Military Psychology: Overview Dr. Steven J. Kass Dr. (Major) Alan Ogle.
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Transcript of Military Psychology: Overview Dr. Steven J. Kass Dr. (Major) Alan Ogle.
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Military Psychology:Overview
Dr. Steven J. Kass
Dr. (Major) Alan Ogle
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Military 101
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Rank / Grade
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Community
People
Family Members
Service members Family Community
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Military Psychology Defined
Military Psychology – The study and application of psychological principles and methods to the military environment.
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Employment in Military Psychology
Colleges/Universities Veteran’s Affairs (VA) Military Hospitals Defense Contractors DOD Labs Military Academies Consulting
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Military Psychology Objectives
Combat Readiness Selection & Training Treatment Human Performance
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History of Military Psychology
1855 – US Gov’t Hospital for Insane (St. Elizabeths) to treat military psychiatric patients
1878 – Wilhelm Wundt starts experimental psychology lab in Liepzig Germany
– Notable American student – James Cattell 1890 – James Cattell coined term “mental test”
– Promoted standarization of procedures and use of norms in studying individual differences
1892 – American Psychological Associated founded– 19 charter divisions (Military Psychology – Div 19)
1907 – Shepard Ivory Franz (civilian research psychologist at St. Elizabeths) developed routine psych screening for patients
1911 – Heber Butts – Navy medical officer at St. Elizabeths, published first protocol for psych screening of Navy recruits
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History of Military Psychology
WWI (1914-1918) - Robert Yerkes organized psychologists to test and classify recruits in war effort
– Army Alpha & Beta Projects (precursor to ASVAB)– Screened out individuals deemed mentally unfit– ASVAB given to over 1.5 million annually– Walter Dill Scott – proficiency testing for 83 military jobs– 1918 first Army billet for psychologist at Walter Reed
Hospital– Development of structured measures of psychopathology to
efficiently screen for mental abnormalities (led to psychiatry)
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History of Military Psychology
World War II (1939 – 1945)– ¼ of all US psychologists engaged in military
psych– 1941 Psychological Bulletin devoted entire issue
to Military Psych (prior to attack on Pearl Harbor)– Human Factors Psychology (Engineering Psych)
Design of advanced weapon systems Placement of controls in aircraft Design of instrument displays, consoles, protective
gear, combat info centers, communications equipment
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History of Military Psychology
1946 – VA Hospitals– Training programs to turn out clinical
psychologists to diagnose and treat veterans– APA approved pre-doctoral internships and post-
doctoral fellowships– Over 50% of WWII vets in hospital were there for
psychiatric reasons
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History of Military Psychology
Post WWII changes influences on Psychology– US funded Big 10 studies on Leadership (Illinois, Michigan,
Ohio State)– Milgram’s research on obedience– Zimbardo’s prison study– Kurt Lewin’s action research (to identify and solve problems
of minorities)– 1958 - Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA) – developed in response to Sputnik funded projects that led to such breakthoughs as:
– SIMNET – simulation networking– Virtual reality– ArpaNet - Internet
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Domains of Military Psychology
Selection, Classification, & Assignment Human Factors Environmental Factors Leadership Individual and Group Behavior Clinical & Consultative/Organizational Psych Training & Education Manpower Management Decision Making Support
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Military PsychologySpecialty Topics
Propaganda & Psychological Warfare Hostage Negotiation Women’s Role in the Military Prisoners of War (POWs)
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Military PsychologyStudent Involvement
Join APA Division 19 (student discounts) Read “Military Psychology” journal Conduct and Present Research in Mil Psy “Handbook of Military Psychology” Attend Conferences/Symposia DOD Internships/Co-ops (DOD largest
employer of psychologists)