Migrating Macro Cell Antenna Systems to LTE Advanced Macro Cell Antenna Systems to LTE Advanced...

Migrating Macro Cell Antenna Systems to LTE Advanced Antenna Systems 2013 December 13, 2013 Las Vegas, NV Keith Radousky CTO – Americas

Copyright © 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

Agenda

• Wireless Subscribers Ravenous for More Bits!

• More Spectrum

• Carriers are Scrambling to Deploy Add Capacity

• Deploying Small Cells/DAS vs. Increasing Macrocell Capacity

• Quintel Overview – MultiPort Antennas and Passive Beamsterring

• LTE Advanced - 2Tx-2Rx to 8Tx-8Rx

• Tower-top Evolution - Active, Integrated and Passive Antennas



The Capacity Crunch

• The Capacity crunch

• We are all aware of it

• By 2025 there may be 50x, 500x increase?

• How is it solved? – More Spectrum (~3x increase by 2025)

– More Spectral Efficient access tech (~3x increase by

2025)

– More Spectral re-use/denser topologies (~?x increase)

– Pricing mechanisms

• Small Cells are the acknowledged answer in the

form of DAS, Femtos, Picos, etc and part of a

HetNet.

• But the Macro Layer won’t be replaced by Small

Cell Layer, so how can the Macro layer evolve

and be prepared for the Capacity crunch?

Source: Verizon

How do we

close the gap?

Shannon’s Limit has

essentially been reached;

this is all Spatial

Multiplexing/MIMO



Cellular Mobile Spectrum Evolution

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1400

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

1990 GSM/GPRS/EDGE

1998

2004

UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+

2020

White Space/Interleaved

Spectrum 8x8 MIMO, CoMP, ICIC.

Elevation Beamforming

Azimuth Beamforming

2012

LTE FDD Rel 8/9/10/11

2x2 MIMO and Tx Div.

Receive Div. Only

2016

TD-LTE Rel 8/9/10/11

4x4 MIMO, CoMP.

Azimuth Beamforming

U900 to

GSM-R

LTE

to

CH60

Airport

Radar

GPS

DTV

Radio

Mics

FDD

-

TDD

• More and more spectrum bands becoming available

• Re-farming of existing spectrum

• Creation of more and more Inter-System boundaries (and of dissimilar network topologies)

• Wider bandwidth Transmissions, with increased spectral occupancy (1:1 spectrum re-use schemes)

• Creates more Inter-System Interference issues to deal with

• Creates more Intra-System Interference issues too, via Passive Inter-Modulation (PIM)



Space Efficiency Techniques

Multi-array

Multi-Port

Combiners

How the Base Station Antenna has evolved

Source: 3G Americas; 3G & 4G Antenna Deployment

Point of Flux:

Reconfigurable?

Active?

Adaptive?

More Bands?

2012?

Spectral Efficiency Techniques

Spectral and

Space

Efficiency

Mutually

Exclusive



MIMO Spectral Efficiency Evolution in LTE

ULA

number

of

sources

average

relative

gain

smallest

relative

gain

largest

relative

gain

CS/CB SU-MIMO 2x2 vs. SU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 2 Cell avg 4.03% 2.15% 5.90%

Cell-edge 4.42% 2.41% 6.42%

CS/CB SU-MIMO 4x2 vs. SU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 4 Cell avg 5.32% 2.69% 7.11%

Cell-edge 20.64% 5.94% 45.67%

CS/CB MU-MIMO 2x2 vs. MU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 2 Cell avg 4.07% 2.77% 5.37%

Cell-edge 8.93% 4.40% 13.46%

> 9 cells 1 Cell avg 5.66% 5.66% 5.66%

Cell-edge 25.08% 25.08% 25.08%


Cell-edge 12.22% 5.83% 21.63%

> 9 cells 2 Cell avg 2.29% -0.65% 5.24%

Cell-edge 21.76% 21.05% 22.47%

JT SU-MIMO 2x2 vs. SU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 3 Cell avg 1.55% -1.61% 3.61%

Cell-edge 19.84% 12.84% 29.82%


Cell-edge 13.49% 9.48% 16.83%

JT MU-MIMO 2x2 vs. MU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 3 Cell avg 13.53% 3.21% 20.27%

Cell-edge 40.50% 20.00% 64.18%

JT MU-MIMO 4x2 vs. MU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 5 Cell avg 11.40% -1.58% 37.26%

Cell-edge 28.87% 9.56% 50.87%

> 9 cells 1 Cell avg -9.15% -9.15% -9.15%

Cell-edge 34.34% 34.34% 34.34%

cross-polarized antenna

number

of

sources

average

relative

gain

smallest

relative

gain

largest

relative

gain

CS/CB SU-MIMO 2x2 vs. SU-MIMO 2x2 1 Cell avg 1.46% 1.46% 1.46%

Cell-edge 2.86% 2.86% 2.86%

CS/CB SU-MIMO 4x2 vs. SU-MIMO 4x2 5 Cell avg 5.65% 1.81% 11.27%

Cell-edge 16.68% 3.21% 30.78%


Cell-edge 5.17% 4.04% 7.14%

> 9 cells 2 Cell avg 0.86% -0.47% 2.20%

Cell-edge 15.21% 13.13% 17.29%

CS/CB MU-MIMO 4x2 vs. MU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 7 Cell avg 3.63% -0.58% 7.26%

Cell-edge 11.66% 2.99% 26.18%

> 9 cells 2 Cell avg 1.09% -1.08% 3.26%

Cell-edge 17.32% 13.64% 20.99%

JT SU-MIMO 2x2 vs. SU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 2 Cell avg 2.19% 0.16% 4.21%

Cell-edge 14.80% 11.03% 18.57%


Cell-edge 21.78% 6.77% 50.83%


Cell-edge 40.72% 9.52% 88.37%

> 9 cells 1 Cell avg 3.57% 3.57% 3.57%

Cell-edge 18.57% 18.57% 18.57%


Cell-edge 31.35% 10.67% 80.70%

> 9 cells 1 Cell avg 6.86% 6.86% 6.86%

Cell-edge 18.18% 18.18% 18.18%

DCS SU-MIMO 2x2 vs. SU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 2 Cell avg 1.69% 0.26% 3.13%

Cell-edge 2.01% 0.00% 4.01%

DCS SU-MIMO 4x2 vs. SU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 1 Cell avg 18.33% 18.33% 18.33%

Cell-edge 41.04% 41.04% 41.04%

JT: Joint Transmission (Multi-Cell Tx)

CS/CB: Co-ordinated Scheduling & Beamforming

2x2 Single User MIMO

R8

2012

3GPP Study item in release 11 LTE

3GPP TR 36.819 V11.0.0 (2011-09)

captures these simulation results.

CoMP/ICIC techniques in particular

improve cell edge performances.

Slow but steady evolution in Spectral

Efficiencies, at the expense of

complexity.

2x2 Multi User MIMO

R9

Dual Layer Beamforming (R9)

Azimuth Plane Coherent

Beamforming

Emphasis on UE

only having 2x

Antennas

4x2 Single User/Multi Cell MIMO (CoMP)

R10

2015

Tx1

Higher-order

Azimuth Plane

Coherent

Beamforming

Tx2

4x2 Multi User/Multi Cell MIMO (CoMP)

R11

2018

Tx1

Tx2

1.4

1.8 2.3

2.5 2.7 3.5

3.0 3.4 4.0

Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz)



What is an Active Antenna? D

istr

ibutio

n N

etw

ork

Dis

tributio

n N

etw

ork

Integrated RRH/

Passive Antenna

Distributed

Amplifiers

Distributed Transceivers

with Sub-Array

Quin

tel C

orp

ora

te F

eed Q

uin

tel C

orp

ora

te F

eed

Distributed Transceivers

with Sub-Array (with Quintel inside)

Quin

tel C

orp

ora

te F

eed Q

uin

tel C

orp

ora

te F

eed

Integrated RRH/Passive

Antenna (with Quintel inside)

What is an Active Antenna?

• Integrated RRH/Passive

Antenna

– Possibly with some level of

redundancy

• Distributed Amplifiers

– 1 amplifier per element

• Distributed Tranceivers with

Sub-Array

– 1 amplifier per element pair (or

more)

• Active/Passive Combinations

Quintel offers the

capability to

integrate with a

- 4T4R RRH, or

- External RRH, or

- Ground based eNB

Quintel combined with Distributed

Transceivers can increase tilt

range 2 – 3 times over differential

input



Antenna Hardware Evolution?

• There are Active Antennas which are purely active, offering 1x

box at the top of the mast.

• Then, there’s a roadmap for Active Antennas which also will

promise adaption of the (vertical) beam pattern on a per

Physical Resource Block (PRB) or user resolution basis.

• The latter being a focus of a lot of OEM vendors right now; fits

with slim line antennas for Western markets.

• Quintel are offering a complimentary solution delivering smart

(adaptive) coherent Beamforming in radio channels where full

complex vector control of each antenna element isn’t

necessary.

Baseband/D

AC

/RF

Sta

ges

Optical F

ibre

Active Adaptive

Antenna

Baseband

Server

Innovation:

Quintel

Multi-Band Capable

Offers Active/Smart

antenna type features

Completely Passive

Optical F

ibre

Baseband

Server

Quin

tel C

orp

ora

te F

eed

BB-RF

Dual-PA

IRU

Full Complex vector control at

each element

(Fully Active Adaptive Array)



• Privately held spin out from QinetiQ UK (formerly the UK Defence Research Agency)

• Over 100 patents globally

• HQ in Rochester, NY, USA

• Additional R&D centre in California, and sales offices in UK (EMEA) and Mumbai

• Shipping innovative product for over 5 years with 6 operators and 3 continents

MultiServTM Product Family

Multiband/Multi-Port Antenna Products

SONWavTM Product Family

Passive Beamforming Antenna Products

Space Efficient Mast Solutions

PIM Efficient Solutions

Spectrally Efficient Mast Solutions



How Quintel QTiltTM Technology Works

19

A

1

9

A

Qu

inte

l C

orp

ora

te F

eed

N

etw

ork

(+

45

o)

AWS PCS T

x/R

x

Tx/R

x

+45

PCS

+45

AWS

Quintel VET Principle (2x Tilts)

PCS AWS

Po

wer

Div

idin

g N

etw

ork

Actuator

Base Station

Standard VET Antenna

Tx/R

x

Phase slope

across array

(–q to +q )

Max Tilt

Min Tilt

Mid Tilt

Phase slope

across array

(–q to +q )

Single Phase

Difference

(–f to +f )

Qu

inte

l C

orp

ora

te F

eed

N

etw

ork

(+

45

o)

Tx/R

x

Quintel VET Principle

Max Tilt

Min Tilt

Mid Tilt

Base Station



TODAY - Two Antenna/Sector Sites – Add LTE 2T4R 700/AWS 2G/3G Independent Tilt with Spatial/Polar Diversity

Tx/R

x

Tx/R

x

Tx/R

x

UMTS850

UMTS1900

Tx/R

x

Tx/R

x

Tx/R

x

Tx/R

x

GSM1900 GSM850

19 19 8 8

19 19 8 8

Fiber

LTE 700 LTE AWS

8 19 8 19

8 19 8 19

Tx/R

x

QS6658-1

Tilt per Band 700/AWS

Tilt per Pol 850/1900



4-Port Beamforming

CLA-2X

4-Port

Antenna

Tx Pattern

Adaptive (per UE)

Rx Patterns

4x Rx Branches at Baseband

MRC or IRC (per user)

S S

Tx

/Rx

2T4R

Rx

Tx

/Rx

Rx

Tx Pattern

Adaptive (per UE)

Rx Patterns

4x Rx Branches at Baseband

MRC or IRC (per user)

Logically

Equivalent

Tx

/Rx

2T4R

Rx

Tx

/Rx

Rx

Crude Azimuthal Beamforming Elevation Beamforming (Tilting)

Dual X-Polar sonWav



Uplink throughput for Azimuth (CLA-2X) and

Elevation (Quintel) plane adaptive Beamsteering

Quintel technology has developed a novel antenna design which effectively introduces a new

4x port Base Station antenna option for consideration. It is logically the same as the CLA-2X

antenna configuration but performs coherent Beamsteering on a per UE or UE group basis in

the Elevation plane, rather than Azimuth plane, and is based on a completely passive

traditional column array, rather than an Active phased Array solution.



Qu

inte

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ora

te F

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N

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(+

45

o)

Corp

ora

te F

ee

d

Netw

ork

s

Qu

inte

l C

orp

ora

te F

eed

N

etw

ork

(-4

5o)

Ph

ase

Sh

ifte

rs

T R T T R T

Dynamic

(adaptive) tilting

(per user) for

LTE Uplink

Independent

Static Tilt for

LTE Downlink

+45 -45

LTE eNB (2T/4R Configuration)

T R T R

RxD3 RxD4

R

A Solution for Spectral Efficiency SONWav - Adaptive Elevation Beamforming (Uplink only)

Tx/Rx2 Tx/Rx1

• Connecting a 2T4R Base Station as shown with 4-way

Maximal Ratio Combiner (MRC), rather than usual 2-

way MRC.

• MRC algorithm simply applies weights and phase

delays to the 4x Rx inputs to maximize C/I, and will do

this on a per channel (per user) basis at baseband.

• Applying phase delays to within each of the Rx

differential pairs is simply creating a coherent beam

(tilt) toward/from each user/terminal, and then applying

phase/weights between +45 and -45 is then standard

2-way Rx diversity.

LTE Downlink LTE Uplink (Adaptive)

T R

4-Way

MRC

T R

S

R




Qu

inte

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orp

ora

te F

eed

N

etw

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(+

45

o)

Corp

ora

te F

ee

d

Netw

ork

s

Qu

inte

l C

orp

ora

te F

eed

N

etw

ork

(-4

5o)

LTE (R9+)

4T4R

+45A +45B -45A -45B

Beamforming

in Elevation

across each

A&B ports

Spatial Multiplexing

up to Rank 2 across

+45 and -45 BF pairs

Dynamic

Beamform/Tilting

for LTE

Interference

UE

A Solution for Spectral Efficiency SONWav - Adaptive Elevation Beamforming (Up & Downlink)

4T4R eNodeB

(giving adaptive coherent

Beamforming)

LTE (10MHz) Throughput vs. Distance Scatter Plot (Central Cells/Int Tilts)

(Mech Tilt = 3o, Elec Tilt=2

o, Bin Size = 10m, Boresight +/- 30

o)

Sites without Traffic EDT=7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 100 200 300 400 500

Distance (m)

Th

rou

gh

pu

t (M

bp

s)Original Throughput

Optimised Throughput

LTE 2GHz/20MHz 2x2 Config

Flat Earth 3x19 cell geometry

(25m Ht x 500m Cell Radii)

Monte-Carlo Simulation

Mbps (y) vs. Dist in m (x)

Blue – No Elevation BF

Red – With Elevation BF



First Operator SONWav Trials

Shows 30% LTE Uplink Throughput gains

SONWav demonstrated ~30%

increase in Uplink throughput gains

on average and ~80% cell edge gains

Rx

Rx

Tx/R

x

Tx/R

x

2T4R

X-Polar SONWav

Tx/R

x

Tx/R

x

2T2R

Single

X-Polar

Array 2T2R

Same size antenna array

AWS Band/10MHz LTE

North American Op

• AWS Band (2100/1700MHz)

• Trial Sites ~28m and 30m Heights

• Inter Site Distance ~1.1km

• Two Sectors “facing each other” tested

• LTE service tested



Static UE Static UE Static UE


Static UE

Second Operator SONWav Trials (MU-MIMO) Shows 35% LTE Uplink Throughput gains

Static UE Static UE



Second Operator SONWav Trials (Inter-Cell Rejection) Shows 80% LTE Uplink Throughput gains at Cell Edges




Qu

inte

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ora

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eed

N

etw

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(+

45

o)

Corp

ora

te F

ee

d

Netw

ork

s

Qu

inte

l C

orp

ora

te F

eed

N

etw

ork

(-4

5o)

Ph

ase

Sh

ifte

rs

8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7

UMTS 850

LTE700

4xTx/Rx

+45 -45

Dynamic

Beamform/Tilting

for LTE700

RET for 850

2xTx/Rx

Quintel Elevation Beamforming Antenna Legacy support plus Adaptive Elevation Beamforming

• SONWav supports existing 2T2R services using

RET, with Quintel’s MultiServTM technology

• SONWav supports 4T4R Base Stations for future

LTE Downlink Adaptive Beamforming

Transmission Modes.

• Example left illustrates both a 4T4R base

station plus legacy 2T2R base station to

deliver:

– Conventional RET based tilt for UMTS 850 services

– SONWav Beamforming in elevation for LTE700



And



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ora

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eed

N

etw

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(+

45

o)

Corp

ora

te F

ee

d

Netw

ork

s

Qu

inte

l C

orp

ora

te F

eed

N

etw

ork

(-4

5o)

Ph

ase

Sh

ifte

rs

9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8

GSM900, UMTS900

LTE800

4xTx/Rx

+45 -45

Dynamic

Beamform/Tilting

for LTE800

RET for 900

2xTx/Rx

• One 4T4R plus one 2T2R base station

example shown

• Quintel advantage is that a single column array lends itself

to dual-array (dual-band) topology readily. A side-by-side

column array (conventional Azimuthal Beamforming) may

prove difficult to make dual-band.

• Quintel can also offer our conventional independent (static)

tilt for legacy services as illustrated left, as per our

MultiServ product approach.

• Potentially, beamforming in elevation could prove more

effective than beamforming in Azimuth, due to the fact

interference comes from one direction (the horizon) rather

than multiple directions as in Azimuth.

Quintel Elevation Beamforming Antenna Legacy support plus Adaptive Elevation Beamforming



And



Roadmap to 8T8R 2 X-POL Antennas with SONWavTM

Rx

Rx

Tx/R

x

Tx/R

x

4T4R

Dual X-Polar SONWavTM

4T4R

Rx

Rx

Tx/R

x

Tx/R

x

4T4R

Dual X-Polar SONWavTM

4T4R

+ =

1x Az null

1x El null

8T8R 8T8R

Too Wide, even at

0.5l spacing?

• Standard <300mm (12”) Wide Form Factor; doesn’t have to be 0.5l array column spacing

• SONWavTM gives close in Null Fill effect = coverage and performance close to cell site

• Ideal for TD-LTE applications and offers promise of a higher gain BCH

• Flexible to provide additional bands (i.e. Lowband Array and/or 2nd Highband via MultiServ)

• Practical, near term solution

CLA-2X

+ SONWavTM



Antenna Innovation What could be achieved?

• Multi dimensional applications covering

• Optimisation of different access technologies in same freq band

• Optimising individual RF channels within same standard

• Enhancing cell throughput on network or cluster basis.

Spectral Efficiency

Techniques

Elevation Beamforming



Thank You! Keith Radousky

404-520-8206 [email protected]

When wireless is pushed to the limit the answer isn’t more of the same

The answer is

more innovation

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Migrating Macro Cell Antenna Systems to LTE Advanced Macro Cell Antenna Systems to LTE Advanced...

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