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Migration and Development

What is at stake?

Tauhid PashaSenior Specialist, Labour Migration and Human

Development Division, Geneva

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IOM and migration & development (M&D)

“Making migration work for sustainable development for migrants, countries of origin and countries of destination”

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M&D: what is at stake?

• Migration matters today more than ever before

• Migration is relevant to all three pillars of sustainable development

• Governments increasingly recognize that migration is both inevitable and necessary and that it can contribute to inclusive and sustainable social and economic development

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Effects of migration on development

Migration is relevant to the •economic, •social and •environmental dimensions of sustainable development and to •peace and security.

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Migration dynamicsMigration dynamics

1 billion Migrants

7 billion 7 billion PopulationPopulation

232 million 232 million InternationalInternational

740 million 740 million InternalInternal

Feminization:Feminization: ca. 50%ca. 50%

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International Migrants in International Migrants in ContextContext

* Sources: World Bank

237 million

193 million

232 million*

Indonesia Indonesia

BrazilBrazil

International International MigrantsMigrants

4th

5th

Population: Between 4Population: Between 4thth and 5 and 5thth Largest Countries Largest Countries

Economic Contribution: Size of Large GDPs Economic Contribution: Size of Large GDPs

USD 434 billion

USD 379 billion

USD 414 billion*

Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia

AustriaAustria

Annual Migrant Annual Migrant RemittancesRemittances

23 rd.

24 th.

28 th.

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IV. Key findings: Comparing four pathways of migration

Most international

migrants move from

the South to the North or

between countries in the South

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More than half of the top 20 migration corridors are accounted for by people migrating from South to South

Top 20 migration corridors worldwide (migrant stock, in thousands), using the World Bank classification, 2010

Source: IOM calculations, based on UN DESA, 2012b.

8Source: IOM calculations, based on UN DESA, 2012b.

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Migration trends in EECA• While migrant stocks in the region seem to have been

stabilizing …• … other types of human mobility emerge (e.g. student

mobility)

Source: UN DESA, 2013, graph generated by IOM RO Vienna Source: UNESCO, 2011

International migrant stock, 1990 - 2013 Outbound mobile students, 2011

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Remittances inflows in EECA, 2012

• Considerable impact of remittances inflows on 5 EECA countries (above 10 % of GDP)

Source: World Bank, Oct. 2013, graph generated by IOM RO Vienna

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Post 2015 development agenda

2015 deadline for achievement of millennium development goals

Safe orderly migration = development gains

Forced or unplanned migration = negative repercussions for human development

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Migration as an enabler of development

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Improving development outcomes

1.Promoting the integration of migration within development processes at national/regional/global levels.

2.Protecting & promoting the human rights of all migrants – including undocumented, stranded, stateless or otherwise vulnerable migrants.

3.Supporting inter-State, multi-stakeholder consultation and cooperation on migration, especially by providing knowledge and expertise

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Effective approaches

1.Mainstreaming migration into development processes.

2.Development at a local level.

3.Diaspora engagement

4.Ethical recruitment standards

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HLD Round Table Recommendations:Assessing the effects of international migration on sustainable development and identifying relevant priorities in view of the preparations of the post-2015

development framework

• Include migration in the post-2015 UN Development Agenda as part of a new global partnership for development and/or as a cross-cutting “enabler”

• Mainstream migration into development and broader sectoral planning – especially labour market policy, health and human rights protection – at local, national and global levels and both in developing and developed countries.

• Embark on an inclusive process of mainstreaming migration into development and other policy sectors, with participation by all relevant ministries and government agencies, civil society, academia, and diaspora organizations; led by designated institutions or coordination bodies equipped with the necessary capacities.

• Raise the quality of research and data collection on migration and invest in more systematic evaluation and impact assessments of migration policies and migration and development initiatives, including through comparable indicators and data on migration, and on the nexus between migration and development.

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Thank you