Millions Live With Hearing Loss
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Transcript of Millions Live With Hearing Loss
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Millions of people in the world
have hearing loss that can be
treated or prevented
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Photo: Patiricia Castellanos De Munoz, CEDAF, Guatemala
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1
360 million people live with
disabling hearing loss
32 million o these are children (
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pevalece of dsabl hea loss fo all oulato by selected eos*
(threshold >=41 dB or adults 15 years o age or more, and threshold >=31 dB
children under 15 years o age, WHO 2011 estimates)
2
Disabling hearing loss prevalence per 100 population
2.72% 4.41%
4.42% 6.13%
6.14% 7.58%
Data not available
Not applicable
*Selected regions: High-income, Central/ Eastern Europe and Central Asia, Sub-Sahara Arica, Middle East and North Arica, South Asia, Asia Pacifc,Latin America and Caribbean, and East Asia.
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression
o any opinion whatsoever on the part o the World Health Organization concerning the legal status o
any country, territory, city or area or o its authorities, or concerning the delimitation o its rontiers or
boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines or which there may not yet be
ull agreement.
Data Source: WHO Deaness Prevalence Estimates (MBD Unit)
Map Production: Prevention o Blindness and Deaness (PBD Unit)
World Health Organization
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global estimates
Hearing loss is unevenly and unequally distributed across the world.
Nearly one third o people aged above 65 live with disabling hearing loss.Prevalence decreases exponentially as income increases.
axily 15% l ul uli g ig l; 25% g bv 65 y.
Source: MBD, WHO, 2011 DHL estimates.
3%
2.5%
2%
1.5%
1%
0.5%
0%
0
South Asia: 2.4%
Sub-Sahara Africa: 1.9%
Asia Pacific: 2%
East Asia: 1.3%
Middle East and North Africa: 0.92%
High Income: 0.5%
Latin America and Caribbean: 1.6%
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Y= 0.0266x - 0.334
P
revalenceofDisablingHearingLoss
forchildrenunder14yearsold
Average GNI per capita (thousands US Dollars)
Central/East Europe and Central Asia: 1.6%
pevalece of dsabl hea loss chlde vesus oss atoal come (gni)
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Photo:Nazmul Bari, CDD, Bangladesh
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ChroniC ear infeCtions
In some settings, the prevalence o chronic ear inections may be as high as 46%.Ear inections are usually accompanied by discharge rom the ear. This can lead to
hearing loss and may cause lie-threatening complications, such as meningitis and brain
abscesses.
Studies show that the global burden o illness rom chronic otitis mediab aects rom
65 to 330 million people with ear discharge.
Otitis media is largely preventable, and can be eectively managed through medical and
surgical approaches.
Incorporating primary ear care into primary health care is a cost-eective way to reduce
the long-term morbidity and mortality caused by chronic ear inections.
b Chronic otitis media: chronic ear inection.
ov 90% bu cic ici i b
by cui i su-e ai, w pcifc aic
rgi, ic iii i pcifc ri.
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Photo: Andrew Smith, LSHTM
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Childhood deafness
32 million children have disabling hearing loss. Causes include:
Maternal inections such as RubellaMeningitis, measles and mumps
Severe jaundice ollowing birth
Birth anoxiaChronic ear inections
Use o ototoxic medicines
Low birth weightNoise
Higher prevalence o childhood hearing loss is associated with lower levels o development
across regions, as illustrated in the fgure below:
Early detection and management o hearing impairments are important elements o appropriatesupport or dea or hearing-impaired babies, helping them to enjoy equal opportunities in society.
d ig-ii cil xic lyvl c, lgug cgiiv kill, ic y
ul i l lig ifculi i cl.
South Asia: 2.47%
Asia Pacific: 2.10%
East Asia: 1.35%Y= -0.002x + 0.3291
Middle East and North Africa: 0.95%
500%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Average parental literacy rate (% of population of 15 or more years old)
Prevalence
ofdisabling
hearing
lo
ss
for
children
under14
years
old
Latin America andCaribbean: 1.7%
Central/East Europeand Central Asia: 1.6%Sub-Sahara Africa: 2%
i
i
i i
i
i l i
i I
i i i
l l i
reoal evalece of dsabl hea loss chlde ude 14 yeas
vesus aveae adult lteacy
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Photo: Ron Brouillette, Tanzania
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age-related hearing loss
The prevalence o hearing loss among adults above 65 years is thought to be up to fve times
higher than that or people below 65 years old.
Age-related hearing loss is termed presbyacusis.
Exclusion rom communication can have a signifcant impact on everyday lie, causing a eeling
o loneliness, isolation and rustration, particularly among older people who have hearing loss.
The percentage growth in the number o people aged 65 years and above will be between
1850% rom 20102020 in all regions. The number o people with hearing loss will
consequently grow by similar proportions, paralleling these demographic changes.
c Ten-year projections (20102020) assuming no change in current prevalence rates o hearing loss.
abu i l bv65 y g vl iblig ig l.
pecetae owth wold oulato of eole 65 yeas o olde, betwee 2010 ad 2020.c
ProportionofHLcasesgrowth
for65+yearsoldpopulation
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
High income Central/ Eastern
Europe andCentral Asia
Sub-SaharanAfrica
Middle Eastand North
Africa
South Asia Asia Pacific Latin Americaand Caribbean
East Asia
25.8%
18.4%
38.0%
49.0%
42.9%
46.4%
44.1%
49.7%
i
i i
i
i l i
i ii
ll ii
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Photo: ULBRA, CBM
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noise is a major and avoidable
Cause of hearing loss
In many places, excessive noise has become the most compensated occupational hazard.Exposure to environmental noise has been linked to adverse health eects in the European
region. Exposure to excessive noise is a major avoidable cause o permanent hearing
loss worldwide.Noise-induced hearing loss is completely preventable through improved
awareness.
hig l c l ccu llig u xic ici.
Some commonly used medicines (such as aminoglycosides and certain anti-malarial
medicines) can lead to irreversible hearing loss.
Ototoxicity can be prevented through awareness among health-care providers and by the
rational use o drugs.
d Ototoxic: Damaging to the ear(s).
ni i cu cc i ll cui.
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Photo: Piet Van Hasselt, CBM
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impaCt of hearing loss
The main impact o hearing loss is on the individuals ability to communicate with others.
Spoken language development in dea children is oten delayed.
Hearing loss and ear diseases such as otitis media have a signifcant adverse eect on
the academic perormance o children.
In some countries, cultural or superstitious belies regarding hearing loss may create a barrier
to prevention, treatment and/or rehabilitation.
People living with disabilities, including hearing loss, have a much higher unemployment rate.Among those who are employed, a higher percentage o people with hearing loss work in the
lower grades o employment, than in the general workorce.
Lack o services and access may be a reason or proportionally higher unemployment among
people with hearing loss.
In addition to its individual eects, hearing loss aects social and economic development incommunities and countries.
These negative impacts arise rom the interaction o hearing loss with the wider social
environment, and can be signifcantly mitigated through early identifcation and appropriate
management o hearing problems.
e WHO Prevention o Deaness and Hearing Impairment, Report by the Director General A 39/14, 1986
m iuly ig-ii cil ly civ yclig i vlig cui.
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Photo: Shelly Chadha, WHO
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hearing aids: an unmet need
It is estimated that in developing countries, about 20% o people who have hearing loss require
hearing aids, suggesting 72 million potential hearing aid users worldwide.
However, current production o hearing aids meets less than 10% o the global need.In
developing countries, less than 3% o people who need a hearing aid are thought to have one.
Making aordable and properly ftted hearing aids and ollow-up services available and
accessible in all parts o the world will beneft many people with hearing loss.
Hearing aid services must also address the issue o ftting, maintenance and battery provision.
It is important to ensure ull access to learning and living environments or all persons with
hearing loss. In particular, teaching in sign language benefts children with hearing loss, while
provision o captioning and sign language interpretation on television acilitates access to
inormation.
Cu uci ig i l 10% glbl .
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hearing loss Can be prevented
Immunization;
Eective antenatal and perinatal care;
Healthy ear and hearing care habits;
Eective treatment or both acute and chronic ear conditions;Avoiding the use o ototoxic drugs, unless prescribed by a qualifed physician and properly
monitored or correct dosage and side-eects;
Reerring babies or early assessment o hearing, including prompt diagnosis and appropriate
management, as required;
Reducing exposure (both occupational and recreational) to loud noises.
Hearing loss due to otitis media can be prevented by healthy ear and hearing care practices.It can be addressed through early detection, and appropriate medical or surgical interventions.
Early detection and intervention is the most important actor in minimizing the impact o
hearing loss on a childs development and educational achievements.
People with hearing loss should have access to improved communication through the use o
hearing devices, such as hearing aids, assistive listening devices and cochlear implants.
People with hearing loss can learn to communicate through development o lip-reading skills,
use o written or printed text, and sign language.
oc ig l ccu, g cy iy
ivi c l xiiz uciig iclui:
hig l i vbl ug ublic l u
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role of who
Assists Members States to develop suitableprogrammes or primary ear and hearing
care, integrated into the primary health care
system o the country.
Provides technical resources and guidance
or training.
Develops and disseminates guidelines to
address the major preventable causes o
hearing loss.
Builds partnerships to provide aordable
hearing aids and services to people in need.
Raises awareness about hearing loss aswell as the opportunities or prevention,
identifcation and management.
Maintains a global database to describe the
size and impact o the problem.
Photo: Rajiv Dhawan, India
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Millions of people in the world
have hearing loss that can be
treated or prevented
AwAreness is the key to prevention
Learn more about hearing loss, its impact, prevention and management at:
http://www.who.int/pbd/deaness