Migration statistics in Eurostat - Definition, statistical production and dissemination
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Transcript of Migration statistics in Eurostat - Definition, statistical production and dissemination
Eurostat
Migration Statistics in Eurostat
Definitions, statistical production and dissemination
Giampaolo LanzieriEUROSTAT
Where are they produced within Eurostat?
Directorate F
Social Statistics
Unit F1
Social Indicators
Project:
Labour migration
Unit F2
Population and Migration
Team:
Demography, Migration and
Projections
Team:
Census and Managed Migration
Unit F3
Labour Market
Project:
EU-LFS ad-hoc module on migrants
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- All citizenships- Migration flows- Migrants stocks- Data providers: NSIs
- Only TCNs- Asylum, RP, EIL statistics- Integration (shared with F3)- Data providers: Home Affairs
Directorate C
National Accounts
Unit C5
Balance of Payments
Project:
Personal remittances
census data on migrants stocks
UN definitions
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Three EU legislative pillars
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862/2007Migration
1260/2013Demography
763/2008Pop. census
Who is a 'migrant'?
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Statistical capture of migration
• Usually considered 2 elements to identify a migration:• The crossing of a border (space)• The duration of stay abroad (time)
• Often neglected: the timing of the statistical measurement
Different implementation of the concept of 'stay'
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Reporting time and concepts of 'stay'
• Reporting time 1 (R1):• the person is included in the migration flow of the year t if the
intention of stay is of at least one year• Reporting time 2 (R2):
• the person is included if the intention of stay is of at least one year, or considering an actual stay of 6 months + 1 day (most of the year)
• Reporting time 3 (R3):• the person is included if the actual stay is of at least one
(continuous) year or, in default, based on the intention of staymeasured at earlier time
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time
1st half year t+1 2nd half year t+12nd half year t
R2 R3R1arrival
'Actual' vs. 'intended' stay
• The 'intended stay' should be a proxy of the 'actual stay' used when:• The timing of the reporting does not allow to
assess an actual stay of a year (R1 or R2 in the example before)
• The data source cannot capture the information on actual stay (e.g., survey of passengers at arrival)
• The 'intended stay' avoids the would-be migrant to remain in a 'statistical limbo' for a year
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The 'risk' of timeliness
Increasing need of timely information on 'would-be migrants'
Earlier reporting (towards 'real-time')
Larger use of 'intention of stay'
Higher risk of mismatch 'intended'-'actual' stay
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Confusing messages
• 'Media' language: • arrival = asylum seeker = refugee = migrant = …
• 'Statistical' language:• arrival ≠ asylum seeker ≠ refugee ≠ migrant ≠ …
• The farther one is from technicalities, the fuzzier become the distinctions
Need to use consistent terminology
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AS&R in migration statistics
• Variety of practices across MSs (Eurostat survey 2015)
• Recommended practice (consistent with international recommendations):• Inclusion in migration flows/stocks when the
actual stay is at least 12 months• Acceptable approximation: inclusion in migration
flows/stocks once granted protection ('refugee'), regardless of the length of actual stay
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Eurostat annual data collections
• R1: DEMOBAL (demographic balance)• R2: URESPOP (only UR total population)• R3: NOWCAST (latest monthly data)• R4: UNIDEMO (most comprehensive)• D4: validation/dissemination UNIDEMO
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Q1
time
year t
R1 R4R2stock R3 D4migration events
31.12 30.6 31.8
year t+1 year t+2
30.11 31.12
UNIDEMO data collection
• Mix of mandatory and voluntary data from 49 countries• Deadline for transmission by the data provider is at the
end of year t+1 for:• Migration flows occurred during year t• Migrants stocks at the end of year t (disseminated as
stocks on 1.1.t+1)
• Dissemination in about 8 weeks• Revisions possible at any time and for any year• Migration data more reliable from 2008 onwards (entry
into force of the EU Regulation)
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Volume of annual migration data
FOR EACH COUNTRY Nr of tables Figures collected of which mandatory
Migrants stocks 5 35 000 4 000
Immigration 11 102 000 5 000
Emigration 8 95 000 0
Acquisition of citizenship 2 31 000 16 000
Loss of citizenship 1 1 000 0
TOTAL 27 264 000 25 000
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Total processed figures per year: ≈ 13 millionsof which mandatory < 10%
Data collected on migrants stocks
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Nr of countries having provided data
Reference time 31.12.2014 ≡ 1.1.2015
Data collected on migration flows
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Reference year 2014
Nr of countries having provided data
Validation
• Extensive set of validation rules (cross-checking also with demographic variables) to be met before data transmission to Eurostat is allowed
• Additional checks in the production database• Interactive data visualization
• Metadata screening• Regular meetings with NSIs (Eurostat WG on
Population Statistics) with quality reporting• Every 3 years: official report to EP&C on quality
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Examples of doubtful cases
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Dissemination channels
• Direct dissemination:• Eurobase (Eurostat database)• Statistics Explained• News releases• Eurostat publications
• Users downloads Jan-Aug 2016: > 860 000• Indirect dissemination
• Open data portals (e.g., EU Open Data Portal)• Re-use by other institutions (publications, et.)
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Eurostat dissemination policy
• All users are treated equitably• Dissemination of statistics in a format convenient
for the widest range of users• Custom-designed analyses and extractions are
provided when feasible and made public• Access for everyone to the same information at
the same moment in time
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Copyright
• Eurostat has a policy of encouraging free re-use of its data, both for non-commercial and commercial purposes.
• All statistical data, metadata, content of web pages or other dissemination tools, official publications and other documents published on its website (with some exceptions http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about/our-partners/copyright), can be reused without any payment or written licence provided that:• the source is indicated as Eurostat;• when re-use involves modifications to the data or
text, this must be stated clearly to the end user of the information.
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Looking ahead - ongoing projects
• Re-engineering of the production system• Improvement metadata dissemination• Estimation of consistent bilateral migration flows / single
country estimates• Testing of migration forecasting models• Possibly additional breakdowns / circular migration• Identification best practices in data integration for
measuring migration (TF UNECE)• Critical review of population and migration definitions• Inclusion of harmonized migration variables in the core set
for EU social surveys
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Thank you for the attention!Do you wish to discuss it further? You are welcome to contact me at: [email protected]
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