MILK ENERGETICS Leo Timms Iowa State University. ENERGY REACTION VALUES Reaction type energy value...
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Transcript of MILK ENERGETICS Leo Timms Iowa State University. ENERGY REACTION VALUES Reaction type energy value...
MILK ENERGETICS
Leo Timms
Iowa State University
ENERGY REACTION VALUES
Reaction type energy value
kcal/mole
1. ATP--- ADP + P 7
UTP--- UDP + P 7
GTP--- GDP + P 7
2. ATP --- AMP + P + P 14
3. NADPH ---- NADP + ~ 3 ATP 21
MILK ENERGETICS 110 LBS. (50 l)
• Protein: 4% or 40 g / liter• 50 liter X 40 g/ l = 2000g synthesized protein• 2000 g /(100 g/ mole) = 20 moles AA in protein
• ENERGY NEEDED:
1. Formation of AA - tRNA: 14kcal / mole
ATP ------ AMP + P + P
2. 2 GTP / AA at ribosome 14 kcal / mole
TOTAL 28 kcal / mole
MILK ENERGETICS 110 LBS. (50 l)
• Fat: 4% or 40 g / liter• 50 liter X 40 g/ l = 2000g fat ( 50% made: 1000)• 1000 g /(256 g/ mole) ~ 4 moles palmitate (C16)
• ENERGY NEEDED:
1. 8 Acetate --- Acetyl CoA: 112 kcal / mole
ATP ------ AMP + P + P
2. 7 Acetyl CoA -- malonyl CoA 49 kcal / mole
3. NADPH ( 21kcal X 7 X 2) 294 kcal / mole
TOTAL 455 kcal / mole
MILK ENERGETICS 110 LBS. (50 l)
• Lactose: 5% or 50 g / liter• 50 liter X 50 g/ l = 2500g lactose• 2500 g /(360 g/ mole) = 7 moles lactose
• ENERGY NEEDED:
1. UTP ----- UDP- Galactose: 7 kcal / mole
UTP ------ UDP + P
2. UDP- galactose ----lactose + UMP 7 kcal / mole
TOTAL 14 kcal / mole
MILK ENERGETICS 110 LBS. (50 l)
Total energy expended for 50 kg milk
Component % moles kcal/m Total kcal %
Protein 4 20 28 560 23
Fat 2 (.5 X 4) 4 455 1820 73
Lactose 5 7 14 100 4
TOTAL 2480
MILK ENERGETICS 110 LBS. (50 l)
Caloric value of 50 kg milk
Caloric value NutritionalComponent grams per gram (kcal) value (kcal)
Protein 2000 4 8000
Fat 1000 ( 2000*) 9 9000 (18,000)
Lactose 2500 4 10,000
* total fat TOTAL 27,000 (36,000)
• ~ 2480 kcal invested to produce 36,000 kcal product!
MATERNAL SUPPORT OF LACTATION
Leo Timms
Iowa State University
MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT
MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT
• INCREASED DIETARY NUTRIENTS- increased feed intake
- increased GIT size- increased GIT absorptive capacity
• USE OF BODY RESERVES
• COMBINATION
MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT
• INCREASED DIETARY NUTRIENTS• rodents
- increased feed intake 300 - 400%- limited capacity to use body reserves
• COMBINATION• cows, goats, pig - extensive
• humans, guinea pigs - minimal/modest• mostly adipose/ some protein + glycogen
MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT
•USE OF BODY RESERVES• Elephant seals
* single pup * 28 day lactation* Pup averages 10%/ day BW gain!
* mother doesn’t eat / drink for 28 days• 42% loss in maternal BW
•58% reduction in body fat content• 14 % reduction in body lean weight
Milk Production
• A peak daily milk yield of 15 pounds (about 2 to 2.5 gallons) is not unusual.
• Pigs can easily convert milk – 4.5 lbs of milk= 1 pound of pig
Example: Litter of 10 pigs • Avg. birth weight (3 pounds)• Avg. wean weight (25 pounds)• @ 6 weeks of age
• 10 pigs gain 22 pounds each (220 pounds of total gain)
• Require 990 pounds of milk!
MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT
•USE OF BODY RESERVES• Blue whales
* Mother weighs 80,000 kg initially* mother gains 40-55,000 kg (pregnancy)
* single calf * 2500 kg at birth * 7 month lactation
• calf gains 80 - 100 kg / day• mother produces 90 kg milk / day
* mother eats very little for 7 months
MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT
•USE OF BODY RESERVES• Blue whales
• How much energy goes into 90 kg whale milk?• Where do nutrients come from if it doesn’t eat?• What is the nutritional value of that 90 kg milk?
• EXTRA CREDIT #4• email answers to me• [email protected]
25 pointsDUE AFTER
SPRING BREAK