Milgram’s Baseline Procedure. 63% shock to the limit (STL)
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Transcript of Milgram’s Baseline Procedure. 63% shock to the limit (STL)
Milgram’s Baseline Procedure
Milgram’s Baseline Procedure
• 63% shock to the limit (STL)
Questions From Milgram’s Paradigm (1)
• Is blind obedience to authority a distinctly American characteristic?
• Did the ‘teacher’ enjoy shocking the ‘learner?’
• Does the status of the authority figure affect obedience?
Questions From Milgram’s Paradigm (2)
• Does the personality of the victim affect obedience?
• Are the personalities of the maximally obedient and maximally rebellious subjects different?
• How would a moral person respond in Milgram’s study?
Questions From Milgram’s Paradigm (3)
• Were Milgram’s results predictable?
• Why are Milgram’s results surprising?
• A naive belief in the relationship of morality to behavior
Ethical Criticisms of Milgram’s Work
• No true informed consent
• Participants experienced significant stress
• Long-term negative effects on self-worth
Milgram’s Response To Ethical Criticism
• Extensive debriefing• After session discovered learner was not harmed• Participants were free to leave• No evidence of permanent psychological harm
Follow-up of Milgram’s Participants
• 80% reported that they were “Very Glad” or “Glad” they participated.
• 15% had “No Strong Feelings”• Just over 1% were “Sorry” or “Very Sorry”• 80% said more research of this kind should be done. • 74% said they learned something of lasting value.
A Question Mark: The Cost of Ethics?
?
Joshua at Jericho
Salem Witch Trials
• In 1692, 20 were executed in Massachusetts
Turkish-Armenian Genocide
• 1.5 million of 2.5 million Armenians in Turkey were exterminated between 1915 and 1923.
• "Who, after all, speaks today of the annihilation of the Armenians?"
Holocaust
• Six million Jews (67% of Europe’s population) were exterminated
• Others: Roma, mentally retarded, mentally disturbed, 3 million Soviet POWs, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Communists, Socialists
Cambodia: Killing Fields
• Pol Pot and Khmer Rouge kill 1.7 million (21% of population)
Rwanda
• In 1994, within 100 days 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus are exterminated
Kosovo: Ethnic Cleansing
How To Get Good Men and Women To Murder Their Neighbors
• Get them to say:
• I hate or
• I would never