AFGHANISTAN
PAKISTAN
SARBANI
KARLANRI
GHILZAI
DURRANI
GHURGHUSHT
NOte: adpd fom Johnson nd Mson, Understanding the Taliban and Insurgency in Afghanistan.
Figure 2. Location of major Pashtun tribal groups.
0 mi 125 mi 250 mi 375 mi 500 mi 625 mi
AFGHANISTAN
PAKISTAN
Turkmen
PamiriKyrgyz
Tajiks
Uzbek
Hazara
Nuristani
Pashtuns
Pashtuns
Pashtuns
Balochi
Punjabi
Sindhi
Aimak
Figure 1. Tribal areas, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
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T H E T A L I B A N
Resourcest tb u u,
b . t p u
x u u , u -
, pu .43
Religious allies. a -
, a-Q pu v tb u u ,
tb - ,
pv v , p (-
), (v pv
xpv vied u),
upp. tk--n--
--mu, up fata
nwfP s , tb
p. a upp -
tb c a i
mv Ubk (imU), hb--igubu (hg), e tuk i
mv (etim), ub , ,
b.
s Pu b
v v i x
u . t
u u tb. m a
sq, xp, xp p-
: t p
i v P-
u sv up
a uu. t Pu tb
up [ a]. . . .s
p p -sv j,
qu pu b u u
uj .44
Human terrain. t u u-
u tb u. sp
pu, up u
upp pp. t Pu,
vub b pv b k
u Kbu v, v b
b tb . mv,
Pu up u v-
u b a t-
au b p Pu
v u bu ppb u
tb.45 tu, ppx 28
Pu a Pk bu
u, upp p, , p,
k tb u.46
t pv upb -
p v, tb
uub -up bu
ied b. w
GHURGHUSHT
Gaduns
Panris
Kakars
Luni
Tortarins
Spintarins
SOUTHERN EASTERN
SARBANI
Shinwari
Daudzai
KasiZamand
Khalils
Ghoriah Khakhay
Tarklanris
Muk
Mand
Khweshgis
Ketrans
Kasis
Safi
Kand
Farmuli
Sulaiman
Bannuchis
Daurs(Dawars)
KODAY KAKAY
Orakzai
UtmanKhel
Malikmar
Bangash
Khattak
Mangal
Zadran
Makhbil
Khugiani
Turis
Jaji (Zazi)
Wardaks
Wazir
Amadzai
Mahsud
Gurbuz
Utmanzai
Afridi
Jowakis
Adam Khel
Bakakhel
KabulkhelJanikhel
Amadzai
Nasir
Andar
Alikhel
Hotaki
Jaji
SuleimanKhel
Kharoti
Tokhi
Taraki
Kharufi
Lodis
Niazis
Suris
Nuranis
Lohanis
GHILZAI
BITANI
ZIRAK PANJPAO
Barakzai
Nurzais
Alizais
Ishaqzais
Mohammadzai
Achakzai
Popalzai
Alikozai
Saddozais
WESTERN
DURRANI (ABDALI) GHURGHUSHT
Gaduns
Panris
Kakars
Luni
Tortarins
Spintarins
SOUTHERN
GHURGHUSHT
Gaduns
Panris
Kakars
Luni
Tortarins
Spintarins
Musa Khel
Gaduns
Panris
Kakars
Luni
Tortarins
Spintarins
SOUTHERN EASTERN
SARBANI
Shinwari
Daudzai
KasiZamand
Khalils
Ghoriah Khakhay
Tarklanris
Muk
Mand
Khweshgis
Ketrans
Kasis
Safi
Kand
Farmuli
EASTERN
SARBANI
EASTERN
SARBANI
Shinwari
Daudzai
KasiZamand
Mohmands
Khalils
Ghoriah Khakhay
Tarklanris
Muk
Mand
Umars
Khweshgis
Ketrans
Kasis
Safi
Kand
Farmuli
Sulaiman
Bannuchis
Daurs(Dawars)
KODAY KAKAY
Orakzai
UtmanKhel
Malikmar
Bangash
Khattak
Mangal
Zadran
Makhbil
Khugiani
Turis
Jaji (Zazi)
Wardaks
Wazir
Amadzai
Mahsud
Gurbuz
Utmanzai
Afridi
Jowakis
Adam Khel
Bakakhel
KabulkhelJanikhel
KARLANRI
Sulaiman
Bannuchis
Daurs(Dawars)
KODAY KAKAY
UtmanKhel
Malikmar
Bangash
Malikmar
Bangash
Khattak
Mangal
Zadran
Makhbil
Khugiani
Turis
Jaji (Zazi)
Wardaks
Wazir
Amadzai
Mahsud
Gurbuz
Utmanzai
Afridi
Jowakis
Adam Khel
Bakakhel
KabulkhelJanikhel
KabulkhelJanikhel
Amadzai
Nasir
Andar
Alikhel
Hotaki
Jaji
SuleimanKhel
Kharoti
Tokhi
Taraki
Kharufi
Lodis
Niazis
Suris
Nuranis
Lohanis
GHILZAI
BITANI
Amadzai
Nasir
Andar
Alikhel
Hotaki
Jaji
SuleimanKhel
Kharoti
Tokhi
Taraki
Kharufi
Lodis
Niazis
Suris
Nuranis
Lohanis
GHILZAI
BITANI
ZIRAK PANJPAO
Barakzai
Nurzais
Alizais
Ishaqzais
Mohammadzai
Achakzai
Popalzai
Alikozai
Saddozais
WESTERN
DURRANI (ABDALI)
ZIRAK PANJPAOZIRAK PANJPAO
Barakzai
Nurzais
Alizais
Ishaqzais
Mohammadzai
Achakzai
Popalzai
Alikozai
Saddozais
WESTERN
DURRANI (ABDALI)
Yusufzais
Orakzai
HILL TRIBES
Figure 3. Pashtun tribal groups and sub-tribes.
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- b
, tb u xp
k uvv
v. a bu
uj uu u u
a-sv , ubqu v ,
tb p.
Drug revenue. t tb k u
u , pv vu
b. w pv
, a vu b -.47
t 2006 pu v v $3
b.48 t 2007 v . a-
u pu 93 p
pu - a
pu .49 t x
u tb v u, bu
x , , u k. w up v pu,
k v u u:
u u,
bu p w, p eup,
90 p a.
t u k tb p
p, p, , b
i rpub a (iroa).
Physical Terrain
t p tb, p, p .
a fata p v 250,000
qu , 70 p
uu x pu, k
u, v. 50 o 12 p
b.
su a
xp h rv .51 l
u uu u-
vp vu x. r
v p up u v b
uu bu b . Bu
b v p, u
. i x u
u , v, ppu-
u u p. mup pk
b p v u b
uv k
v p v
xpv p u. i ,
uv u v.52
lk uu, u p
vu u b . a
p pp,
pp .53
Strategya t h. J, w
tb u p-9/11 u. . . .
t tb v b p :
-qu a
b p. t Pu-
, a-Q-p.54
t tb u p.
t u ,
u u v-
: u ; , ubquu, p . i
u u[,] uub
xu. . .55 a qu tb x
t a v , bu v
.56 t p u , p:
mb u pub a
Pk.
r Pu b u Pu-
u b p-
Pu ubju b p
-Pu v Kbu.Bu up
uu k
iroa, , gv
Pk.57
o w u xp b
u k p-
, u a
pu u Pk
b v i .58
Structuret tb v u-u . B 9/11,
up p v,
p v. hv, u
u v, b
v p,
p px
v b p
u.59 (s u 4.)
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T H E T A L I B A N
sp p tb p
u u qu, u
k U su r s, p-
u p
k vp ied. o p pv
p p k.
t tb k -
, b
. a up b
tb. i
tb
u upp p. t
upp tb , bu
. t u p pv
b bu.
a p tb v b 10
50 p- -
v p
. t u ,
, ppu- v
upp . c -
u v v. e
p k p,
p p tb
Mullah
Muhammad Omar
Mullah Berader
Deputy
All Pashtun Units
Mullah Bakht
Senior MilitaryStrategist
Proxy
Political Wing?
Regional
Commanders
Supreme
Taliban Shura
Liaison from
Al Qaeda,
TNSM, HIG, etc
Specialized
Departments
Central Asian
Origin Units
Tahir Yuldashev
Tehrik-i-Taliban
Pakistan
Baitullah Mehsud
Media
Ummat TV
Radio Shariat
Special Warfare
(Suicide Squads)Intelligence Finance Research and
DevelopmentCentral Training
Figure 4. An organizational diagram of the Taliban.
Couriers
and
Equipment
Manpowersupport
FinancesManpowerIntelligence
BombMakers
A. RECIPROCAL C. POOLEDB. SEQUENTIAL
Cell BCell A Cell A Cell B
Cell BCell A
Command
Command
Figure 5. Forms of interdependence in the Taliban.
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p upp; qu
p p
u, qup, ;
p p -
p, ied-k,
, p ,
upp.
Leadership. t tb k mu
o . t o
b sup tb su, tb
v b v.60 mu du,
xp, pb
b b shura. t (2003)
b u p u Ju-
hqq, su r m, mu
du (p b mu Bk),61 ak
m o, ak m m,
mu obu, h abu mj, mu
m ru, mu B, mu
abu rq aku.62 m
v.
a v, p
b buu u
u. t tb p u
Mullah
Muhammad Omar
Mullah Berader
Deputy
All Pashtun Units
Mullah Bakht
Senior Military
Strategist
Supreme
Taliban Shura
Media
Ustad Yassir and
Amir Muqtaddi
Tehrik TalibanPakistan and
Waziristan (7)
Baitullah Mehsud
Farah (1)
Mullah
Hayatullah
Kandhar,
Oruzgan,
Helmand (2)
Abdur Razaak
Ghazni, Paktia,
and Paktika (3)Saif ur Rehman
(KIA) andJalal ud Din Haggani
Zabul (4)Akhtar Osmani (KIA)
Replacement
unknown
Nangarhar, Kunar,
and Laghman (5)
Maulvi Qadir
Parwan, Kapisa,
Wardak, and
Kabul (6)
Anwar Dangar
NOte: ths dpcon of gon s s fo uson on nd dos no psn h cu o bounds of h supposd tbn commnds.
Figure 6. Supposed regional Taliban leadership.
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T H E T A L I B A N
p
pv b uu
p.63 d
ub-
b bu, u
v. (s u 6.)
Decision-making. t tb p
bv u , u p
, u mu o, k
, b b p-
v p uv
p. t tb
. t
u j upp.
c b uu v
upp ppu.
Coordination and communication. o u,
tb u , u. t sup su u p-
, u v ,
v v fatwas,
. t v -p
u bv. w
sup su p, p
u v b u
v up.
a tb p
p u k .
f u k, k p p
b p
p v (u 7). h-
v, p, k u
p, tb p
upp , v,
(u 7b), kb p
up u
p. t tb uu
u k , u
v p p.64
t v vb ,
tb u u.65 t u k
b k p u.
t tb u - -
u p xv .
s tb Pk u i
pp pup u
.Nameh-i-shab ( ), uu ppu ,
tb u.66
Recruitment and training. t tb
v u p. t
u u
b u v b pp u,
v, v, -
u b. t u ub.
ru xp ,
b , p p, k,
u , .
A. Typical reporting and direction
for policy decisions
B. Reporting and direction for
conduct of coordinated operations
Omer
Supreme
Taliban Shura
Regional Commands
Local Command
Village Cells
Individual Talibans
MullahOmer
Supreme
Taliban Shura
Regional Commands
Local Command
Village Cells
Individual Talibans
Village
Cell B
RegionalCommander
CentralTraining
Local
Commander
2
VillageCell C
Local
Commander
1
Village
Cell A
Figure 7. Taliban linkages, coordination, and reporting mechanisms.
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a a u
p, bpp
ux u. t b u ,
tb u b u
v U.s. nato p.67
Bu v Pu b -
, u uu p b
k. t v --jb
u pv b p-
v u p
Pu b. Bv, pu, p
u u p . s,
b p
.
Motivation. t tb k u
b p v,
, bjv. s
J b vb tb u:
t p tb p
uu k . . .
v b p []
i, u
w , w pupp
v Kbu.
t b u u
upp k.
t tb p u u
v up bb, uk nato a
, pk up u . m
jihad.
r, v bu
up, k
2001, bu
v k u b a,
U.s., nato .68
t tb pu u -
b
pp v b , u pp k p, u
vuu k b .
t pu u b -
, u u ,
ubj k p v,
b u.
t tb v
u, xp -
. i db 2007, tb
u u (layeha) u
u b.69 t
p b -
v u;
xp, Ju 2008 k mu
m du b u
i .70
The Taliban Securing its Futuret tb pp u uu
. i u v-
ppu :
cv pbv
pp u
v bk
u tb.
i p uv
v, u vp v uu.
ex p u -
a b x
p tb
uu b , pu Pk,
u b
u xp.
Coercive capabilities. t tb u -
-- u u
p v u v
p tb ppu , u u
v ppu u.71
t u
tb p. a k mu o
rb h-k p
pp tb .72 n, tb
k v Pu
b ppu.
t tb h pv
, t pp u. t v u ,
v u .73
o u, b v, p
g pv u: Pp
pk v pu . . . o
, b up u.
t v u
p p.74 i Kb, tb
p u x Kb
v u pk,
p a v
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T H E T A L I B A N
. f , tb v b
b, k v
uv. y u
. w u ? t v
p u pb k,
pp p
p .75
cv u tb
u u. a-
hu r w, tb k u
699 v u 2006.76 t tb
1 b, p b a ngo su-
o, vu
v ppu x
2007.77
t tb p v
b pp,
upp tb. cv, pp bv
uu v, u
u v u,
ppp p u. t
pp b b, pv up-
p tb p p
.
t tb p u
ppu u iroa. t ngo s
o p x 2007
50 p b
ppu tb pp-
up.78 m -
, bu 60 p bu p
. f p k vv
- p (k-pp
), u, ied k, .79
t tb pv k-
-u p
a. a eup u ,
[t pp] b v
v pv,
u pv b
v b b v, b kp
ub.80 t u tb
p u,
p b , u
tb p u b.t tb v pp up u u
bb v: 2006,
ub u k kb.81
Pu u b a-Q
tb, v u p
b tb
rb h u
v. t u p v pu
u v ppu
u .82 a
u, Un h c- hu
r u
tb b-
v
u
iroa.83 t
b k:
a
bu
k p
b. o u,
tb pp
p
v pb
v u, uu-
b
, 2007
u b a-J :
219
292
98
39
24
198
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
AOG Offensive Ops
IMF Offensive Ops
AOG Suicide Attacks
IMF Force Protection
AOG Target Killing
Criminal SAF
Table 1. Causes of NGO reported casualties.
leGeND: AOG, Armed Opposition Groups; IMF, International military forces (NATO, U.S.) ; SAF, Small arms re
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t tb v u u... [k
] u ... [] k
u i ju . t v
v k u,
pp v pb v.84 t
u upp tb b
ppu
a v.cv a u
u u . i 2006,
tb k 20
200 .85 i 2007,
300 .86 i Ju 2007, tb
pu b
x u pv a-. [t] tb u,
; , t tb (i)
u.87 t up p bu ,
- u
u u. t tb u-
uu u, pp, .
Internal influences. t tb pv
b . a b u
p, b up up p
v. t v k
xp p b v u iroa.88
f p-k tb u
b iroa p mu abu
s rk x : t
g s tb . . .
k v.89
t tb b -
v. c
2005, a p
tb b j
a p-
p . a
p :
t u
k
[tb] -
[tb]
u ,
p t -
u u p
bu k v
u
v pp p k v
p pb, v
u b p -
v.90
w b u u -
u tb b u
v , pp v
p v v u
u iroa.
m, tb p -
v, pv b
cu ie a db 2006.91 t
tb k p v
x, p ab
ju upp .
Regional and international influence. t Ju
2007 r mqu ib -
tb b u p
. t p tb-
ib u pk
- v , -
u Pk p px. i u , 10
v 90 k.92 t p
u v v u pk
P mu .
m , Pk-
p B Bu
v tb k uu
Pk. B Pk v
cia v p pb -
5%10%
25%
25%
35%
Armed Attacks Arson IED Abduction Intimidation
Figure 8. NGO and AOG contact.
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T H E T A L I B A N
Bu mu, tb
mv Pk.93mu p v
p mu o, -
b .94 t x tb
u Pk -
uu p xp .
t tb u
v Ju 2007 bu pp
xu g vv
pj ( v a) k-
pp bu su K .
tb b xu g
g
3,000 p a. t K
tb
K 200 p . a
tb k K, su
K v v tb pu p u a.
(t .)95
t p b tb v
. i k r mqu
u u p, pu Pk
v tb- u u
, pu pub upp
tb p p u.
w -k k, tb
xp v b p
u
v.
t u tb x b
b U.s. p-
v bu a. w
p , tb
-
a .
r, U.s. s d rb g
nato tb u-
a. g Los Angeles Times
u k
uu b bu
v.96 t n, U
K, c, p v u
u u a, p-
g k.
97
c n d- P , Jk l, k
u b pp p v c u
a. a nato pk p, i
pu pu bu
v b . i v
v b (u , Bu
i k ).98 g u, ,
k b
upp p.99 (s tb 2.)
NOte: th csu fgus shon h do no ncud h csus of Pksn focs hch bd o b o 1100 Kia o d.
Table 2. Coalition deaths by year.
12 0 12
49 20
6948 9
57 52 658
99 31
130
98 93
191
117115
232
475
274
749
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Total
U.S.
Other
Total
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obvu, tb u u-
v, bu
u u .
P uu
tb a, u :
tb b -u b pu-
bk u b.
tu, v pb uvv ,
b U.s. nato p, vu
u Pu- a
p p u fata
Pk. t
pb . i
, tb p u
v k k 9/11, B,
l .MR
1. Sun tzu, The Art of War, (17 Jnu 2008).
2. Mdss (abc: ) s h abc od fo n p of schoo, scuo gous (of n gon). in hs c, mdss f o ismc gous
smns n afghnsn nd Pksn.3. Mujhdn (abc: , , suggs) s m fo Musms
fghng n n p of sugg. Mujhd nd s pu, mujhdn, com fom h
sm abc oo s jhd (sugg). a od s pofu pson ho com-mnds n md foc o o hm, no o h gonmn; s su, h njos dfco cono of sub-non . wods nd gon songmn h bn
consn chcsc of afghn hso.4. ason Bhnk, The Conquests of Alexander the Great (Mnnpos, MN:
tn-Fs Cnu Books, 2007), 99.5. lous Dup,Afghanistan (Pncon, NJ: Pncon Uns Pss, 1978),145.
6. thoms H. Johnson, On h edg of h Bg Mudd: th tbn rsu-gnc n afghnsn, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly 5, no. 2 (2007): 118, (21
Nomb 2007).7. Sphn tnn,Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander the Great to
the Fall of the Taliban (Cmbdg, Ma, euospn, 2003), 134.8. Fo dd hso of h G Gm s P Hopkk, The Great Game:
The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia (N yok: Kodnsh Gob, 1994).
9. Fo ds of h dmns ngmns n h Fd admnsdtb as (Fata), s The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, (27 Fbu 2008), nd Noo u Hq,
rshd ahmd Khn, nd Mqsood u Hsn Nu, Fd admnsd tbas of Pksn, Islamabad Policy Research Institute Papers, o. 10 (Mch 2005),
(27 Fbu 2008).10. Fo ds of h foms h ups h counsd, s rdk Skosk,
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Pgon Hous Pubshs, 1990), 180-87
11. Knnh Kzmn,Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S.Policy(wshngon, DC: Congsson rsch Sc, 2007).
12. russn Gn Sff, The Soviet-Afghan War: How a Superpower Foughtand Lost, ds. nd ns. ls w. Gu nd Mch a. Gss (lnc: Uns
Pss of Knss, 2002), 255-56.13. Mohmmd yousf nd Mk adkn,Afghanistan-the Bear Trap: the Defeat
of a Superpower(Hon, Pa : Csm, 2001), 159.
14. Kzmn, 3. S so th tbn, Program for Culture and Conict Stud-ies, (27 Nomb2007).
15. whhbsm (abc: ) s bnch of ism pccd b hos hofoo h chngs of Muhmmd ibn abdu whhb, f hom h momn
s nmd. th ngs of such schos s ahmd bn Hnb nd ibn tmnfuncd ibn abdu whhb, ho noducd Sh (ismc) o h abnPnnsu. th m whhb (Wahhbya) s usd b h pop dscbs.
th cun pfd m s Sfsm fom Salaf as-Salih, h pous pdcs-sos, s popgd mn b ibn tm, hs sudns ibn a Qm -Jz,nd b Muhmmd bn abdu whb nd hs foos.
16. P Msdn, The Taliban: War, Religion and the New Order in Afghanistan(london nd Kch: Oxfod Uns Pss; N yok: Zd Books ld., 1998),
22-35.17. th cok of h Poph Mohmmd s ockd n cp n h o mu-soum Kndh nd, ccodng o popu mh, coud on b ouchd b u
Amir-ul-Momineen(ld of h Fhfu). Fo ds of h n, s Johnson ndMson, 80, nd Nomsu Onsh, a t of h Muh nd Muhmmds amzngCok, New York Times, 19 Dcmb 2001, (28 Nomb 2007).18. ahmd rshd, Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil, and Fundamentalism in Central
Asia (N Hn, Ct: y Uns Pss, 2001), 42.19. Josph a. rn, th Mh of Chsmc lds, T + D (1 Mch 2003):
46, (2 Dcmb 2007).
20. Kzmn, 3-4.21. B roggo, Pksn tbn Uns Und Buh Mhsud, The Long
War Journal,
(15 Jnu 2008).22. Mch Hod cd n B.C. lndbg, Cuu: a Ngcd aspc n w,
Urban Operations Journal, a w Cog, Mx-Gun afoc Bs, abm,1996, (18 Mch 2008).
23. ibd., 12224. th m b, s usd n hs c, fs o oczd goups n hch
knshp s h domnn dom of ognzon, nd hos mmbs consd hm-ss cuu dsnc (n ms of cusoms, dc o ngug, nd ogns) nd
h bn poc unfd s fo much of h hso. anono Gusozz ndNoo Uh, tbs nd wods n Souhn afghnsn, 1980-2005, Crisis StatesWorking Papers 2, no. 7 (Spmb 2006), 2, .25. Johnson, On the Edge of the Big Muddy, 122.26. a jg (Udu: ) s b ssmb of ds h mks dcsons b
consnsus. th mos common n afghnsn nd mong h Pshun n Pk-sn. Fo ds of h jgdon, s a wdk, JirgaA Traditional Mechanism
of Conict Resolution in Afghanistan, ; nd Mumz a Bngsh, Jg: Spd Juscof eds. wh s No Dcdd n h Jg w N b Dcdd b Boodshd,
Khyber Gateway, .27. exp: afghn w Nds N Sg, United Press International, 21
M 2007, (28 Nomb 2007).28. Nouf Qsm Mhd, Pkhun: Oscsm nd Hono mong h Phn
H tbs, Ethology and Sociobiology7 (1986): 150-54.29. Jon Skosk-Dndo, tbsm nd afghn Poc tdons,
53-59, (26 Fbu 2008).30. Os tohd nd Sco Bduf, Pksn am mus Go hough h Psh-
uns, The Christian Science Monitor, 25 Jun 2004, (4 Spmb 2007).31. Ciah World Factbook2007, (21 Nomb 2007).32. Msdn, 78.33. thoms H. Johnson nd M. Chs Mson, Undsndng h tbn nd
insugnc n afghnsn, Orbis 51, no.1 (wn 2007): 75.
34. rshd, Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil, and Fundamentalism in Central Asia,85-93.
35. CIAthe World Factbook 2007. i s mpon o no h h s popuoncnsus n afghnsn occud n h 1970s. thus, hs fgus hgh
qusonb.36. Fo fuh ds bou Pshun b gnogs nd h gogph of b
s, s S Of Kkpck Co, The Pathans, 550 B.C.-A.D. 1957(S. Mns:
1958), 521, nd thoms H. Johnson, Pogm fo Cuu nd Confc Suds NPS, Pogm of Cuu nd Confc Suds, N Posgdu Schoo, (11 Jnu 2008).
37. Fo fuh dscusson of h Pshun b dmnsons of h tbn, sJohnson nd Mson, 71.
38. Co, 15.39. ibd., 22.40. ibd., 21.
41. ibd., 12.42. ibd., 19.43. Fo h pupos of hs pp, humn n s dfnd s pop nd h
suppo/ngnc noks.44. innon Css Goup, Pakistan: Karachis Madrasas and Violent Extrem-
ism (2007).45. Johnson, On the Edge of the Big Muddy, 97.46. CIAthe World Factbook 2007.
47. Hous Fogn affs Comm Hng on afghnsn, afghnsn:th rs of h Nco-tbn: tsmon of Congssmn Mk Kk, 2007, (29 Nomb 2007).
48.Afghanistan Opium Survey 2007, Und Nons Offc on Dugs nd Cm(2007), (1 Ocob 2007).
49. ibd.50. th o of afghnsn nd h Fata s sgh g hn h s
of txs.
51. th suoundng h Hmnd r poducs h hghs dngopum cop n h coun.
52. CIAthe World Factbook 2007.
53. Co, x.54. th tbn, Program for Culture and Conict Studies.
55. rob tb, The War of the Flea: Guerrilla Warfare in Theory and Practice(N yok: l Su, inc., 1965), 27-28. th d of h tbn usng of h
NOTES
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T H E T A L I B A N
f ccs ognd n Johnson nd Mson, 87.
56. Johnson, On the Edge of the Big Muddy, 93.57. asbh ah abd Bk, th tbn Sg: rgous & ehnc Fcos,
The World in Crisis (1
Ocob 2007).58. thoms H. Johnson, n b uho, 24 M 2007.
59. tbn, Janes World Insurgency and Terrorism, Jns infomon Goup, (1 Dcmb 2007).
60. M DuP nd Hoon azzpou, Bood n h Sno: th tbns wn
Offns, afgh.com, (27 Fbu 2008).61. M Dup, anss: tbn rpc Dduh, h S of h insugnc,
(27 Fbu 2008).
62. rhmuh yusufz, Om Nms Counc o rss Occupon. TheNews, 24 Jun 2003.
63. vco Kogun, afghnsns rsugn tbn, Terrorism Focus 1,no. 4 (Ocob 24, 2003), (27 Fbu 2008).
64. Fo dscusson of smngccs,sJohn aqu nd Dd ronfd,Swarming and the Future of Conict(Sn Monc, Ca: raND Non Dfnsrsch insu, 2005), (11 Dcmb 2007).65. in n n h h BBCs Pshu sc n Mch 2003, Muh Ddu-
h sd of Muh Om: w h ppond ds nd commnds bsd onhs hndn ; h sd jhd bsd on hs hndn , nd ok bsd on hs ods. Counng afghnsns insugnc: No Quck Fxs ,
innon Css Goup, ,(27 Fbu 2008).
66. thoms H. Johnson, th tbn insugnc nd n anss ofShab Nameh
(Ngh ls), Small Wars and Insurgencies, o. 18, 317-44.67. Johnson nd Mson, 71.
68. Sh G. Jons,Afghanistans Local Insurgency(Sn Monc, Ca: th rndCopoon, 2007), .
69. Jhd lha Commn, Non Cn fo Poc rsch, (11 M 2007).
70. tbn Sck M Commnd, BBC News, (2 Jnu 2008).
71. tb, 27-28.72. rshd, 25.
73. Jms Bs, tbn Sz Scond Dsc,Aljazeera.Net, 13 Fbu 2007, (20 Jnu 2008).
74. S Dn, rss h tbn? wh Fo? l Nou Obsu, 10augus 2006, posd on uhou.com, .
75. ibd.76. th Humn Cos: th Consquncs of insugn acks n afghnsn,
Human Rights Watch 19, no. 6c (ap 2007), 70, (30 Ju 2007).
77. aNSO Qu D rpo: (Q.2-07) 22 Dcmb 20066 Jun 2007,
afghn NGO Scu Offc, 18 Ju 2007, 20, (21 Jnu 2008).
78. aNSO, 6.
79. aNSO, 8.80. lu Kng nd Dd Ho, afghnsn w Ns tppng Pon:
Gonmn suppo s fggng, NatO s sp on sg, nd tbn fghs
zd, Los Angeles Times, 9 Dcmb 2007, (20 Jnu 2008).
81. tom Coghn, Bsh oops m fc -Qd fghs sn fom iq o
afghnsn, Telegraph.co.uk, 3 Fbu 2006, (20 M 2007).
82. th Humn Cos: th Consquncs of insugn acks n afghnsn, 74.83. ron Snoz, afghnsn: rsugn tbn Sos ad Pojcs, rcon-
sucon, rdo F euop/rdo lb, 30 Nomb 2007, (20Jnu 2008).
84. Chdn d n Kbu bomb ck,ajz.N, 24 Nomb 2007,
.85. Noo Khn, tbn o opn h on schoos n h souh, afghnsn
wch, 22 Jnu 2007, (20 M 2007).86. Sns afghnsn, Stumbling into Chaos: Afghanistan on the Brink(london:
MF Pubshng ld, 2007), 96.
87. Noo.88. Johnson, Bg Mudd, 94.
89. S Dn nd Sm yousfz, tosm: th run of h tbn, lNou Obsu, 3 Nomb 2005, posd on uhou.com,