Migrating to Amazon RDS via Xtrabackup - Percona t… · AWS Aurora Features ... Migrating to...

Santa Clara California | April 23th ndash 25th 2018

Migrating to Amazon RDS via Xtrabackup

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Who are we

Agustiacuten Gallego Support Engineer - Percona

Alexander Rubin Principal Consultant - Percona

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Agenda

XtraBackup Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) Pros and Cons of Migrating to RDS Migrating to RDS via XtraBackup Limitations

XtraBackup

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Introduction to XtraBackup

XtraBackup is a free and open source hot backup tool for MySQL Percona Server and MariaDB are also

supported Implements functionality in MySQL

Enterprise Backup (InnoDB Hot Backup) and more

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Supports hot (lockless) backups for InnoDB and XtraDB Locking backups for MyISAM Packaged for Linux operating systems only

DEB and RPM packages available Generic Linux tarball and source code

Main features Incremental and compressed backups Backup locks (as an alternative to FTWRL) Encrypted backups Streaming Ability to export individual tables and partitions

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There are three main phases Backup

Copies all files needed Apply logs

Performs a crash recovery to leave in a consistent state Copy back

Moves the files to their final destination

Enough permissions at OS and MySQL levels required well use root accounts but there is more in-depth documentation on this

How does it work

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shellgt cd varlibmysql shellgt du -h --max-depth=1 636K performance_schema 18M mysql 31G test 32G

shellgt xtrabackup --defaults-file=etcmycnf --backup --target-dir=backupsfull

Full backup - example

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shellgt xtrabackup --defaults-file=etcmycnf --backup --compress --target-dir=backupscompressed

Compressed backup - example 1

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shellgt xtrabackup --defaults-file=etcmycnf --backup --compress --stream=xbstream gt backupscompressedbackupxbstream


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shellgt xtrabackup --defaults-file=etcmycnf --backup --incremental-basedir=backupsfull --target-dir=backupsincremental

Incremental backup - example

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shellgt xtrabackup --defaults-file=etcmycnf --backup --parallel=8 --compress --compress-threads=8 --stream=xbstream gt backupscompressed_parallel_backupxbstream

Parallel compressed backup - example

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Full took 9 min 20 sec resulting size 32 Gb

Compressed took 7 min 40 sec resulting size 84 Gb (original 32 Gb)

Incremental took 5 min 40 sec resulting size 62 Gb

Parallel + compressed took 3 min 40 sec resulting size 84 Gb (original 32 Gb)

Differences between them

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shellgt xtrabackup --defaults-file=etcmycnf --backup --stream=tar | gzip -c | split -d --bytes=10GB - backupscompressedcompressed_backuptargz

`split` will come handy afterwards when we discuss limitations `gzip` is also very slow since it uses one processor to compress

use pigz instead of gzip

Yet another compressed backup example

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gzip

pigz

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Logical backup mysqldump text file with commands to restore Physical backup copied files Main differences restore time

Much faster with binary backup ie xtrabackup

Logical vs Binary Backups

Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS)

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What is RDS Aurora

Web Service targeted to easily setup operate scale

Features rapid provisioning scalable resources high availability automatic admin tasks

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AWS Aurora Features

Storage Auto-Scaling (up to 64Tb) Replication

Amazon Aurora replicas share the same underlying volume as the primary instance up to 15 replicas

MySQL based replicas Scalability for reads

can autoscale and add more read replicas High Availability

Amazon Aurora automatically maintains six copies of your data across three Availability Zones (AZs)

Automatically attempt to recover

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Read Scaling with RDS Aurora

RDS MySQL same as MySQL adding MySQL replication slaves

Aurora MySQL Read replicas (aurora specific) - not based on MySQL replication MySQL replication (for cross-datacenter replication)

Pros and Cons of Migrating to RDS

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Easy to manage Minor upgrades automatically handled Backups automatically handled Less DBA work Less things to worry about (OS config replication setup etc)

Pros of Migrating to RDS

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RDS Aurora for MySQL

Aurora MySQL additional features Low latency read replicas Load balancer for reads built-in Instant add column faster GIS etc

Aurora MySQL preview Aurora Multi-Master adds the ability to scale out write performance across multiple

Availability Zones Aurora Serverless automatically scales database capacity up and down to match

your application needs Amazon Aurora Parallel Query improves the performance of large analytic queries

by pushing processing down to the Aurora storage layer spreading processing across hundreds of nodes

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Cons of Migrating to RDS

Instance type limits Instances offer up to 32 vCPUs and 244 GiB Memory

Less control over the server More expensive than using EC2 (can be 3x more expensive) Aurora MySQL - single-threaded workload can be much slower

Migrating to RDS via XtraBackup

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Announcement

httpsawsamazoncomabout-awswhats-new201711easily-restore-an-amazon-rds-mysql-database-from-your-mysql-backup

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Take XtraBackup backup from instance Upload to S3 bucket Create new RDS instance using the backup

IAM account used should have access to S3

General Steps to Migrate

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It is also possible to do 1 and 2 in one step but if it fails you will have to restart all of it

shellgt xtrabackup --defaults-file=etcmycnf --backup --stream=tar | aws s3 cp - s3rdsmigrationperconalive18backuptar


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Use XtraBackup 23 latest patch version if possible

The innobackupex script is deprecated Choose timing wisely

even if it is a hot backup tool it will lock for some time Use the options from the documentation

parallel compressed compress-threads

Taking the Backup

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shellgt xtrabackup --defaults-file=etcmycnf --backup --target-dir=backupsfull2018_04_23 ltoutput trimmedgt 180423 161725 [00] done xtrabackup Transaction log of lsn (181862656397) to (181862656397) was copied 180423 161725 completed OK

Taking the Backup

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shellgt time aws s3 cp backupsfull2018_04_23 s3rdsmigrationperconalive18full2018_04_23 --recursive ltoutput trimmedgt upload backupsfull2018_04_23xtrabackup_checkpoints to s3rdsmigrationperconalive18full2018_04_23xtrabackup_checkpoints upload backupsfull2018_04_23xtrabackup_info to s3rdsmigrationperconalive18full2018_04_23xtrabackup_info upload backupsfull2018_04_23xtrabackup_logfile to s3rdsmigrationperconalive18full2018_04_23xtrabackup_logfile

real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Can also be done via web GUI

Uploading to S3

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Uploading backups to S3

Full 6 min 38 sec 32 Gb

Incremental 1 min 32 sec 62 Gb

Compressed 1 min 50 sec 84 Gb

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Creating the new RDS instance

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How much time will it take to restore

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Using an incremental backup

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S3 folder path is empty because we will use all contents

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Using a compressed backup

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Use a command like the following (seen in slide 13) Upload all generated files to one folder Use that folder as S3 folder path prefix


Using a split backup

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Using the aws CLI command

shellgt aws rds restore-db-instance-from-s3

--db-instance-identifier rdsmigrationpl18cli

--db-instance-class dbt2large

--engine mysql

--source-engine mysql

--source-engine-version 5639

--s3-bucket-name rdsmigrationperconalive18

--s3-ingestion-role-arn arnawsiam123456789012userusername

--allocated-storage 100

--master-username rdspl18usercli

--master-user-password rdspl18usercli

--s3-prefix compressed_split_backup

Limitations

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Only Perconas XtraBackup is supported it may work with forks but

Source databases should all be contained within the datadir Only MySQL 56 versions are allowed There is a 6 Tb size limit Encryption is only partially supported

only restore to an encrypted RDS instance is allowed source backup cant be encrypted nor the S3 bucket

The S3 bucket has to be in the same region

Limitations

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Importing to a dbt2micro instance class is not supported it can be changed later

S3 limits file size to 5 Tb it can be split into smaller files alphabetical and natural number orders are used

RDS limits the number of files on the S3 bucket to 1M they can be merged with targz

The following are not imported automatically Users Functions Stored Procedures Time zone information

Limitations

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Limitations

Migrating to previous versions is not supported Partial restores are not supported Import is only available for new DB instances No partial backups supported

--databases --tables --databases-file --tables-file Corruption on source server is not detected if any due to being physical

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Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

2

Who are we

Agustiacuten Gallego Support Engineer - Percona

Alexander Rubin Principal Consultant - Percona

3

Agenda


XtraBackup

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How does it work

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gzip

pigz

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What is RDS Aurora



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AWS Aurora Features







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Announcement


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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

3

Agenda


XtraBackup

5





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7






How does it work

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9




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gzip

pigz

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What is RDS Aurora



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AWS Aurora Features







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Announcement


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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

XtraBackup

5





6





7






How does it work

8




9




10




11




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13






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15


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gzip

pigz

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What is RDS Aurora



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AWS Aurora Features







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Announcement


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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

5





6





7






How does it work

8




9




10




11




12



13






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15


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gzip

pigz

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What is RDS Aurora



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AWS Aurora Features







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Announcement


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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

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7






How does it work

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gzip

pigz

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What is RDS Aurora



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AWS Aurora Features







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Announcement


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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

7






How does it work

8




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gzip

pigz

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What is RDS Aurora



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AWS Aurora Features







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Announcement


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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

8




9




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gzip

pigz

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What is RDS Aurora



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AWS Aurora Features







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Announcement


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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

9




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13






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15


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gzip

pigz

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19

What is RDS Aurora



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AWS Aurora Features







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Announcement


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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

10




11




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13






14





15


16


gzip

pigz

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19

What is RDS Aurora



20

AWS Aurora Features







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Announcement


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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

11




12



13






14





15


16


gzip

pigz

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19

What is RDS Aurora



20

AWS Aurora Features







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Announcement


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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

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13






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15


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gzip

pigz

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19

What is RDS Aurora



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AWS Aurora Features







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Announcement


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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

13






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15


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gzip

pigz

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19

What is RDS Aurora



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AWS Aurora Features







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Announcement


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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

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15


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gzip

pigz

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19

What is RDS Aurora



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AWS Aurora Features







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Announcement


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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

15


16


gzip

pigz

17





19

What is RDS Aurora



20

AWS Aurora Features







21





23



24







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27

Announcement


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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

16


gzip

pigz

17





19

What is RDS Aurora



20

AWS Aurora Features







21





23



24







25





27

Announcement


28




29





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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

17





19

What is RDS Aurora



20

AWS Aurora Features







21





23



24







25





27

Announcement


28




29





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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

32


real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You


19

What is RDS Aurora



20

AWS Aurora Features







21





23



24







25





27

Announcement


28




29





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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

20

AWS Aurora Features







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Announcement


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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

21





23



24







25





27

Announcement


28




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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You


23



24







25





27

Announcement


28




29





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Taking the Backup

31


Taking the Backup

32


real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

24







25





27

Announcement


28




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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

25





27

Announcement


28




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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

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real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You


27

Announcement


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Taking the Backup

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Taking the Backup

32


real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations

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Limitations



copy

Questions

69

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Thank You

28




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Taking the Backup

31


Taking the Backup

32


real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

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Uploading to S3

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

29





30





Taking the Backup

31


Taking the Backup

32


real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

33


Uploading to S3

34





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--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

30





Taking the Backup

31


Taking the Backup

32


real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

33


Uploading to S3

34





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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

31


Taking the Backup

32


real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

33


Uploading to S3

34





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--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

32


real 6m15868s

Uploading to S3

33


Uploading to S3

34





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--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

33


Uploading to S3

34





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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

34





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--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

35


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--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

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--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

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--engine mysql









Limitations

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Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

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Thank You

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--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

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--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

40


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--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

41


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--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

42


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--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

43


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--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

44


45


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50


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61


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63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

45


46


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48


49


50


51


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61


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63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

46


47


48


49


50


51


52


53


54


55


56


57


58


59


60



61


62




63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

47


48


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55


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57


58


59


60



61


62




63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

48


49


50


51


52


53


54


55


56


57


58


59


60



61


62




63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

49


50


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53


54


55


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63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

50


51


52


53


54


55


56


57


58


59


60



61


62




63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

51


52


53


54


55


56


57


58


59


60



61


62




63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

52


53


54


55


56


57


58


59


60



61


62




63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

53


54


55


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57


58


59


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61


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63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

54


55


56


57


58


59


60



61


62




63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

55


56


57


58


59


60



61


62




63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

56


57


58


59


60



61


62




63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

57


58


59


60



61


62




63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

58


59


60



61


62




63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

59


60



61


62




63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

60



61


62




63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

61


62




63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

62




63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

63





--engine mysql









Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

Limitations

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

65





Limitations

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

66





Limitations

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

67

Limitations



copy

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

Questions

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

69

Rate Our Session

Thank You

Thank You

Migrating to Amazon RDS via Xtrabackup - Percona t… · AWS Aurora Features ... Migrating to...

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Transcript of Migrating to Amazon RDS via Xtrabackup - Percona t… · AWS Aurora Features ... Migrating to...