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Millimetre-Wave Technologies and Applicationsmwemedia.com/interlligentrf/IRobertson.pdf ·...
Transcript of Millimetre-Wave Technologies and Applicationsmwemedia.com/interlligentrf/IRobertson.pdf ·...
Ian Robertson School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering
University of Leeds
School of Electronic & Electrical EngineeringFACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Millimetre-Wave Technologies and Applications - Finally Fulfilling Their Promise
Why Millimetre-Waves?
High bandwidth for communications
Small high-gain antennas
Special sensing capabilities
A very brief history of early millimetre-wave technology
Linear Millimeter Wave Amplification with GaAs WafersH. W. THIM
H. H. LEHNERBell Telephone Laboratories
“The waveguide is of high quality; the average measured attenuation varies smoothly from 2.62 dB per mile at 50 GHz to 2.32 dB per mile at 60 GHz”
Precise 50 to 60 GHz measurements on a two-mile loop of helix waveguideYoung, D.T.; Warters, W.D.
The Bell System Technical Journal, 1968
Charles Kao
REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS, VOLUME 82, JULY–SEPTEMBER 2010Nobel Lecture: Sand from centuries past: Send future voices fasthttp://journals.aps.org/rmp/pdf/10.1103/RevModPhys.82.2299
G. GIBBONSJ. J. PURCELLP. R. WICKENSH. S. GOKGORAllen Clark Research CentrePlessey Co.Caswell
GUNN-EFFECT OSCILLATORS FOR THE 40-60 GHzRANGE, V. E. Dunn and D. R. Zangrando, Varian Associates,Palo Alto, Calif. , 1970 IEDM
A Mixer and Solid State L.O. for a 60 GHz ReceiverDickens, L.E., Jr.; Cotton, J.M.; Geller, B.D.Microwave Symposium Digest, 1971 IEEE GMTT International
High Data-Rate Solid-State Millimeter-Wave Transmitter ModuleChang, Y.; Kuno, H.J.; English, D.L.
Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions onYear: 1975,
An experiment on propagation of 60-GHz waves through rainDeLange, O.E.; Dietrich, A.F.; Hogg, D.C.The Bell System Technical Journal, 1975
February 1975: Bell completes installation of 14 kilometers of millimeter waveguide in New Jersey
City of Light: The Story of Fiber OpticsBy Jeff Hecht
“The tubes were full of pure dry nitrogen because oxygen in the air absorbs millimeter waves”
240, 000 voice circuits, 17B b/s
Also, in UK:White, R.; Read, M.; Moore, A., "Recent British Work on MillimetricWaveguide Systems," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.22, no.9, pp.1378-1390, Sep 1974
500-Mbit/s QPSK modulation,IMPATT diode oscillators
A 58 GHz Communication Link for Railway ApplicationsMeinel, H.; Plattner, A.; Pehnack, H.; Schickl, O.
10th European Microwave Conference, 1980
Thick-film fabrication techniques for millimetre-wave dielectric waveguide integrated circuitsInggs, M.R.; Williams, N.Electronics Letters, 1980
A 60 GHz GaAs FET AmplifierWatkins, E.T.; Schellenberg, J.M.; Hackett, L.H.; Yamasaki, H.; Feng, M.
IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 1983
60 GHz high-efficiency InP pulsed TEOEddison, I.G.; Davies, I.; Howard, A.M.; Brookbanks, D.M.
Electronics Letters, 1981
Microstrip antennas for millimeter wavesWeiss, M.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1981,
A Compact Low Cost 60 GHz CommunicatorHislop, A.
IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 1982
World’s First MMIC Amplifier
Monolithic broadband GaAs f.e.t. amplifiers Pengelly, R.S.; Turner, J.A.
Electronics Letters Year: 1976, Volume: 12, Issue: 10
Pages: 251 - 252
1993 >100 GHz amplifier, Wang et al.
1993 2.4GHz single chip transceiver, Devlin et al. 3.3x5.2 mm
1993 2.4 GHz wireless LAN system, Williams
A selection of notable early UK efforts in millimetre-wave wireless communications
M3VDS, BT MartleshamMillimetre-wave multichannel multipoint video distribution system
Dave Wake (BT / Microwave Photonics) and colleaguesPassive picocells and radio-over-fibre
Wake, D.; Johansson, D.; Moodie, D.G., "Passive picocell: a new concept in wireless network
infrastructure," in Electronics Letters , vol.33, no.5, pp.404-406, 27 Feb 1997
Wake, D.; Webster, M.; Wimpenny, G.; Beacham, K.; Crawford, L., "Radio over fiber for mobile communications," in
Microwave Photonics, 2004. MWP'04. 2004 IEEE International Topical Meeting on , vol., no., pp.157-160, 4-6 Oct. 2004
Video transmission over a 40 GHz radio-fibre link Wake, D.; Smith, I.C.; Walker, N.G.; Henning, I.D.
Electronics Letters, 1992
Radiant NetworksMESH network
MOBILE BROADBAND SYSTEMA Report on the work of RACE Project 2067J.T. Zubrzycki, BBC R&D
BBC 60 GHz Wireless Camera
A 3D raytracing model for the study of sectored antenna performance in indoor radio communications systems
Algiannakis, C.; Robertson, I.; Aghivami, A.H. Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications,
1995. PIMRC'95
V-Band MMIC Chip-Set, Design and Performance Passiopoulos, G.; Nam, S.; Georgiou, A.; Baree, A.;
Robertson, I.D.; Grindrod, E.A. 28th European Microwave Conference, 1998.
Integrated endfire sectored antennas for microwave and millimeter wave LANs Passiopoulos, G.; Robertson, I.D.; Grindrod, E.
International Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 1997
LNAs
SP4T
PLO
WG transition
Circular polariser
Metal Waveguide
60GHz Sectored Receiver Antenna
King’s College / DRA Malvern Project
1995 onwards
& where are we now?
• Explosive growth of wireless systems
• Si RFIC technology
• Rock bottom prices
• Transfer of manufacturing
• Consolidation of companies
Q: What stopped wireless millimetre-wave communications being adopted earlier?
Video compression techniques
MIMO
Tx1
Tx2
Rx1
Rx2
Cost of hardware
Num
ber
of tr
ansis
tors
(bill
ions)
0
1
2
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Year
Pentium
Pentium III
CopperminePentium IV Prescott
Core2 Duo
Conroe
Quad Core i7
Bloomfield
Itanium
Quad Core [2]
10
100
1000
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Year
Node (nm)
ft (GHz)
ft
CMOS Technology Development and ft
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.0011 10 100 1000 GHz
Watts
Typical
current
phone
Frequency
300 GHz, 10 mW
in 2014
45 GHz, 0.5 W
world record in 2013
Now focus on “affordable” III-V technologies
Steerable Antennas
Samsung claims 5G tech breakthrough May 2013
Samsung Electronics says it has developed a technology that
could be "at the core" of the eventual 5G mobile-data standard
The company says its equipment is capable of transmitting
data at more than 1Gbps across a distance of up to 2km (1.2
miles).
Samsung says it has developed the world's first "adaptive
array transceiver" technology, an innovation that allows part of
the super-high-frequency Ka band of the radio spectrum - at
28GHz - to be used for cellular data transmission.
64 antenna elements
Can millimetre-wave communications make it into consumer products?
CablestoGo
60 GHz Wireless HDMI
From Dabs.com
60
GH
z s
ing
le c
hip
TX
-RX
wit
h
32
ele
me
nt
ste
era
ble
an
ten
na
SiB
EA
MT
M
A 4-GBPS UNCOMPRESSED WIRELESS HD A/V TRANSCEIVER CHIPSET
Jeffrey M. Gilbert, Chinh H. Doan, Sohrab Emami, C. Bernard Shung
IEEE Micro, vol.28, no.2, pp.56-64, March-April 2008
0.38 THz FMCW radar transceiverPhD Thesis: Fully Integrated Silicon Terahertz Transceivers for Sensing and
Communication Applications, Jung-Dong Park, UC Berkeley
Balun
High Q L/C
Divider/Combiner
Filter/Diplexer
Antenna
Isolator
High Q
Resonator
VCO
PA
DriverLNA
MixerADC/DAC
Active
Passive
Silicon can’t do everything:Transceiver system partitioning
MCM / SiP / SoP / SoS
Patch PBG structure
Coupling Slot Microstrip Feed MMIC
Buried
Ground
Plane
Power
PlaneLO
RFIC/basebandDigital I/O
Heterogeneous Integration of Silicon & III-Vs
Wearables & Body Area Networks
High data rate communications
Miniature Radars & Sensors
New forms of human-computer
interaction
Augmented Reality
Do we really need millimetre-waves? YES!
The ARQuake Projecthttp://wearables.unisa.edu.au
Microsoft Hololens Project XRay
Q: Will 5G use millimetre-waves?
Obviously YES!
- Already using them for wireless backhaul- 60 GHz WiFi should be seamlessly integrated into 5G
More sustainable energy systems
Better healthcare
Safer, less polluting, transport
Better security
Assisted living
Stunning Entertainment
Q: Will we really see millimetre-wave transceivers with steerable antennas on lamp posts?
Discuss……….