Mili Meter Wave Communication
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MILLIMETRE WAVE COMMUNICATION Ch. S. Geethika
Crisshn Walia
Deepika
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Will we able to download large files at a rate of some Gbps?!
Is this possible?!
Yes!!
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IS IT SOMETHING NEW?
No!
Has been a part of history!
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• 1894-96 » Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose
•Radar •Military
•Automotive•Medical
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WHY NOW?!!!
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Not many green field bands left in low spectrum
Need for High data rates Increase efficiency of wireless
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WHY NOT OPTIMIZE?Spectrum can be optimized using techniques like OFDM, MIMO, multi-user diversity, etc.
Still, no control over the continuous overwhelming capacity demands!
Need space to accommodate the new users!
Reduced cost of transceivers used in commercial applications
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WHAT IS MILLIMETRE WAVE?
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SPECTRUM ALLOCATED FOR MMB
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PROPAGATIONFree Space Propagation – transmission loss, isotropic antenna
Material penetration loss Oxygen and water absorption Foliage absorption Rain absorption Diffraction – small Fresnel radii –can pass through narrow gaps - lower loss
Ground reflection
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NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
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REQUIREMENTS Propagation loss for omnidirectional transmission is significantly worse at higher carrier frequencies - directional antennas are preferred
Limited ability to diffract around obstacles and hence susceptible to blockage.
For sufficient Signal to Noise ratio, less bandwidth efficient modulation schemes are preferable
TDMA reduces interference between adjacent channels caused in FDMA
Phased array technique is best to compensate path loss.
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Usage of smaller cells (Pico, micro & femto cells) - require less power, lesser cost, smaller footprint- more frequency reuse.
PROBLEM: How to connect these base stations i.e., wired or wireless connections?
Wiring can create visual pollution
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Interferencelimited cellular network
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MMB OVERLAY ON CELLULAR
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HETEROGENOUSMMB+4G NETWORKS
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MMB IN-BAND DYNAMIC BACKHAULING
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WITH MODELS FOR BLOCKAGE EFFECTS
Takes care of the fact that high frequencies propagate in LOS
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ADVANTAGES Reliable and Faster wireless link
Higher reuse of spectrum
Increase in base station density
Minimized latency or lags
Accommodates VoIP & live data streaming
High directionality in sensing
No need of channelization of spectrum
Basic Modulation techniques are sufficient
High throughput
Better spatial resolution
Beamforming enhances the gain of the strongest paths while suppresses others
Immune to interference.
Higher data usageIncreased mobile-mobile communication
Establishing ad-hoc networks
Vehicular radiation and collision avoidance
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DISADVANTAGESSmaller component size, increasing the need for great precision in manufacturing Greater costs
Narrow beam widths problem in target search and acquisition
Smaller antennas store less energy in receiving system
lower sensitivityLimited communication range due to attenuationPoor foliage penetration
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APPLICATIONSRadio astronomyWireless backhaul Inter-satellite linkHigh resolution radarSecurity screeningAmateur radioMetro Network sources (MAN)Cellular Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)
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Inter-Vehicle Communication System
Transmitter & Receiver
Transmitter & Receiver
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FUTURE APPLICATIONS
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CONCLUSIONWireless take over magnetic and wired connections
By 2020, we will have devices above 100 GHz and data rates around 20 Gbps in 5G and 6G cellular networks --- hope so! ;)
A new frontier of researchThe Renaissance of wireless can lead us to…
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1,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000
To Zettabytes…
and beyond
BYTES
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REFERENCES
http://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/wireless/smart-antennas-could-open-up-new-spectrum-for-5g
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5783993