Chapter 18Chapter 18
Sports Skills
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1. Measure sport skills
2. State how sports skills tests may be used in physical education.
3. Describe responsibilities after the measurement of sports skills.
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Sports Skills Tests
Selection of sports skills tests should be based on criteria described in chapter 5.
Test items measure only one aspect of sport.
May be best to develop localized norms.
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Accuracy-based tests
Throwing, serving, striking, or kicking an object toward a target for accuracy
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Repetitive-performance tests (also called wall volley tests)
Continuous performance of an activity for a specified time period; performer required to stroke, pass, throw, or kick an object at a wall for a specified time period; number of successful trials is measurement
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3. Total body movement tests (also called speed tests)
Test performer moves the whole body in a restricted designated area as quickly as possible
Examples – basketball and soccer dribbling
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Grouping of Sports Skills Tests
4. Distance or power performance
Test performer throws, kicks, or strikes an object for maximum displacement or force
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May use checklist, rating chart, analytical, and holistic rubrics.
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Related to purposes of measurement
If for achievement and grading, should have grading scale (norm-referenced or criteria-referenced)
If classification, must determine scores for group placement
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Age level. Twelve through eighteen.
Face validity; no reliability coefficient provided.
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Badminton – French Short-Serve Test
Test objective. To measure the ability to serve accurately with a low and short placement (degree of serving skill should be developed before the test is administered).
Age level. Junior high through college.
Validity and reliability coefficients reported.
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Test objective. To measure the accuracy of the long serve.
Age level. High school through college-age.
Validity and reliability coefficients reported.
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Badminton – Poole Forehand Clear Test
Test objective. To measure the ability to hit the forehand clear from the backcourt, high and deep into the opponent’s court.
Age level. High school through college-age.
Validity and reliability coefficients reported.
Figure 18.3 shows scoring zones.
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Test objective. To measure general golf putting ability.
Age level. Junior high through college-age.
Validity and reliability not reported.
Figure 18.4 shows markings on smooth carpet.
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The Green Golf Test
Test objective. To measure the golf skills of putting, chipping, pitch shot, and approach shot.
Age level. Originally designed for college. students but may be used for individuals younger than college-age.
Validity and reliability coefficients reported.
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Chip shot for 35 feet
Pitch shot from 40 yards
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Validity and reliability coefficients reported.
Figure 18.5 shows target markings; plastic balls are used.
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Age level. High school through college-age.
Validity and reliability coefficients reported.
30-Second Volley
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Age level. High school through college-age.
Validity and reliability coefficients reported.
Short Wall Volley Test
Long Wall Volley Test
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Hewitt’s Revision of the Dyer Backboard Tennis Test
Test objective. To classify beginning and advanced tennis players by measuring rallying ability.
Age level. High school through college-age.
Validity and reliability coefficients reported.
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Hewitt Tennis Achievement Test
Test objective. To measure the basic tennis skills of the service, forehand drive, and backhand drive.
Age level. High school through college-age.
Validity and reliability coefficients reported.
Service Placement (Figure 18.8 shows court markings.)
Speed of Service (Figure 18.8 shows court markings.)
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AAHPERD Tennis Skills Test
Test Objective. To measure the basic tennis skills of ground strokes (forehand and backhand) and the serve. A volley test is included as an optional item.
Age level. Grade 9 through college.
Validity and reliability coefficients reported.
Ground Strokes (Figure 18.10 shows court markings.)
Serve (Figure 18.11 shows court markings.)
Volley (Figure 18.12 shows court markings.)
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Speed Spot Shooting (Figure 18.13 shows floor markings.)
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Passing (Figure 18.14 shows wall markings.)
Test objective. To measure skill in chest passing and recovering the ball while moving.
Control Dribble (Figure 18.15 shows court markings.)
Test objective. To measure ball-handling skill (dribbling) while moving.
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Field Hockey – Chapman Ball Control Test
Test objective. To measure the ability to combine quickness in stick movement with ability to control the force that is necessary to move the ball.
Age level. High school through college-age.
Validity and reliability coefficients reported.
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AAHPER Football Skills Test
This test includes ten items that measure different football skills. Eight items, which measure skills also used in touch or flag football, are described.
Test objective. Each item measures a single basic skill.
No validity or reliability coefficients reported.
Forward Pass for Distance
50-Yard Dash with Football
Forward Pass for Accuracy
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Pullout
Kickoff
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Age level. High school through college-age.
Validity coefficient reported; reliability not reported.
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Test objective. To measure general soccer ability.
Age level. Originally designed for fifth- and sixth-grade boys but may be administered to girls and boys in grade 5 through junior high.
Validity and reliability coefficients reported.
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AAHPERD Softball Skills Test
Test objective. To measure the basic softball skills of batting, fielding, throwing, and baserunning.
Age level. Grade 5 through college.
Validity and reliability coefficients reported.
Batting (figure 18.20 shows field markings)
Fielding Ground Balls (Figure 18.21 shows field markings.)
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AAHPERD Softball Skills Test
Overhand Throwing for Distance and Accuracy (Figure 18.22 shows field markings.)
Baserunning
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Fielding Grounders – Agility, Speed, and Accuracy Test
Test objective. To measure the ability to field grounders, to run to a base, and to throw quickly and accurately to a target.
Age level. Originally designed for high school girls but also may be administered to high school boys.
Validity and reliability coefficients reported.
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Test objective. To measure defensive softball skills.
Age level. Originally designed for college women, but the test also may be administered to males and females in high school through college.
Validity and reliability coefficients reported.
Repeated Throws Fielding Test
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Test objective. To measure general volleyball playing ability.
Age level. College, but the test may also be appropriate for some high school groups.
Validity and reliability coefficients reported.
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Brumbach Volleyball Service Test
Test objective. To measure the ability to serve the volleyball low and deep into the opponent’s court.
Age level. Junior high through college-age.
Validity and reliability not reported.
Figure 18.25 shows the floor markings and rope placement.
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North Carolina State University Volleyball Skills Test Battery
Test objective. To measure and evaluate the three basic volleyball skills: serve, forearm pass, and set.
Age level. High school through college-age.
Content validity assumed; reliability coefficient reported.
Serve (Figure 18.26 shows the floor markings.)
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North Carolina State University Volleyball Skills Test Battery
Forearm Pass (Figure 18.27 shows the court markings and rope placement.)
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Test objective. To measure volleyball passing ability.
Age level. Junior and senior high girls, but the serve item is also appropriate for junior and senior high boys.
Validity and reliability coefficients reported.
Volley
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