Milk Products and Alternatives Milk Milk Complete protein source Colloidal dispersion—large...
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Transcript of Milk Products and Alternatives Milk Milk Complete protein source Colloidal dispersion—large...
Milk Products and Alternatives
MilkMilk
Complete protein sourceComplete protein source
Colloidal dispersionColloidal dispersion—large proteins in —large proteins in aqueous serumaqueous serum
Lactose, minerals, fat dispersed in serumLactose, minerals, fat dispersed in serumFat is in an emulsionFat is in an emulsion
Milk Products and Alternatives
Composition of cow’s milk:Composition of cow’s milk:
HH22OO 87%87% FatFat 3.7%3.7% LactoseLactose 4.9%4.9% ProteinsProteins 3.5%3.5% MineralsMinerals 0.7%0.7%
Milk Products and Alternatives
Proteins in milkProteins in milk
Casein (curd)—82%Casein (curd)—82%MicellularMicellularCoagulates with added rennin or acidCoagulates with added rennin or acid
Lactoglobulin (whey)—18%Lactoglobulin (whey)—18%Serum Serum Curdle-resistant but denatures with heat >158Curdle-resistant but denatures with heat >158°°FF
Milk Products and Alternatives
Vitamins and minerals in milkVitamins and minerals in milk
VitaminsVitaminsVitamin D, vitamin A, and riboflavinVitamin D, vitamin A, and riboflavin
MineralsMineralsCa, P, Mg, K, NaCa, P, Mg, K, Na
Milk Products and Alternatives Safety—milk is highly perishableSafety—milk is highly perishable
PasteurizationPasteurizationStandard methodStandard method: 145: 145°°F, 30 minutesF, 30 minutesHTSTHTST: 162: 162°°F, 15 seconds F, 15 seconds UltrapasteurizedUltrapasteurized: 275-300: 275-300°°F, 2-4 secondsF, 2-4 seconds
• Half and half, cream, and eggnogHalf and half, cream, and eggnogUHTUHT: 280: 280°F, °F, 2 seconds2 seconds
• Sterile, stored on shelfSterile, stored on shelf
Milk Products and Alternatives
Safety continued…Safety continued…
HomogenizationHomogenizationOptionalOptionalDecreases globule sizeDecreases globule sizePrevents separatingPrevents separating
Milk Products and Alternatives
Fat grades and varieties of milkFat grades and varieties of milk WholeWhole 4% fat4% fat ReducedReduced 1-2% fat1-2% fat SkimSkim 0.1-0.2% fat0.1-0.2% fat CondensedCondensed
NFDMNFDM—100% H—100% H22O removedO removed
EvaporatedEvaporated—60% H—60% H22O removedO removedSweetenedSweetened—40-45% sugar—40-45% sugar
Milk Products and Alternatives
Fermented dairy productsFermented dairy products UnrefrigeratedUnrefrigerated Soured by lactic acid bacteriaSoured by lactic acid bacteria Casein micelles aggregateCasein micelles aggregate Types:Types:
YogurtYogurtButtermilkButtermilkSour creamSour creamCottage cheeseCottage cheese
Milk Products and Alternatives YogurtYogurt
Mixed culture of bacteriaMixed culture of bacteria 113113°°F for 4 hoursF for 4 hours
ButtermilkButtermilk Skim milkSkim milk Utilizes bacteria for buttery flavorUtilizes bacteria for buttery flavor Cooler and longer incubation time than yogurtCooler and longer incubation time than yogurt
Sour creamSour cream Vinegar or buttermilk added w/ or w/out bacteriaVinegar or buttermilk added w/ or w/out bacteria
Cottage cheeseCottage cheese