Milestone329 April, 2005

PT 103232

Milestone329 April, 2005

Cinema Statistics (Social & Economic Problems)

Very Bad (1); Bad (2); Sufficient (3)Good (4); Very Good (5); Excellent (6)

Mean & Standard Deviation

Left Center Right

1.3 ; 1.5 4.0 ; 2.0 1.7 ; 1.8

1.1 ; 1.5 4.8 ; 0.9 1.8 ; 1.6

0.6 ; 0.9 2.3 ; 2.4 0.8 ; 1.2

0.6 ; 0.8 1.0 ; 0.7 0.8 ; 0.9

Room activity / total rooms ratio in the 4 T/04:

23% for cinema auditorium (medium dimension)35% for cinema on shopping center (175 per session)44% for polyvalent room (313 seat per session)

Increase on room with minor dimensionMean room dimension: 216 seat

Increase on number of screens: + 11%Increase on number of seat: + 8,1%Increase on film sessions: + 19,8%

Decrease on number of spectators: - 11,1 %Decrease on ticket revenues: - 8,8%Ticket Mean Price: 4,1 euros

INE, 4T/2004

Questionnaire(40 spectators)

Public tolerable to spectator:

• Some public (4.6)• Few public (4.4)• Room almost empty (3.6; 1,6)• A lot of public (3.6; 1)• Full Room (2.0)

Ticket Reservation Aspects:

• Room Area (4.2)• Specific Localization (4.4)• Corridor proximity (2.7)• Occupancy (2)• Exit proximity (2)

Milestone329 April, 2005

Running costs (Efficiency Problem)

Annual Fuel Consumption = (cte * Annual Load) / (cte2 * HCE * UE) [litre/annum]

Annual Load = cte3 * (Degree-days) * FBC * FMO * FPO [MWh]

Building & system type (Thermal and Response Capacity)

Operation over 30 weeks per annum (October – April) for a 5 day week and occupation during 12 hours. Wall isolation considered adiabatic.

Inside design temperature: + 20ºC

Outside design temperature: -3º C

Heavyweight(*),

Intermittent

&

Slow Response System

Lightweight(*), Intermittent

&

Fast Response System

Heat conversion efficiency (HCE) 0.65 0.65

Utilization efficiency (UE) 0.93 0.93

Factor of building characteristic (FBC) 1.22 0.76

Factor of mode of operation (FMO) 0.81 0.41

Factor of period of occupation (FPO) 0.98 0.85

FBC * FMO * FPO 1.018 0.383

Annual Load Difference between the two structures - 64%

(*) Building Standard Weights (or Weight/unit of floor area):

146,5 kg/m2 (Light); 341,8 kg/m2 (medium); 634,7 kg/m2 (Heavy)

Milestone329 April, 2005

ACADS Technical Solutions

T T

T T

TTT

T

T

T

• Large Control Volume• High Thermal Capacity• High Room Preheat energy

ACADS - MultiZone Control:

• 8 Control Volume – “thermal isles”• 8 Low isle thermal capacities• 8 Low isle preheat energy• Room heated by isles

Prior Art - Single Zone Control:

Home

PDA

Ticket Office

Smart Phone

Load

Time

Predictive Thermal Load

Real Thermal Load

PLC

T

Alternative A Alternative B

Alternative C

Internet

T T

T T

TTT

T

T

266 m2 x 634,7 Kg/m2 > Σ Ai x 634,7 kg/m2

Milestone329 April, 2005

ACADS Impact on the Room Acclimatization

Part Occupancy

Total Occupancy

Classic HVAC Design

1. Operate only at total space (occupancy independent)2. Big reaction time3. Thermal steady state across time4. Thermal unnatural and neutral world5. Low performance and efficiency (part occupancy) 

Part Occupancy

Total Occupancy

ACADS Design

1. Operate on localized spaces (occupancy dependent); 2. Low reaction time;3. Excellent performance and efficiency (part occupancy);4. Richer space thermal experience;5. Symbolic and cultural role;6. Better sustainability;

Milestone329 April, 2005

Air MultiZone Supply System

Air Floor Return Plenum (FRP)

Eight Air Supply Plenums (SP)

Ceiling Return Plenum (CRP)

Connecting Chamber (CC)

FRPSP

SP

CRP

CC

Air Handling Units (AHU)

Ventilation Network (VN)

AHUVN

AHU1 – Rear Half Room

Fresh Air Supply (FAS)

AHU2 – Front Half Room

Air Exhaust (AE)

AHU1

AHU2

FAS

AE

Rear MultiZone Air Supply (RS)

Front MultiZone Air Supply (FS)

Air Seat Diffuser (ASD)

Air Supply Plenum (ASP)

Air Handling Unit (AHU1)

FS

RS

ASP

ASD

AHU1

ASD

AHU1

ASP

Equipment required to test different control alternatives:

• 8 zones to control, each one with a thermocouple;

• 8 zones to control, each one with a modulating damper;

• 2 PLC & instrumentation to control two VAV Air Handling Units;

• Communication between PLC and the ticket management PC;

• PLC expandable to experiment more alternatives or concepts during the development phase.

• Max Airflow: 3960 m3/h

• Insufflation ductwork:

Ø560, Ø400, Ø355 mm

• Suction ductwork:

Ø710, Ø560

• Exhaust ductwork:

• Ø710, Ø560 mm

AHU2 Ductwork sizing data

• Max Airflow: 5280 m3/h

• Insufflation ductwork:

Ø630, Ø355, Ø280 mm

• Suction ductwork:

Ø710, Ø560, Ø630, Ø560 mm

• Exhaust ductwork:

Ø710, Ø630 mm

AHU1 Ductwork sizing data:

Milestone329 April, 2005

RD opened

ED closed

TE

CC

Ventilation Reclaim – Winter Operation

Air Reclaim Damper (RD)

Thermal Energy (TE)

Air Exhaust Damper (ED)

Connecting Chamber (CC)

TE

FreshAir

ExhaustAir

To theRoom

From the

Room

Milestone329 April, 2005

Vent. Reclaim Plus – Winter Operation

Window (W) opened before/after film session:- Natural light;- Artificial light reduction;- A new experience.

Heat gained from spectator energy (HGSp)Heat gained from solar energy (HGSol)Heat reclaim from HGSp & HGSol balance

HGSpHGSol

TE

W W

FreshAir

ExhaustAir

To theRoom

From the

Room

SolarEnergy

Milestone329 April, 2005

Heat Exhaust/Free Cooling – Summer Op.

FreshAir

ExhaustAir

To theRoom

From the

Room

Milestone329 April, 2005

System Sizing & Energy Simulations

1. Hourly Analysis Program, version 4.22a, Carrier2. FlexAir, Carrier3. ….

ACADS

ACADS as a “MultiZone system without internal walls“

Milestone329 April, 2005

Collaborative Product Development

HVAC Designers &

Experts

Cinema Owners Sponsors HVAC Control Services

Milestone329 April, 2005