millenium development goal no 4

7/30/2019 millenium development goal no 4

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MDG GOAL 4

REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

Ms. Harpreet Kaur

Lecturer


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The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) areeight international development goals that wereofficially established following the MillenniumSummit of the United Nations in 2000, followingthe adoption of the United Nations MillenniumDeclaration.

All 193 United Nations member states and atleast 23 international organizations have agreedto achieve these goals by the year 2015.


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8 MDG GOALS


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Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and

hunger


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Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary

Education


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Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and

Empower Women


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Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality


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Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health


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Goal 6: Combats HIV/AIDS, Malaria

and Other Diseases


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Goal 7: Ensure environmental

sustainability


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Goal 8: Develop a global partnership

for development


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INDICATORS:

Reduce by two thirds the mortality rate

among children under five by 2015

Under-five mortality rate

Infant mortality rate

Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised

against measles


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GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and2015, the under-five mortality rate.

Close to 11 million children die every yearbefore reaching the age of five, or 20 perminute ,30,000 per day. Nearly 4 million ofthese die in the first 28 days of life.

Most of the deaths are due to causes likepneumonia, diarrhoea, measles, malaria, andneonatal causes.


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Malnutrition is associated with 54% of thedeaths.

99% of the deaths are in low and middle-

income countries, mostly in sub-SaharanAfrica and South Asia.

Measles deaths world-wide dropped by nearly40% between 1999 and 2003.

GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

contd...


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Child mortality, also known as under-5mortality, refers to the death of infants and

children under the age of five per 1,000 livebirths.

Infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number ofdeaths of children less than one year of ageper 1000 live births.


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According to UNICEF, most child deaths result

from one the following five causes or a

combination of:

Acute respiratory infections

Diarrhoea

Measles

Malaria

Malnutrition


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CAUSES OF UNDER 5 MORTALITY


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INTERVENTIONS NEEDED FOR

REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY


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1. Care for newborns and theirmothers


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2. Infant and young child feeding




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3. Vaccination




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4.Prevention and case managementof pneumonia, diarrhoea and

sepsis




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5. Malaria control




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6. Prevention and care ofHIV/AIDS.




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WHO strategies to deliverthese interventions


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WHO strategies

1.Appropriate home care andtimely treatment of

complications for newborns


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2. Integrated management ofchildhood illness for all

children under five years old

WHO strategies


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3. Expanded programme onimmunization

WHO strategies


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4. Infant and young child feeding.

WHO strategies


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5. These child health strategies arecomplemented by interventions for

maternal health, in particular, skilled

care during pregnancy and childbirth.

WHO strategies


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The poorest states in India (e.g., Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,Rajasthan, Orissa, and Madhya Pradesh):

are among the most populous in the country, and

have among the worst MD indicators.

Owing to more rapid population growth, these states willaccount for an even larger share of Indias population in2015.

Therefore, Indias attainment of MDGs will largely dependon the performance of these states.


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Goal 4. Reduce child mortality: Infant Mortality Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Rural Total Urban


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GOALS PROGRESS IN INDIA

IMR per thousand live births:

80 (1990)

53 (2008-10)

Target is to reduce it to 26.7 (2015)

U5MR per thousand live births:

125 (1990)

74.6 (2005-06)

62 (2010)

Target is to reduce it to 42 (2015)


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Conclusion

To accelerate progress towards achieving MDG-4 by2015 there are four areas of concern to address:

1. Large inequities in U5 mortality across states andbetween social and economic groups inhibit theacceleration in progress.

2. Continued presence of several risk factors, whichare significantly associated with infant and U5mortality retard the progress includes

low levels ofmaternal education (less than class 8) early childbearing (earlier than 20 yrs)

inadequate birth spacing (less than 24 months).


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Conclusion contd..

3. Highlight the importance of improving

quality of perinatal care for improving child

survival.


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THANK YOU

millenium development goal no 4

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