Claudia Adams, Neda Zdravkovic, Josta Heyligers EBLIP 8 presentation July 2015
Milan Zdravkovic, Miroslav Trajanovic, Ontological Framework for performance measurement of supply...
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Transcript of Milan Zdravkovic, Miroslav Trajanovic, Ontological Framework for performance measurement of supply...
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
Ontological Framework for
performance measurement of
supply chain operations
Milan Zdravković, Miroslav TrajanovićLaboratory for Intelligent Production Systems (LIPS), University of Niš, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Niš, ul. Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, Niš, Serbia; [email protected], [email protected]
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
• How to model supply chain processes ?• Conventional process modelling• Interaction modelling• Cooperative goals modelling
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
Intelligent agent
• an autonomous entity which observes and acts upon an environment and directs its activity towards achieving goals
• No work reported on the goal models
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
Traditional goal analysis
• A Goal may have “satisfied” or “denied” state
• A goal may be AND-decomposed to the sub-goals
• A goal may be OR-decomposed to the sub-goals
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
Problems of traditional goal analysis
• In arbitrary situations the goals are stated vaguely
• No partial fulfilment is possible to infer• The goals may have contradicting
states (meaning of states) in different contexts• Contradicting cooperative and individual
goals
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
Our approach to goal modeling
• Analysis of selected (relevant) approaches and models
• Development of a formal goal ontology, mapped to existing models
• Alignment of the formal goal ontology with a framework for formalization of the Supply Chain Operations, based on SCOR (Supply Chain Operations Reference)
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
Formal framework for supply chain operations
SCOR-FULL OWL
SCOR-SYS OWL
SCOR-KOS OWL
SCOR Native formats, Exchange
formats
DomainOntologies
Implicit semantics
Explicit semantics
Semantic enrichment
Formal models of design goals
Semantic applications
Enterprise Information
Systems
SCOR-based systems
SCOR-CFG OWL
SCOR-GOAL OWL
PRODUCT OWL
EIS database
LOCAL ONTOLOGY
EIS database
LOCAL ONTOLOGY
EIS database
LOCAL ONTOLOGY
SCOR- MAP
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
Some goal definitions
• a goal defines a set of desired behaviours, where behaviour is a temporal sequence of states (Lamsweerde and Letier)
• DOLCE Upper Ontology• a notion of goal relies upon desirability of some agent to
take action to obtain it. • Thus, the minimal constraint for a goal is that it is a
proper part of a plan• Dependent of the cognitive state of a particular physical
agent• In contrast to a notion of objective - the purpose of an agent,
physical or social
• the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behaviour intended to achieve it (WordNet)
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
Enterprise goals
• TOVE Ontology• Organizational goals are decomposed to the roles played by the agents• where every goal of a role is a sub-goal of some organizational goal
(axiom) and • every goal of a subdivision is also a goal of its division (axiom). • Achievement of the goal at specific time depends on the achievement
of its sub-goals – AND or OR-decomposed• The Enterprise Ontology
• A goal is a kind of purpose• Purpose is represented by the notion of State of Affairs (hold or not
hold) – description of a situation where one or more entities are participating in one or more relationships with one or more entities
• Extended Enterprise Modeling Language (EEML)• A goal expresses the wanted (or unwanted) state of affairs (either
current or future) in a certain context.• the goals can be
• AND- or OR-decomposed into sub-goals; • applied to (relevant for) tasks, meetings, roles and resources; • used for description of precondition or post-condition of a task; • used for description of a decision or an action rule.
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
Goals in System Requirements Engineering
• System requirements engineering (SRE) is the process of expression and refinement of goals
• Goal analysis in SRE• Identification, decomposition• Dependency analysis
• Precedence, obligation, thwarting• Obstacles and corresponding mitigation actions
identification• Elaboration
• Defensive and mitigation goals identification• Operationalization
• Goals are mapped to the state changing actions that accomplish it
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
Generic goal ontology
• simplistic approach, with objective to provide only the aggregates and basic rules for classification of the notions, • semantically described in related
ontologies (SCOR-FULL), • to achieve (and use) the competence to
the extent of other models (TOVE, Enterprise Ontology, EEML, SRE)
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
agent
goal
goal-set
and-goal-set
or-goal-set
ordered-goal-set
cooperative-goal
hasGoal
hasSubgoal
memberOf
memberOf
contributeTo
decomposedTo
decomposedTo
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
• hasState(?x, literal), isGoalOf(?x, ?a), agent(?a) -> goal(?x)• Goal is anything that has some state (is described by the state-
of-the-affairs) and is goal of some agent.• cooperative-goal≡goal∩isGoalOf.(≥ 2 agent)
• Goal is cooperative only if it is a goal of minimum 2 agents• precedes hasRange(Domain) goal∩memberOf.(and-goal-
set)• “precedes” relation can be set only between goals which are
part of and-goal-set• ordered-goal-set≡and-goal-set∩∀(hasMember.
(precedes.goal) ⋃ hasMember.(succeeds.goal))• Ordered goal set is and-goal-set whose all members are in
precedes or succeeds relationships with other goals of the same set
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
Where is data about specific goals ?SCOR-OWL – Implicit data
SCOR-FULL – Explicit data
SWRL MappingRules
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
Soft-goal (metrics) types (groups) in SCOR
• value, amount (quantity), costs of assets, functional costs (maintenance), functional assets, utilization, inventory cycles (attributed to assets),
• functional costs (acquisition, handling, accounting, packaging, disposal, distribution, forecasting, order management, planning, plant operating, etc.), costs of assets, costs of configured resources (e.g., obsolete inventory, inaccurate production rule details, etc.), costs of non-compliance or non-conformance, accuracy (cost),
• time/duration, velocity (responsiveness), • cycle times, frequency, functional (source, delivery,
etc.) times, accuracy, functional flexibility (flexibility)• accuracy of assets, functional (replenishment)
accuracy, conformance/compliance (reliability)
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
System for performance measurement of supply chains
• Based on semantic application for SC process configuration• exploits the SCOR-CFG
application ontology• generation of a SCOR
thread diagram• Application infers the
configuration of source, make and deliver processes, on basis of asserted product topology, participants and production strategies for each component
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
• Part of the process definitions are also performance metrics, namely – goal definitions, whose target states are set from the metrics module of the semantic application for SC configuration.
• Verification of the goals achievement, namely reaching the performance targets for each of the metrics is initiated by the web service invocation, embedded in the process definitions.
• Web service listener receives the requests for verification of the performance goal achievement and processes those.
• Semantic application (namely, goal verification web service) rates the overall performance attributes of the SC: reliability, responsiveness, costs, assets and flexibility
6th IWC TQM 2011, Belgrade
Ontological Framework for performance measurement of supply chain operations
Milan Zdravković, Miroslav TrajanovićLaboratory for Intelligent Production Systems (LIPS), University of Niš, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Niš, ul. Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, Niš, Serbia; [email protected], [email protected]
Thank you for your attention