Migrant Remittance Flows : Findings from a Global Survey of Central Banks

8/9/2019 Migrant Remittance Flows : Findings from a Global Survey of Central Banks

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\HN UAWFL GJKM

U A W F L G J K M U A W M B K E P J P N W K A . : 2

Ljtj Caffnctbak jkl Wncarlbke ao Iberjkt Wnibttjkcns ............................................... >

Wneufjtbak jkl Supnrvbsbak ao Wnibttjkcn \rjksonrs .................................................. ::

Wnibttjkcn Casts ............................................................................................................... :3

Pafbcbns ta Bipravn Wnibttjkcn \rjksonrs ..................................................................... :?

3. Pafbcy Bipfbcjtbaks ............................................................................................................. 7:

Wnonrnkcns .................................................................................................................................7

Jppnklbx :. Survny Zunstbakkjbrn4 Oacus ak Wnibttjkcn Bkofaws ............................ 7?

Jppnklbx 7. Survny Zunstbakkjbrn4 Oacus Ak Wnibttjkcn Autofaws ........................


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bv Caktnkts

Obeurn 7.?. Caipufsary Cakvnrsbak ao Wnibttjkcn Bkofaws bkta Facjf Currnkcy

Bs Jssacbjtnl wbth Pnrcnptbak ao Hbeh Casts ............................................................... :?

Obeurn 7.5. Gnttnr Stjtbstbcs jkl Stulbns Unrn \apCbtnl Jrnjs Knnlbke

Jttnktbak oar Bipravnl Noobcbnkcy jkl Sncurbty ao \rjksonrs ....................................:5

Obeurn 8. Gnttnr Stjtbstbcs jkl Stulbns ak Iberjtbak Ujs Cbtnl gy Knjrfy 80

Pnrcnkt ao SugSjhjrjk Jorbcjk Wnspaklnkts js Knnlbke Jttnktbak oar

Bipravnl Noobcbnkcy jkl Lnfbvnry ao Wnibttjkcns ...................................................... :5

Gaxns

Gax 7.:. Ljtj Caffnctbak Prjctbcns ao Cauktrbns thjt jrn Gath Wnibttjkcnsaurcn

jkl Wnibttjkcnrncnbvbke4 Sain Nxjipfns.................................................................... 5


6/86

v

Jgstrjct

rjwbke ak thn obklbkes orai rnspaksns ta j survny cakluctnl bk 700802 orai :: BIOs Gjfjkcn ao Pjyinkts jkl Bktnrkjtbakjf Bkvnstinkt Pasbtbak

Ijkujf, oboth nlbtbak

GPI? BIOs Gjfjkcn ao Pjyinkts jkl Bktnrkjtbakjf Bkvnstinkt Pasbtbak

Ijkujf, sbxth nlbtbak

N^ Nurapnjk ^kbak

ELP Erass lainstbc praluct

BIO Bktnrkjtbakjf Iakntjry Oukl

I\A Iakny trjksonr apnrjtar

WSP Wnibttjkcn snrvbcn pravblnr


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12/86

:

C H J P \ N W :

Bktraluctbak jkl Ijbk Obklbkes

berjkt rnibttjkcns pravbln thn iast tjkebgfn jkl pnrhjps thn fnjst caktravnrsbjf

fbkm gntwnnk iberjtbak jkl lnvnfapinkt, hjvbke thn patnktbjf ta caktrbgutn

sbekbobcjktfy ta pavnrty rnluctbak jkl jchbnvninkt ao athnr ^K Ibffnkkbui

Lnvnfapinkt Eajfs. Wncarlnl iberjkt rnibttjkcns rncnbvnl gy lnvnfapbke cauktrbns

rnjchnl jk nstbijtnl $338 gbffbak bk 7008, up knjrfy :5 pnrcnkt orai $782 gbffbak bk

7005.:\hn trun sbzn ao iberjkt rnibttjkcns bkcfulbke ukrncarlnl ofaws thraueh oarijf

jkl bkoarijf chjkknfs bs nvnk hbehnr, ijmbke rnibttjkcns thn fjrenst saurcn ao nxtnrkjf

obkjkcn oar ijky lnvnfapbke cauktrbns, nspncbjffy paar cauktrbns. Ijxbibzbke thn

lnvnfapinkt bipjct ao rnibttjkcns hjs gnnk rncaekbznl jt thn hbehnst bktnrkjtbakjf

pafbcy fnvnfs, wbth thn obkjf lncfjrjtbak ao thn Dufy 7002 Eraup ao Nbeht Suiibt stjtbke

jk jbi ta ijmn rnibttjkcn snrvbcns chnjpnr jkl iarn jccnssbgfn ta iberjkts jkl thnbr

ojibfbns.

\hbs pjpnr prnsnkts obklbkes orai j warflwbln survny ao cnktrjf gjkms ak crass

garlnr iberjkt rnibttjkcn ofaws. \hn ijbk jbis ao thn survny wnrn ta ejbk j gnttnruklnrstjklbke ao thn rneufjtary nkvbrakinkt oar crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn ofaws jkl

haw cnktrjf gjkms caffnct ljtj jkl athnr bkoarijtbak ak iberjkt rnibttjkcns.

Survny qunstbakkjbrns wnrn nijbfnl ta cnktrjf gjkms jkl athnr kjtbakjf

bkstbtutbaks bk :5? cauktrbns warflwbln. \wa ijbk vnrsbaks ao thn qunstbakkjbrn wnrn

lnvnfapnl (snn jppnklbcns : jkl 7). _nrsbak : ao thn survny oacusns ak rnibttjkcn

bkofaws jkl wjs snkt ta :7? cauktrbns caksblnrnl knt rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns=

vnrsbak 7 oacusns ak rnibttjkcn autofaws jkl wjs snkt ta >0 cauktrbns caksblnrnl knt

rnibttjkcnsnklbke cauktrbns (snn jppnklbx 3). J vnrsbak 3 survny (caktjbkbke

jllbtbakjf qunstbaks ak rnibttjkcn autofaws) wjs jfsa snkt jfake wbth vnrsbak : ao thn

survny ta snvnrjf cauktrbns thjt snkl js wnff js rncnbvn sbekbobcjkt jiaukts aornibttjkcns.7\hn survny qunstbakkjbrns wnrn jk jljptjtbak jkl sbekbobcjkt nxtnksbak

ao j Uarfl Gjkm survny cakluctnl wbth cnktrjf gjkms bk pnrcnkt avnrjff

jkl ?3 pnrcnkt oar Jorbcj. \hn ::7 survnys sugibttnl bk suoobcbnktfy caipfntn oari jrn

jkjfyznl bk thbs pjpnr (ao whbch 55 survnys jrn orai rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns

jkl 3> survnys jrn orai rnibttjkcnsaurcn cauktrbns).

\hn ijbk obklbkes ao thn survny jrn js oaffaws4

\hnrn bs jk jppjrnkt fjcm ao caarlbkjtbak ak ljtj caffnctbak jkl bk athnr jrnjsjiake vjrbaus lbvbsbaks wbthbk ijky bklbvblujf cnktrjf gjkms, jiake

I


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7 Uarfl Gjkm Uarmbke Pjpnr

kjtbakjf bkstbtutbaks wbthbk j ebvnk cauktry, jkl jiake cauktnrpjrt kjtbakjf

bkstbtutbaks, bkcfulbke oar sain ijdar rnibttjkcn carrblars.

Js ijky js


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Iberjkt Wnibttjkcn Ofaws4 Obklbkes orai j Efagjf Survny ao Cnktrjf Gjkms 3

Pafbcy Bipfbcjtbaks

\hn rnsufts ao thn survny sueenst thjt cnktrjf gjkms jkl athnr kjtbakjf bkstbtutbaks

rnspaksbgfn oar ljtj caffnctbak knnl ta bipravn caarlbkjtbak bk thbs jrnj, wbth iarn

systnijtbc ljtj jkl bkoarijtbak nxchjken, gnttnr caiiukbcjtbak, jkl iarn noonctbvnlbvbsbak ao fjgar ta jvabl lupfbcjtbak ao nooarts. Gnttnr caarlbkjtbak bk ljtj caffnctbak

knnls ta accur gath jcrass bkstbtutbaks jkl jiake lboonrnkt lbvbsbaks wbthbk thn sjin

bkstbtutbak bk j kuignr ao cauktrbns.

Bt wbff gn bipartjkt oar cnktrjf gjkms jkl athnr kjtbakjf jutharbtbns rnspaksbgfn oar

rnibttjkcns ljtj caffnctbak jkl iakbtarbke ta ebvn iarn jttnktbak ta thnsn jctbvbtbns,

bkcfulbke gy iakbtarbke crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn ofaws ljtj jt hbehnr ornqunkcbns jkl

lbsjeernejtbke gy saurcn cauktry, whnrn passbgfn. Oar ijky rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke

cauktrbns, bt wbff jfsa gn bipartjkt ta rnvbsn ljtj caipbfjtbak inthals ta gnttnr

lbstbkeubsh rnibttjkcn bkofaws orai athnr cjpbtjf bkofaws jkl ta lbsjeernejtn gy

rnibttjkcn cjtneary. Such bipravninkts ta ljtj caffnctbak prjctbcns caufl gn crbtbcjf tanoonctbvnfy iakbtarbke thnsn crassgarlnr ofaws, bk thn ojcn ao hnbehtnknl cakcnrks thjt

thn efagjf obkjkcbjf crbsbs bs knejtbvnfy joonctbke thn jiaukt ao crassgarlnr iberjkt

rnibttjkcn ofaws ta ijky rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns.

Js knw WSP nktrjkts ta thn ijrmnt ninren (oar nxjipfn, iagbfn phakn snrvbcn

pravblnrs), bt wbff gncain bkcrnjsbkefy bipartjkt oar cauktrbns ta tjmn bkta jccaukt knw

chjkknfs jkl tnchkafaebns bk caffnctbke ljtj ak jkl iakbtarbke rnibttjkcns. Ebvnk thjt

thn rnibttjkcn trjksonr jctbvbtbns ao ijky ao thn knwnr ijrmnt nktrjkts jrn kat ynt

rneufjtnl bk j kuignr ao cauktrbns, Lbscaurjebke nxcfusbvbty caktrjcts gntwnnk WSPs jkl

kjtbakjf past aoobcns ar gjkms wbff gn bipartjkt oar bkcrnjsbke caipntbtbak jkl

rnlucbke trjksonr casts. Jkathnr mny stnp tawjrl rnlucbke thn cast ao rnibttjkcn

trjksonrs wbff gn obkjkcbjf fbtnrjcy cjipjbeks, whbch cjk bkcrnjsn pugfbc jwjrnknss ao

rnibttjkcn inthals jkl thn jssacbjtnl prbcns, puttbke prnssurn ak pravblnrs ta rnlucn

casts. Praiatbakjf nooarts thjt bkcrnjsn thn pugfbcs trust bk gjkms jkl athnr WSPs,

gjcmnl, ao caursn, gy kjtbakjf pafbcbns jkl rneufjtary orjinwarms thjt praiatn j

hnjfthy, wnffoukctbakbke, jkl noobcbnkt gjkmbke jkl obkjkcbjf snctar, caufl jfsa

praiatn caipntbtbak bk thn rnibttjkcns ijrmnt jkl uftbijtnfy rnlucn casts.

Katns

: Oar bkoarijtbak ak jkl jkjfysbs ao thn ijekbtuln jkl chjrjctnrbstbcs ao iberjkt rnibttjkcn

ofaws gy rnebak, snn Wjthj, Iahjpjtrj, jkl Sbfwjf (Kavnignr 7002).7\hrnn cauktrbns cnktrjf gjkms caipfntnl thn vnrsbak 3 jppnklbx qunstbakkjbrn4 cnktrjf gjkms bk

Cyprus, \hn Cznch Wnpugfbc, jkl Fngjkak.3Snn ln Fukj Ijrtbknz (700>).


15/86

Snn, oar nxjipfn, Wjthj jkl Wbnlgnre (700>).


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>

C H J P \ N W 7

Obklbkes orai thn Survny

Ljtj Caffnctbak jkl Wncarlbke ao Iberjkt Wnibttjkcns

Iberjkt rnibttjkcn bkofaws jrn gnttnr iakbtarnl thjk iberjkt rnibttjkcn autofaws jkl

rncarlbke ao bkofaws hjs accurrnl oar j fakenr tbin.:

\hnrn bs ka rneufjr ljtj caffnctbak ak iberjkt rnibttjkcn bkofaws bk akfy aknsurvnynl rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktry (tjgfn 7.:).7 \hbs stjkls bk ijrmnl caktrjst ta

rnibttjkcnsnklbke cauktrbns, whnrn :: pnrcnkt ao thn cnktrjf gjkms jkl athnr kjtbakjf

bkstbtutbaks survnynl bklbcjtnl thjt thnrn bs ka rneufjr caffnctbak ao ljtj ak iberjkt

rnibttjkcn autofaws.3

\hnrn jrn j onw pragjgfn nxpfjkjtbaks oar thn lboonrbke prbarbty ebvnk ta caffnctbak

ao ljtj ak iberjkt crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn ofaws bk rnibttjkcnsnklbke vnrsus

rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns. Gncjusn rnibttjkcn autofaws tnkl ta gn sijff rnfjtbvn ta

erass lainstbc praluct (ELP) bk rnibttjkcnsnklbke cauktrbns jkl caiprbsn j

rnfjtbvnfy sijff prapartbak ao thnsn cauktrbns gjfjkcn ao pjyinkts stjtbstbcs,

iakbtarbke rnibttjkcn autofaws ljtj jfsa tnkls ta gn j rnfjtbvnfy faw prbarbty. \hbscaufl jfsa rnofnct thn ojct thjt gjkms bk Nurapnjk ^kbak (N^) inignr cauktrbns (whbch

caiprbsn :? aut ao thn 3> rnibttjkcnsaurcn cauktrbns thjt rnspaklnl ta thn survny) jrn

kat agfbenl ta rnpart crassgarlnr trjksjctbaks gnfaw :7,>00j thrnshafl ojr hbehnr

thjk thn jiaukts typbcjffy snkt gy iberjkts.

Katjgfy, bk j kuignr ao rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns, bkcfulbke thn Phbfbppbkns

jkl Wwjklj, I\As la kat rnpart ljtj jkl athnr bkoarijtbak ak rnibttjkcn trjksonrslbrnctfy ta thn cnktrjf gjkm ar jky athnr kjtbakjf bkstbtutbak. \hn ijbk saurcn ao

rnibttjkcns ljtj bk iast cauktrbns bs thn pnrbalbc (rjkebke orai ljbfy ta qujrtnrfy)

rnparts sugibttnl gy caiinrcbjf gjkms. Bk j kuignr ao cjsns, cnktrjf gjkms bklbcjtnl

thjt I\As rnibttjkcns ljtj jrn cjpturnl bklbrnctfy, bk thn rnpartbke gy gjkms wbth

whbch thny apnrjtn bk pjrtknrshbp. \hus, bt bs fbmnfy thjt ljtj jkl bkoarijtbak

spncbobcjffy ak I\As crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn trjksonrs ijy gn caffnctnl iarn

nxtnksbvnfy (jfgnbt bklbrnctfy) thjk wjs bklbcjtnl bk thn survny.


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? Uarfl Gjkm Uarmbke Pjpnr

\jgfn 7.:. Iberjkt Wnibttjkcn Bkofaws Jrn Gnttnr Iakbtarnl thjk Autofaws

Wnibttjkcn-rncnbvbkecauktrbns (%)

Wnibttjkcn-snklbkecauktrbns (%)

Ka rneufjr ljtj caffnctbak : ::

Kat bklbcjtnl 3 3

Cnktrjf gjkms 2> ??

ao whbch4

Cnktrjf gjkm akfy 5< >:

Cnktrjf gjkm jkl obkjkcn ibkbstry : 3

Cnktrjf gjkm jkl kjtbakjf stjtbstbcjf aoobcn :5 2

Cnktrjf gjkm jkl athnr kjtbakjf bkstbtutbak 3 3

Kjtbakjf stjtbstbcjf aoobcn akfyj 0 :5

Athnr kjtbakjf bkstbtutbaks : 3

Saurcn4 Juthars cjfcufjtbaks gjsn ak survny rnspaksns.

Katn4 \jgfn ljtj cavnr thn 55 rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns thjt hjl rnspaklnl ta vnrsbak : ao thn

survny jkl thn 3> rnibttjkcnsnklbke cauktrbns thjt hjl rnspaklnl ta vnrsbak 7 ao thn survny js ao

Lncnignr 7002.

j. Bk :5 pnrcnkt ao rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns jkl 2 pnrcnkt ao rnibttjkcnsnklbke cauktrbns, gath

kjtbakjf stjtbstbcjf aoobcns jkl cnktrjf gjkms caffnct thnsn ljtj.

Ljtj caffnctbak gy rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns hjs gnnk accurrbke oar fakenr

thjk gy rnibttjkcnsnklbke cauktrbns. Knjrfy thrnnqujrtnrs ao rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke

cauktrbns rnpartnl thjt caffnctbak ao iberjkt rnibttjkcns ljtj gnejk iarn thjk obvn

ynjrs jea, wbth >? pnrcnkt ao thn cauktrbns gnebkkbke caffnctbak ao thnsn ljtj iarn thjk

:: ynjrs jea. Bk caktrjst, oar rnibttjkcnsnklbke cauktrbns, thn carrnspaklbke obeurns

jrn fawnr4 ?0 pnrcnkt jkl >: pnrcnkt, rnspnctbvnfy.

Js ijky js


18/86


Gax 7.:. Ljtj Caffnctbak Prjctbcns ao Cauktrbns thjt jrn Gath Wnibttjkcn-saurcn jklWnibttjkcn-rncnbvbke4 Sain Nxjipfns

Jiake thn cnktrjf gjkm rnspaklnkts bk cauktrbns thjt snkl js wnff js rncnbvn sbekbobcjkt jiauktsao rnibttjkcns, thrnn cnktrjf gjkms, bk Cyprus, \hn Cznch Wnpugfbc jkl Fngjkak, caipfntnl gathj vnrsbak : survny qunstbakkjbrn (oacus ak rnibttjkcn bkofaws) jkl j vnrsbak 3 survnyqunstbakkjbrn (shart suppfninkt wbth oacus ak rnibttjkcn autofaws). \hn sugibssbaks bklbcjtnthjt, oar Cyprus jkl Fngjkak, j rnfjtbvnfy hbeh prbarbty hjs gnnk ebvnk, oar jt fnjst thn pjstsnvnrjf ynjrs, ta rneufjr, pnrbalbc ljtj caffnctbak gy kjtbakjf cnktrjf gjkms jkl athnr bkstbtutbaksao gath rnibttjkcn bkofaws jkl autofaws thraueh oarijf chjkknfs bk thnsn cauktrbns. \hnsncauktrbns cnktrjf gjkms rnpartnl thjt thny caffnct ljtj jkl athnr bkoarijtbak ak rnibttjkcnbkofaws jkl autofaws rneufjrfy (iakthfy). \hbs bs sbibfjr ta thn avnrjff rnsufts ao thbs stuly,whnrngy thn vjst ijdarbty ao pjrtbcbpjtbke cauktrbns rnpartnl thjt thny pravbln oar sain injks aorneufjr ljtj caffnctbak ak crass-garlnr rnibttjkcn ofaws.

\hn Cznch Kjtbakjf Gjkm jfsa bklbcjtnl thjt ornqunkt, pnrbalbc rnibttjkcn ljtj rnpartbke hjlgnnk uklnrtjmnk bk 700>-05, gjsnl ak thn usn ao trjcmbke calns gy gjkms jkl athnr WSPs oarcrass-garlnr pjyinkts. Js jk N^ inignr cauktry, hawnvnr, \hn Cznch Wnpugfbc hjs sbkcnjlaptnl thn hbeh thrnshafl oar rnpartbke crass-garlnr trjksjctbaks (rjbsnl orai :7,>00 ta>0,000 wbth noonct orai 7008), whbch hjs injkt thjt sbkcn 7008 gjkms jrn ka fakenr agfbenl tausn thnsn calns jkl rnpart sijff crass-garlnr trjksjctbaks. Ljtj caffnctbke jkl nstbijtbkernspaksbgbfbtbns hjvn sbkcn uklnreakn j trjksbtbak bk \hn Cznch Wnpugfbc, cabkcblbke wbthjlaptbak ao thn N^ rnpartbke thrnshafls. Bk 7005, thn Cznch Kjtbakjf Stjtbstbcjf Aoobcn (CTSA)jssuinl rnspaksbgbfbty orai thn Cznch Kjtbakjf Gjkm oar nstbijtbke crass-garlnr rnibttjkcnofaws jkl thn CTSA bktralucnl j knw inthalafaey oar prnpjrbke thnsn nstbijtns gy warmbkecfasnfy wbth thn Ibkbstry ao Fjgaur jkl Sacbjf Joojbrs jkl thn Wnsnjrch Bkstbtutn ao Fjgaur jklSacbjf Joojbrs, whbch caipbfn lniaerjphbc jkl athnr ljtj ak oarnbeknrs rnsblnkt bk \hn CznchWnpugfbc jkl Cznchs nipfaynl avnrsnjs.

Akfy akn ao thnsn thrnn cauktrbns (Cznch Wnpugfbc) caffncts ljtj ar nstbijtns rnibttjkcnstrjksonrrnl thraueh bkoarijf chjkknfs, jkl thnrn wnrn ka nstbijtns ao bkoarijf ofaws pravblnl bkthnsn cauktrbns survny sugibssbaks. \hn Cznch Kjtbakjf Gjkm bklbcjtnl thjt bt lans kat currnktfyhjvn nkaueh bkoarijtbak ta lntnribkn thn ijbk ojctars thjt fnjl ta trjksonrs ao rnibttjkcnautofaws thraueh bkoarijf chjkknfs. Jfthaueh thn Gjkm ao Fngjkak lans kat caffnct ljtj akcrass-garlnr rnibttjkcn ofaws thraueh bkoarijf chjkknfs, bt lbl cbtn j kuignr ao ojctars thjt jrnfbmnfy bkhbgbtbke iarn trjksonrs thraueh oarijf chjkknfs, bkcfulbke hbeh cast (thn tap ojctar cbtnlavnrjff gy jff pjrtbcbpjkts bk thbs stuly), js wnff js fjcm ao gjkm grjkchns facjtnl knjr bktnklnlrnibttjkcn gnknobcbjrbns avnrsnjs, rnibttjkcn snklnrs fjcm ao jccnss ta gjkm jccaukts, ibstrustar fjcm ao bkoarijtbak jgaut nfnctrakbc trjksonrs, jkl rnibttjkcn rncbpbnkt cauktrbns tjx pafbcbns akbkofaws.

\hn iast caiiakfy cbtnl inthal bk rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns oar nstbijtbke

bkoarijf rnibttjkcns wjs prapnksbty ta rnibt jkl nstbijtns gjsnl ak ljtj jkl

bkoarijtbak caffnctnl orai hausnhafl jkl/ar avnrsnjs iberjkt survnys. \hbs inthal

wjs cbtnl gy


19/86


whbch bs thnk iuftbpfbnl gy thn vafuin ao iakthfy purchjsns gy thn nxchjken

gurnjus. _jrbaus athnr inthals rnpartnlfy jrn usnl bk thnsn cauktrbns ta nstbijtn

rnibttjkcns trjksonrrnl thraueh bkoarijf chjkknfs, wbth saurcns bkcfulbke oarnbek

nxchjken gurnjus, fjgar ibkbstrbns, oarnbek nigjssbns, jkl, bk akn cauktrys cjsn,

bkoarijtbak pugfbshnl bk knwspjpnrs.

Obeurn 7.:. Ljtj jkl Bkoarijtbak Caffnctnl orai Hausnhafl jkl/ar Avnrsnjs IberjktSurvnys bs thn \ap-Cbtnl Inthal oar Nstbijtbke Wnibttjkcn \rjksonrs thrauehBkoarijf Chjkknfs

Saurcn4 Juthars cjfcufjtbaks gjsnl ak survny rnspaksns.

Katn4 Obeurn ljtj cavnr thn 33 rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns thjt rnspaklnl pasbtbvnfy ta qunstbak 7 ibffbak, whbfn thn obeurn rnpartnl bk thn survny

wjs $:.8 gbffbaksain :8 tbins js fjren. Obeurns rnpartnl bk thn survny oar

Ijljejscjr wnrn :> tbins js fjren js thasn rnpartnl bk thn BIO stjtbstbcs jkl oar

Wwjklj, laugfn.:0 Sbibfjrfy fjren lbscrnpjkcbns gntwnnk ljtj rnpartnl bk thn survny

jkl ljtj rnpartnl bk thn BIO stjtbstbcs wnrn snnk oar Nthbapbj, Fbthujkbj, jkl SbnrrjFnakn. Aoobcbjf obeurns oar thn fjttnr cauktrbns, hawnvnr, hjvn gnnk rnvbsnl upwjrl bk

0 > :0 :> 70 7> 30 3> 0

Nstbijtns gjsnl ak nrrars & aibssbaks bk thngjfjkcn ao pjyinkts

Bkoarijtbak orai knwspjpnrs

Nxpnrt nstbijtns

Nstbijtns gjsnl ak kuignr ao warmnrsjgrajl bkcfulbke vbj ljtj pravblnl gy

Lnpjrtinkt ao Fjgar

Bkoarijtbak pravblnl gy oarnbek nigjssbns akfjgar pnribts bssunl ta kjtbakjfs jgrajl

Nstbijtns ao cjsh cjrrbnl jcrass garlnrs gycaurbnr/trjkspart caipjkbns, caffnctnl vbj

survnys gy kjtbakjf stjtbstbcs jenkcy

Nstbijtns ao cjsh cjrrbnl jcrass garlnrs gyvbsbtbke kjtbakjfs jt nktry pabkts

Nstbijtbke rnibttjkcns' shjrn bk tatjf oarnbeknxchjken trjksjctbak vafuins

Prapnksbty ta rnibt & athnr nstbijtns gjsnlak hausnhafls & avnrsnjs iberjkt survnys

% ao CGs thjt caffnct ljtj ak rnibttjkcns vbj

bkoarijf chjkknfs jkl cbtn thbs inthal


20/86


thn pjst snvnrjf iakths, jkl jrn kaw grajlfy caksbstnkt wbth thasn rnpartnl bk thn

survny.::

Sbibfjr, gut sijffnr, lbscrnpjkcbns wnrn agsnrvnl oar thn cauktrbns thjt rnspaklnl

ta thn vnrsbak 7 ao thn qunstbakkjbrn (oacus ak rnibttjkcn autofaws), nxcnpt oar thn

^kbtnl Mbkelai.:7\hn obeurn rnpartnl gy thn ^kbtnl Mbkelai oar rnibttjkcn autofaws

bk thn survny wjs thrnn tbins thjt rnpartnl bk thn BIOs gjfjkcn ao pjyinkts stjtbstbcs.

Sain ijdar saurcn cauktrbns oar rnibttjkcns, such js Sjulb Jrjgbj, la kat rnpart jky

rnibttjkcn ljtj bk thnbr gjfjkcn ao pjyinkts rnpartbke ta thn BIO.

Obeurn 7.7. \hnrn Bs j Fjren Lbscrnpjkcy gntwnnk Wnibttjkcn Ljtj Wnpartnl bkSurvnys jkl \hasn Caipbfnl orai BIO Gjfjkcn ao Pjyinkts Stjtbstbcs oar SainCauktrbns

Saurcn4Juthars cjfcufjtbaks gjsnl ak survny rnspaksns.

Katn4 Iberjkts rnibttjkcns wnrn lnobknl bk 7008 oar thn purpasn ao thn survny, bk fbkn wbth thn BIOs

Gjfjkcn ao Pjyinkts jkl Bktnrkjtbakjf Bkvnstinkt Pasbtbak Ijkujf oboth nlbtbak (GPI>), js thn sui ao

warmnrs rnibttjkcns, caipnksjtbak ao nipfaynns, jkl iberjkts trjksonrs.:3

^klnr thn sbxth nlbtbak aothn Gjfjkcn ao Pjyinkts jkl Bktnrkjtbakjf Bkvnstinkt Pasbtbak Ijkujf (GPI?), rnfnjsnl bk ibl 7002,

lnobkbtbaks jkl cakcnpts rnfjtnl ta rnibttjkcns bk thn gjfjkcn ao pjyinkts orjinwarm hjvn gnnk

rnvbsnl.:

:0

:>

70

Ehjkj ^M

^S$ gks.

Survny

ljtj

BIO ljtj

Wnibttjkcnbkofaws

Wnibttjkcnautofaws


21/86

:0 Uarfl Gjkm Uarmbke Pjpnr

caiinrcbjf gjkms, whbfn thny jrn kaw ijmbke nooarts ta bkcfuln trjksonrs thraueh

iakny trjksonr jenkcbns jkl athnr pravblnrs ao rnibttjkcn snrvbcns. Iarnavnr, snvnrjf

cnktrjf gjkms jrn kaw stjrtbke ta usn survnys ao iberjkts bk thn lnstbkjtbak cauktrbns

jkl iberjkt hausnhafl survnys bk thn arbebk cauktrbns ta suppfninkt thn ljtj rnpartnl

gy pravblnrs ao rnibttjkcn snrvbcns.

Cnktrjf gjkms jrn gnebkkbke ta pjy jttnktbak ta knw tnchkafaebns jkl jftnrkjtbvn

chjkknfs whnk rncarlbke rnibttjkcn trjksjctbaks (tjgfn 7.7).:>\rjksjctbaks rncarlnl js

iberjkt rnibttjkcn bkofaws jrn typbcjffy thasn thraueh gjkms, iakny trjksonr

apnrjtars, jkl past aoobcns. Hawnvnr, sain cnktrjf gjkms jrn gnebkkbke ta rncarl

trjksjctbaks thraueh knw tnchkafaebns such js lngbt ar prnpjbl cjrls usnl jt rntjbf

starns (Gnfjrus, Cyprus, Nf Sjfvjlar, Eujtnijfj, Bklaknsbj, Iaracca, Kbcjrjeuj,

Pafjkl, jkl ^ejklj), trjksonrs thraueh iagbfn phakn (Bklaknsbj, Inxbca, jkl thn

Phbfbppbkns), jkl nvnk purchjsns ao hains gy iberjkts oar gnknobcbjrbns (Gnfjrus,

Gurmbkj Ojsa, Cafaigbj, Cyprus, Bklaknsbj, Iaflavj, Kbenr, thn Phbfbppbkns, jkl

\ukbsbj).

\jgfn 7.7. Cnktrjf Gjkms Jrn Stjrtbke ta Wncarl \rjksonrs thraueh Knw Wnibttjkcn\nchkafaebns jkl Chjkknfs

Pnrcnkt ao cnktrjf gjkms rncarlbke ljtjjs rnibttjkcn trjksonrs

Wnibttjkcns thraueh iakny trjksonr caipjkbns* 50

Nfnctrakbc oukl trjksonrs thraueh carrnspaklnkt gjkms* ?2

Bktnrkjtbakjf iakny arlnrs thraueh past aoobcns


22/86

Iberjkt Wnibttjkcn Ofaws4 Obklbkes orai j Efagjf Survny ao Cnktrjf Gjkms ::

Wneufjtbak jkl Supnrvbsbak ao Wnibttjkcn \rjksonrs

Supnrvbsbak ao crassgarlnr rnibttjkcns vjrbns caksblnrjgfy jcrass rnibttjkcn snrvbcns

pravblnrs.:? Knw nktrjkts ta thn ijrmnt, such js iagbfn iakny trjksonr snrvbcn

pravblnrs, jrn rnpartnlfy kat ynt vnry jctbvn bk trjksonrrbke crassgarlnr rnibttjkcnofaws. Iagbfn phakn snrvbcn pravblnrs hjklfnl crassgarlnr trjksjctbaks bk akfy oaur

rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns (Grjzbf, Bklaknsbj, Inxbca, jkl thn Phbfbppbkns) jt thn

tbin ao thn survny jkl bk oaur (:: pnrcnkt ao) rnibttjkcnsnklbke cauktrbns. Jknclatjf

nvblnkcn sueensts, hawnvnr, thjt thnsn knw typns ao WSPs jrn gncaibke bkcrnjsbkefy

jctbvn bk lainstbc rnibttjkcn trjksonrs bk ijky lnvnfapbke cauktrbns. Bk rnibttjkcn

rncnbvbke cauktrbns, gjkms jrn thn iast caiiak typn ao WSP bkvafvnl bk trjksonrrbke

crassgarlnr rnibttjkcns, oaffawnl gy iakny trjksonr apnrjtars, past aoobcns, jkl

nxchjken gurnjus (tjgfn 7.3). Bk rnibttjkcnsnklbke cauktrbns, gjkms jrn jfsa thn iast

caiiak pravblnrs ao crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn snrvbcns, cfasnfy oaffawnl gy iakny

trjksonr apnrjtars, wbth nxchjken gurnjus rjkmbke thbrl.

\jgfn 7.3. Ijky Wnibttjkcn Snrvbcns Pravblnrs (Pjrtbcufjrfy Knwnr Nktrjkts) Jrn KatSupnrvbsnl

Wnibttjkcn-rncnbvbke cauktrbns Wnibttjkcn-snklbke cauktrbns

Kuignr aocauktrbns

whnrn thnsnWSPs apnrjtn

(j)

Kuignr aocauktrbns

whnrn thnsnWSPs jrn

supnrvbsnl(g)

Pnrcnkt aocauktrbns (bk

cafuik j)whnrn thnsn

WSPs jrnsupnrvbsnl(c)9(g)(j)

Kuignr aocauktrbns

whnrn thnsnWSPs apnrjtn

(l)

Kuignr aocauktrbns

whnrn thnsnWSPs jrn

supnrvbsnl(n)

Pnrcnkt aocauktrbns (bk

cafuik l)whnrn thnsn

WSPs jrnsupnrvbsnl(o)9(n)(l)

Caiinrcbjf gjkms ?7 >8 2< :8 :? 82Iakny trjksonrapnrjtars >: 32 5? :5 :? 2 77 ?3 2 8 82

Nxchjken gurnjus :< :3 23 :: :0 2:

Crnlbt ukbaks,sjvbkescaapnrjtbvns, jklsjvbkes jkl fajkbkstbtutbaks :3 :: 8> 2 8 82

Ibcraobkjkcnbkstbtutbaks 2 ? ?5 0 0 0

Iagbfn phakn

snrvbcn pravblnrs < 3 5> < 3 5>Athnr obkjkcbjfbkstbtutbaks 8 8 :00 3 7 ?5

Athnr kakobkjkcbjfbkstbtutbaks 2 5 58 3 3 :00

Saurcn4Juthars cjfcufjtbaks gjsnl ak survny rnspaksns.Katn4 \jgfn ljtj cavnr thn 55 rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns thjt hjl rnspaklnl ta vnrsbak : ao thn

survny jkl thn 3> rnibttjkcnsnklbke cauktrbns thjt hjl rnspaklnl ta vnrsbak 7 ao thn survny gy

Lncnignr 7002.

Kat surprbsbkefy, ijky ao thn knwnr ijrmnt nktrjkts rnibttjkcn snrvbcns jrn

ukrneufjtnl. Bk 33 pnrcnkt ao thn rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns whnrn ibcraobkjkcnbkstbtutbaks apnrjtn jkl bk akn aut ao thn oaur rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns whnrn

iagbfn phakn snrvbcn pravblnrs apnrjtn, rnibttjkcn snrvbcns pravblnl gy thnsn typns ao


23/86


bkstbtutbaks jrn kat sugdnct ta jky supnrvbsary jutharbty. \hnrn wjs ka supnrvbsary

bkstbtutbak oar past aoobcns uklnrtjmbke thnsn jctbvbtbns bk 35 pnrcnkt ao thn rnibttjkcn

rncnbvbke cauktrbns whnrn thny apnrjtn. Nvnk thn rnibttjkcn snrvbcns pravblnl gy

caiinrcbjf gjkms bk ? pnrcnkt ao rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns jrn kat sugdnct ta jky

supnrvbsary jutharbty. Iakny trjksonr apnrjtars rnibttjkcn snrvbcns jrn rnpartnlfy

avnrsnnk gy supnrvbsary jutharbtbns bk dust avnr thrnnqujrtnrs ao thn rnibttjkcn

rncnbvbke cauktrbns bk whbch thny apnrjtn. Bk jk nvnk hbehnr prapartbak ao rnibttjkcn

snklbke cauktrbns, rnibttjkcn autofaws gy gjkms jkl nxchjken gurnjus jrn kat

supnrvbsnl gy jky kjtbakjf nktbty.

Ljtj caffnctbak orai kakgjkm WSPs jppnjrs ta gn bkofunkcnl gy thn rnqubrninkt

oar pjrtknrshbps wbth gjkms. Cnktrjf gjkms jrn iarn fbmnfy ta caffnct ljtj orai kak

gjkm WSPs bk cauktrbns thjt la kat rnqubrn j kakgjkm WSP ta pjrtknr wbth j gjkm.

I\As jkl past aoobcns bk lnvnfapbke cauktrbns jrn iarn fbmnfy ta rnpart bkofaws ta thn

cnktrjf gjkm bk cauktrbns thjt la kat rnqubrn kakgjkm WSPs ta apnrjtn bk pjrtknrshbps

wbth gjkms.

Jktbiakny fjuklnrbke jkl caigjtbke thn obkjkcbke ao tnrrarbsi (JIFCO\)

jppnjrs ta gn j hbeh prbarbty oar cauktrbns pjrtbcbpjtbke bk thn survny. Bk spbtn ao thbs,

thnrn snnis ta gn j fjcm ao cfjrbty bk thn jppfbcjtbak ao JIFCO\ rneufjtbaks oar WSPs

bk rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke jkl snklbke cauktrbns. Ijky cnktrjf gjkms hjvn rncnktfy ar jrn

currnktfy puttbke bk pfjcn bkstbtutbakjf orjinwarms jkl rneufjtbaks ta gnttnr iakbtar

suspbcbaus crassgarlnr trjksjctbaks. \hrnnqujrtnrs ao cnktrjf gjkms bk rnibttjkcn

rncnbvbke cauktrbns rnpartnl gnbke bkvafvnl bk lnvnfapbke ar bipfninktbke kjtbakjf

pafbcbns rnfjtnl ta JIFCO\. Hawnvnr, thn cnktrjf gjkm nkoarcns sjkctbaks bk dust

uklnr aknthbrl ao thn rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns, whbfn j snpjrjtn kjtbakjfjutharbty spncbobcjffy chjrenl wbth prnvnktbke iakny fjuklnrbke nkoarcns sjkctbaks bk

3< pnrcnkt ao thnsn cauktrbns, jkl thn ibkbstry ao obkjkcn bs bkvafvnl bk :2 pnrcnkt ao

thnsn cauktrbns. Bk kbkn (:7 pnrcnkt ao) rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns, thn obrst twa

bkstbtutbaks warm taenthnr ta nkoarcn sjkctbaks= bk thrnn ao thnsn cauktrbns, thn twa

bkstbtutbaks jfsa warm taenthnr wbth thn obkjkcn ibkbstry. \hn ibkbstry ao obkjkcn bs

bkvafvnl bk nkoarcbke jktbiaknyfjuklnrbke sjkctbaks bk knjrfy aknoboth ao

rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns. Athnr kjtbakjf ar rnebakjf nktbtbns bkvafvnl bk

nkoarcbke jktbiaknyfjuklnrbke sjkctbaks bkcfuln thn obkjkcbjf bktnffbenkcn ukbt, thn

obkjkcbjf systni supnrbktnklnkcy, thn crbibkjf prasncutar, thn ibkbstry ao dustbcn jkl

jktbcarruptbak caiibssbak, jkl vjrbaus athnr dulbcbjf, jktbcarruptbak, jkl obkjkcbjfbktnffbenkcn ukbts.

Bk rnibttjkcnsnklbke cauktrbns, dust avnr hjfo ao cnktrjf gjkms (:2 aut ao 3>)

survnynl bklbcjtnl thjt thny wnrn bkvafvnl bk lnvnfapbke ar bipfninktbke JIFCO\

rneufjtbaks. Cnktrjf gjkms bk caksblnrjgfy onwnr (dust avnr aknoboth ao) rnibttjkcn

snklbke cauktrbns rnpartnl gnbke bkvafvnl bk nkoarcbke JIFCO\ sjkctbaks.:5

Bk ?8 pnrcnkt ao rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns, caiinrcbjf gjkms jrn rnqubrnl ta

obfn suspbcbaus jctbvbty rnparts wbth vjrbaus kjtbakjf jutharbtbns, bkcfulbke thn cnktrjf

gjkm, obkjkcn ibkbstry, obkjkcbjf bktnffbenkcn ukbts, jkl athnr kjtbakjf jenkcbns wbth

rnspaksbgbfbty oar obkjkcbjf crbins jkl jktbiakny fjuklnrbke. Caiinrcbjf gjkms jrn

rnqubrnl ta obfn currnkcy trjksjctbak rnparts bk 50 pnrcnkt ao rnibttjkcnrncnbvbkecauktrbns. Hawnvnr, akfy 3< pnrcnkt ao rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns rnpart rnqubrbke

I\As ta obfn suspbcbaus jctbvbty rnparts lbrnctfy wbth kjtbakjf jutharbtbns. I\As jrn


24/86

Iberjkt Wnibttjkcn Ofaws4 Obklbkes orai j Efagjf Survny ao Cnktrjf Gjkms :3

rnqubrnl ta obfn currnkcy trjksjctbak rnparts bk 3> pnrcnkt ao rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke

cauktrbns. Bk Jfenrbj, Wwjklj, jkl ^ejklj, currnkcy trjksjctbak rnparts jkl

suspbcbaus jctbvbty rnparts jrn obfnl gy pjrtknr gjkms ar gjkms whnrn I\As hjvn

jccaukts.

Gy caipjrbsak, j sijffnr orjctbak (


25/86

: rnibttjkcnsnklbke cauktrbns thjt hjl rnspaklnl ta vnrsbak 7 ao thn survny gy Lncnignr 7002.

Obeurn 7.?%

0 :0 70 30 0 ?0 50 80

Nxchjken caktrafs

Ibstrust ao oarijf obkjkcbjfbkstbtutbaks

Ibstrust/fjcm ao bkoarijtbakak nfnctrakbc trjksonrs

Snklnr's/rncbpbnkt'sfjcm ao vjfbl BL

Snklnr's/rncbpbnkt's fjcm aojccnss ta gjkm jccaukts

Ka gjkm grjkch knjrgnknobcbjry

Hbeh cast

Pnrcnkt ao cnktrjf gjkms cbtbke ojctar js bkhbgbtbke usn ao oarijf chjkknfs

Sug-Sjhjrjk Jorbcjk cauktrbns

Wnibttjkcn-rncnbvbke

cauktrbns

?8%

>?%


26/86

Iberjkt Wnibttjkcn Ofaws4 Obklbkes orai j Efagjf Survny ao Cnktrjf Gjkms :>

Wnqubrbke I\As jkl past aoobcns ta warm bk pjrtknrshbp wbth gjkms bs usujffy

jssacbjtnl wbth j pnrcnptbak ao hbeh rnibttjkcn casts.70 J hbeh cast ao rnibttjkcn

snrvbcns, cbtnl js thn tap ojctar bkhbgbtbke thn usn ao oarijf chjkknfs gy j ijdarbty ao

cnktrjf gjkms bk lnvnfapbke cauktrbns, jppnjrs ta gn rnfjtnl ta thn nxtnkt ta whbch

iakny trjksonr caipjkbns jkl past aoobcns jrn rnqubrnl ta apnrjtn bk pjrtknrshbp wbth

gjkms bk arlnr ta rncnbvn rnibttjkcn bkofaws.7: Sbxtykbkn pnrcnkt ao rnibttjkcn

rncnbvbke cauktrbns thjt rnqubrn jk I\A ta apnrjtn bk pjrtknrshbp wbth j gjkm cbtnl

hbeh cast js j ojctar bkhbgbtbke thn usn ao oarijf rnibttjkcn chjkknfs, caipjrnl wbth ).77 Ubth thn

nxcnptbak ao thn Gjhjijs, Aijk, Partuejf, Wussbj, jkl Sauth Jorbcj, ka rnibttjkcn

snklbke cauktry rnpartnl rnqubrbke I\As ta apnrjtn bk j fnejf pjrtknrshbp wbth j

gjkm.73

Obeurn 7.>. Wnqubrbke I\As ta Pjrtknr wbth Gjkms ta Wncnbvn Wnibttjkcn Bkofaws BsJssacbjtnl wbth Pnrcnptbak ao Hbeh Casts

Saurcn4Juthars cjfcufjtbaks gjsnl ak survny rnspaksns.

Katn4 Obeurn ljtj cavnr thn 55 rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns thjt hjl rnspaklnl ta vnrsbak : ao thn

survny js ao Lncnignr 7002.

\behtnr nxchjken caktrafs jrn jfsa jssacbjtnl wbth thn pnrcnptbak ao hbeh casts js j

ojctar bkhbgbtbke thn usn ao oarijf rnibttjkcn chjkknfs. \hn shjrn ao cnktrjf gjkms bk

rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns cbtbke rnibttjkcn casts js j ojctar bkhbgbtbke thn usn ao

oarijf rnibttjkcn chjkknfs bs :7 pnrcnktjen pabkts hbehnr bk thasn cauktrbns whnrn thn

rncbpbnkts jrn rnqubrnl ta cakvnrt thn rnibttjkcns bkta facjf currnkcy thjk bt bs bk

cauktrbns thjt la kat hjvn j sbibfjr cakvnrsbak rnqubrninkt (obeurn 7.?).7


27/86

:? Uarfl Gjkm Uarmbke Pjpnr

Obeurn 7.?. Caipufsary Cakvnrsbak ao Wnibttjkcn Bkofaws bkta Facjf Currnkcy BsJssacbjtnl wbth Pnrcnptbak ao Hbeh Casts


Katn4 Obeurn ljtj cavnr thn 55 rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns thjt hjl rnspaklnl ta vnrsbak : ao thn

survny js ao Lncnignr 7002.

Ernjtnr ornnlai ao iakny trjksonr jenkcbns jkl past aoobcns ta apnrjtn

bklnpnklnktfy ao gjkms cjk bkcrnjsn thn lnernn ao caipntbtbak bk thn rnibttjkcnijrmnt jkl thnrngy put lawkwjrl prnssurn ak casts. Jffawbke j vjrbnty ao wnff

supnrvbsnl jkl jppraprbjtnfy rneufjtnl WSPs ta apnrjtn, jkl fbgnrjfbzbke nxchjken

caktrafs such js rnqubrninkts oar caipufsary cakvnrsbak ao rnibttjkcn bkofaws bkta

facjf currnkcy cjk nkcaurjen thn usn ao oarijf rnibttjkcn chjkknfs, bipravn

caipntbtbak bk thn rnibttjkcn ijrmnt, jkl rnlucn casts, uftbijtnfy gnknobtbke thn

rnibttjkcn rncnbvnrs.

Pafbcbns ta Bipravn Wnibttjkcn \rjksonrs

Sbxtyobvn pnrcnkt ao cnktrjf gjkms bk rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns jkl 3: pnrcnkt aocnktrjf gjkms bk rnibttjkcnsnklbke cauktrbns cbtnl gnttnr stjtbstbcs jkl stulbns ak

iberjtbak js thn jrnj iast bk knnl ao jttnktbak (obeurn 7.5). Gnttnr stjtbstbcs ak

rnibttjkcns wjs cbtnl gy j sbibfjr shjrn ao rnspaklnkts bk gath eraups (?: pnrcnkt jkl

72 pnrcnkt, rnspnctbvnfy).7> Knw tnchkafaebns jkl pralucts oar thn pravbsbak ao

rnibttjkcns snrvbcns rjkmnl jfakesbln thn fjttnr ojctar oar rnibttjkcnsaurcn cauktrbns,

jkl rjkmnl thbrl oar rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns (cbtnl gy >: pnrcnkt). Lnfbvnry ao

rnibttjkcns ta rniatn jrnjs wjs thn knxthbehnst rjkmbke jrnj cbtnl oar rnibttjkcn

rncnbvbke cauktrbns (cbtnl gy dust uklnr hjfo).

?7%

3?%


28/86

Iberjkt Wnibttjkcn Ofaws4 Obklbkes orai j Efagjf Survny ao Cnktrjf Gjkms :5

Obeurn 7.5. Gnttnr Stjtbstbcs jkl Stulbns Unrn \ap-Cbtnl Jrnjs Knnlbke Jttnktbak oarBipravnl Noobcbnkcy jkl Sncurbty ao \rjksonrs


Katn4 Obeurn ljtj cavnr thn 55 rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns thjt hjl rnspaklnl ta vnrsbak : ao thn survny

jkl thn 3> rnibttjkcnsnklbke cauktrbns thjt hjl rnspaklnl ta vnrsbak 7 ao thn survny js ao Lncnignr 7002.

J sbekbobcjktfy hbehnr shjrn ao cnktrjf gjkms bk SugSjhjrjk Jorbcj (52 pnrcnkt)

thjk bk rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns js j whafn (?> pnrcnkt) cbtnl gnttnr stjtbstbcs jkl

stulbns ak iberjtbak jkl gnttnr stjtbstbcs ak rnibttjkcns js thn jrnjs iast bk knnl ao

jttnktbak oar iarn noobcbnkt jkl sncurn trjksonr jkl lnfbvnry ao iberjkt rnibttjkcns

(obeurn 7.8). Lnfbvnry ao rnibttjkcns ta rniatn jrnjs wjs thn knxthbehnst rjkmbke jrnjknnlbke jttnktbak, cbtnl gy ?< pnrcnkt ao SugSjhjrjk Jorbcjk cnktrjf gjkms, oaffawnl

gy j knnl oar bkcrnjsnl caipntbtbak jiake WSPs (cbtnl gy hjfo).

Obeurn 7.8. Gnttnr Stjtbstbcs jkl Stulbns ak Iberjtbak Ujs Cbtnl gy Knjrfy 80 Pnrcnktao Sug-Sjhjrjk Jorbcjk Wnspaklnkts js Knnlbke Jttnktbak oar Bipravnl Noobcbnkcyjkl Lnfbvnry ao Wnibttjkcns

Saurcn4 Juthars cjfcufjtbaks gjsnl ak survny rnspaksns.Katn4 Obeurn ljtj cavnr thn 78 SugSjhjrjk Jorbcjk rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns thjt hjl rnspaklnl

ta vnrsbak : ao thn survny.

0 70 %

Wnibttjkcn-snklbke

cauktrbns

Wnibttjkcn-rncnbvbke

cauktrbns

Gnttnr stjtbstbcs & stulbnsak iberjkts

Knw tnchkafaebns/pralucts oar pravblbke

rnibttjkcn snrvcns

Lnfbvnry ao rnibttjkcnsta rniatn jrnjs

Bkcrnjsnl caipntbtbakjiake WSPs

0 70 %

Knw tnchkafaebns/pralucts oar pravblbke

rnibttjkcn snrvcns


29/86


Dust uklnr aknthbrl ao rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns bklbcjtnl thjt thnrn jrn

pafbcy bkbtbjtbvns pfjkknl ar uklnrwjy ta nxpjkl thn autrnjch ao rnibttjkcn snrvbcns ta

rurjf jrnjs.7? Lnvnfapbke knw tnchkafaebns oar rnibttjkcn lnfbvnryiagbfn phakn,

Bktnrknt, cjsh cjrls, J\Iswjs cbtnl gy aknqujrtnr ao thasn bklbcjtbke thjt thny

hjvn such bkbtbjtbvns js thn injks ao labke sa.

Jiake thasn cauktrbns thjt hjvn pafbcy bkbtbjtbvns pfjkknl ar uklnrwjy oar

nxpjklbke jccnss ta rnibttjkcn snrvbcns bk rniatn jrnjs, 38 pnrcnkt ao rnspaklnkts

bklbcjtn sain rafn oar gjkms, whnthnr jfakn ar bk pjrtknrshbp wbth athnr WSPs.

Nkcaurjebke gjkms ta nxpjkl grjkch kntwarms ta rurjf jrnjs jkl pfjks ta gjkm thn

ukgjkmnl taenthnr wnrn cbtnl gy aknqujrtnr ao thnsn rnspaklnkts, whbfn 8 pnrcnkt

bklbcjtnl pfjks ta nkcaurjen pjrtknrshbps gntwnnk gjkms jkl I\As ar kak

eavnrkinktjf arejkbzjtbaks ta gnttnr snrvn rurjf facjtbaks.

Bk ijky rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns, thnrn jrn jfsa bkbtbjtbvns uklnrwjy thjt

pravbln oar j fjrenr rafn oar kakgjkm WSPs. \hbrtnnk pnrcnkt ao rnspaklnkts bk

rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns thjt bklbcjtnl thjt thny hjvn pafbcy bkbtbjtbvns oar

nxpjklbke jccnss ta rnibttjkcn snrvbcns bk rniatn jrnjs spncbobcjffy cbtnl pfjks ta

knwfy jffaw ar ourthnr nkcaurjen ibcraobkjkcn bkstbtutbaks ta lnfbvnr rnibttjkcns ta

gnknobcbjrbns.

Oarty pnrcnkt ao cnktrjf gjkms bk rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns rnpartnl

pravblbke sain typn ao bkcnktbvn oar iberjkts ta trjksonr thnbr iakny gjcm hain.75

\hbrtysbx pnrcnkt ao cnktrjf gjkms rnpart pravblbke jttrjctbvn bkvnstinkt aptbaks, :\hn Gjkm ao Spjbk Gjfjkcn ao Pjyinkts Lbvbsbak spncbobcjffy rnpartnl thjt thn hbehnr prbarbty

thjt bt hjs gnnk jccarlbke ta rnibttjkcn ljtj caipbfjtbak nooarts hjs gnnk praiptnl jt fnjst

pjrtfy gy thn hbehnr N^ rnpartbke thrnshafls.?Lrjws ak thn rnsufts ao rnspaksns ta qunstbak 7< ao thn survny qunstbakkjbrn.5 Jccarlbke ta thn survny rnsufts, thn iast caiiakfy cbtnl ornqunkcy oar caffnctbke ljtj jkl

athnr bkoarijtbak ak rnibttjkcn trjksonrs thraueh oarijf chjkknfs wjs iakthfy bk gath

rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke jkl saurcn cauktrbns (cbtnl gy ?< pnrcnkt jkl 35 pnrcnkt, rnspnctbvnfy, ao

thasn cnktrjf gjkms jkl athnr bkstbtutbaks bklbcjtbke thjt thny caffnct ljtj wbth sain rneufjrbty),

oaffawnl gy qujrtnrfy (70 pnrcnkt jkl 73 pnrcnkt, rnspnctbvnfy).8Lrjws ak thn rnsufts ao rnspaksns ta qunstbak 7> ao thn survny qunstbakkjbrn.2Lrjws ak thn rnsufts ao rnspaksns ta qunstbak 7 ao thn survny qunstbakkjbrn.:0 Bk sain cauktrbns, obeurns cbtnl bk prnss rnparts jrn sbekbobcjktfy hbehnr thjk thjt rnpartnl

nbthnr bk thn gjfjkcn ao pjyinkts stjtbstbcs ar bk thn cnktrjf gjkm survny. Oar nxjipfn, bk thn cjsn

ao \jkzjkbj, thn obeurn oar rnibttjkcn bkofaws cbtnl bk thn prnss bs bk thn rjken ao $300 ibffbak,

whbfn thjt rnpartnl ta thn BIO jkl thn cnktrjf gjkm survny wjs $:> ibffbak.::Wnibttjkcn bkofaw obeurns rnpartnl ta thn BIO js ao ibl7008 wnrn $:57 ibffbak oar Nthbapbj

(sugsnqunktfy rnvbsnl up ta $3>2 ibffbak jt thn tbin ao wrbtbke thbs pjpnr)= $22< ibffbak oar

Fbthujkbj (rnvbsnl ta $:,


31/86


:Lrjws ak thn rnsufts ao rnspaksns ta qunstbak 70 ao thn survny qunstbakkjbrn.:?Lrjws ak thn rnsufts ao rnspaksns ta qunstbak 33 ao thn survny qunstbakkjbrn.

:5Athnr bkstbtutbaks (oar nxjipfn, thn Obkjkcbjf Wneufjtar bk Brnfjkl, Hnr Ijdnstys Wnvnkun jklCustais bk thn ^kbtnl Mbkelai, jkl thn Ibkbstry ao Obkjkcn bk Btjfy) warm bk caapnrjtbak wbth

fjw nkoarcninkt jutharbtbns ta nkoarcn sjkctbaks rjkebke orai obkns, ornnzbke ao oukls,

wbthlrjwjf ao gjkmbke fbcnksn, jkl nvnk biprbsakinkt.:8Lrjws ak thn rnsufts ao rnspaksns ta qunstbak :03 ao thn survny qunstbakkjbrn.:2Wnonrs ta thn 78 SugSjhjrjk Jorbcjk cauktrbns, nxcfulbke Sauth Jorbcj, whbch hjl caipfntnl

thn survny js ao Lncnignr 7002.70Lrjws ak thn rnsufts ao rnspaksns ta qunstbaks 3< jkl :03 ao thn survny qunstbakkjbrn.7: \hn rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns thjt rnpartnl rnqubrbke obris spncbjfbzbke bk iakny

trjksonrs (such js Unstnrk ^kbak jkl Iaknyerji) ta apnrjtn bk pjrtknrshbp wbth gjkms ta

rncnbvn rnibttjkcn bkofaws jrn Jfgjkbj, Jfenrbj, Jrinkbj, Jznrgjbdjk, Gjkefjlnsh, Gnfjrus,

Grjzbf, Gurmbkj Ojsa, Guruklb, Nrbtrnj, Nthbapbj, EubknjGbssju, Hjbtb, Bklbj, Fbthujkbj, Ijfb,Iaracca, Iazjigbqun, Kbenr, Kbenrbj, Waijkbj, Wwjklj, Snknejf, Sbnrrj Fnakn, \jdbmbstjk,

\jkzjkbj, \ukbsbj, \urmny, jkl ^ejklj.77\hjt bs, 70 cnktrjf gjkmsar ?2 pnrcnkt ao thn tatjf 72 cnktrjf gjkms bk rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke

cauktrbns rnspaklbke ta thbs qunstbak thjt la rnqubrn jk I\A ta apnrjtn bk pjrtknrshbp wbth j

gjkmcbtnl hbeh cast js j ojctar bkhbgbtbke thn usn ao oarijf rnibttjkcn chjkknfs. \hbs caipjrns

wbth :: cnktrjf gjkmsar cnktrjf gjkms bk rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke

cauktrbns rnspaklbke ta thbs qunstbak thjt la katrnqubrn jk I\A ta apnrjtn bk pjrtknrshbp wbth j

gjkmthjt cbtnl hbeh cast js j ojctar bkhbgbtbke thn usn ao oarijf rnibttjkcn chjkknfs.73Lrjws ak thn rnsufts ao rnspaksns ta qunstbak 3< ao thn survny qunstbakkjbrn.7 cnktrjf gjkms bk rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbnsrnspaklbke ta thbs qunstbak thjt la rnqubrn rncbpbnkts ta cakvnrt thnbr rnibttjkcns bkta facjf

currnkcycbtnl rnibttjkcn casts js j ojctar bkhbgbtbke thn usn ao oarijf rnibttjkcn chjkknfs. \hbs

caipjrns wbth 75 cnktrjf gjkmsar obotytwa pnrcnkt ao thn tatjf >7 cnktrjf gjkms bk rnibttjkcn

rncnbvbke cauktrbns rnspaklbke ta thbs qunstbak thjt la kat rnqubrn rncbpbnkts ta cakvnrt thnbr

rnibttjkcns bkta facjf currnkcythjt cbtnl rnibttjkcn casts js j ojctar bkhbgbtbke thn usn ao oarijf

rnibttjkcn chjkknfs.7>Lrjws ak thn rnsufts ao rnspaksns ta qunstbak 82 ao thn survny qunstbakkjbrn.7?Lrjws ak thn rnsufts ao rnspaksns ta qunstbaks 8? jkl 85 ao thn survny qunstbakkjbrn.75Lrjws ak thn rnsufts ao rnspaksns ta qunstbak :0> ao thn survny qunstbakkjbrn.78 \hnsn cauktrbns bkcfuln Gnfjrus, Cjpn _nrln, Nf Sjfvjlar, Hjbtb, Haklurjs, Inxbca, Sbnrrj

Fnakn, jkl \ukbsbj.72 \hn agdnctbvns jrn sbibfjr ta thasn ao thn ^kbtnl Mbkelai Lnpjrtinkt oar Bktnrkjtbakjf

Lnvnfapinkts snkliaknyhain.are wngsbtn. Knw Tnjfjkls nooarts jrn pjrt ao j grajlnr Knw

TnjfjklPjcbobc Wnibttjkcn Pradnct ta rnlucn thn jvnrjen tatjf trjksjctbakjf cast ao rnibttjkcns ta

fnss thjk > pnrcnkt gy bkcrnjsbke jccnss ta gjkmbke snrvbcns jkl pralucts, praiatbke

caipntbtbak, jkl lbssnibkjtbke obkjkcbjf cjpjgbfbty bkoarijtbak jkl nlucjtbak jgaut jvjbfjgfn

iakny trjksonr inthals jkl jssacbjtnl casts.


32/86

7:

C H J P \ N W 3

Pafbcy Bipfbcjtbaks

urvny obklbkes lrjw jttnktbak ta j sbekbobcjkt fjcm ao caarlbkjtbak gy ijky cnktrjf

gjkms bk ljtj caffnctbak, jt j onw lboonrnkt fnvnfs. Cnktrjf gjkms jkl athnr kjtbakjf

bkstbtutbaks rnspaksbgfn oar ljtj caffnctbak knnl ta bipravn caarlbkjtbak bk thbs jrnj,

wbth iarn systnijtbc ljtj jkl bkoarijtbak nxchjken, gnttnr caiiukbcjtbak, jkl iarn

noonctbvn lbvbsbak ao fjgar ta jvabl lupfbcjtbak ao nooarts. Gnttnr caarlbkjtbak bk ljtj

caffnctbak knnls ta accur gath jcrass bkstbtutbaks jkl jiake lboonrnkt lbvbsbaks wbthbk

thn sjin bkstbtutbak bk j kuignr ao cauktrbns.

Oar ijdar rnibttjkcn carrblars, lnvnfapbke sain injks ao rneufjr, iarn

systnijtbc shjrbke ao ljtj jkl bkoarijtbak ak iberjkt rnibttjkcn ofaws gntwnnk

cauktnrpjrt kjtbakjf bkstbtutbaks bs jfsa bipartjkt, bk arlnr ta nksurn thn oariufjtbak

ao jppraprbjtn kjtbakjf pafbcbns, pjrtbcufjrfy bk rnspaksn ta sullnk jkl ninrebke

chjkens bk thn sbzn, caipasbtbak, jkl chjkknfs oar rnibttjkcn trjksonrs.

Jfthaueh 2? pnrcnkt ao rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns hjvn sain rneufjr injks ao

ljtj caffnctbak, j ijdarbty ao cnktrjf gjkms bk thn cauktrbns survnynl, jkl knjrfy 80pnrcnkt bk SugSjhjrjk Jorbcj, cbtn j knnl oar gnttnr stjtbstbcs jkl stulbns ak iberjtbak

jkl rnibttjkcns js thn iast bipartjkt pafbcy jrnj oar bipravbke thn noobcbnkcy jkl

sncurbty ao rnibttjkcn trjksonrs. Bt wbff gn bipartjkt oar cnktrjf gjkms jkl athnr

kjtbakjf jutharbtbns rnspaksbgfn oar ljtj caffnctbak ta ebvn ourthnr jttnktbak ta

bipravbke pracnlurns oar ljtj caffnctbak, bkcfulbke gy iakbtarbke crassgarlnr

rnibttjkcn ofaws ljtj jt hbehnr ornqunkcbns jkl lbsjeernejtbke gy saurcn cauktry

whnrn passbgfn. Oar ijky rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns, bt wbff jfsa gn bipartjkt ta

rnvbsn ljtj caipbfjtbak inthals ta gnttnr lbstbkeubsh rnibttjkcn bkofaws orai athnr

typns ao bkofaws jkl ta lbsjeernejtn gy rnibttjkcn cjtneary. Such bipravninkts ta

ljtj caffnctbak prjctbcns wbff gn crbtbcjf ta noonctbvnfy iakbtarbke thnsn crassgarlnrofaws, pjrtbcufjrfy bk thn ojcn ao hnbehtnknl cakcnrks thjt thn efagjf obkjkcbjf crbsbs

jkl thn nksubke ncakaibc lawkturks bk j kuignr ao iberjkt lnstbkjtbak cauktrbns

hjvn gnnk knejtbvnfy joonctbke thn jiaukt ao crassgarlnr iberjkt rnibttjkcn ofaws ta

ijky rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns. Iarn systnijtbc jkl ornqunkt ljtj iakbtarbke

jkl nvjfujtbakgjcmnl gy rnpartbke rneufjtbaks ta nksurn thjt thn rnibttjkcn trjksonr

trjksjctbaks ao js ijky rnibttjkcn snrvbcn pravblnrs js passbgfn jrn cjpturnlcaufl

bipravn thn jgbfbty ao pafbcy ijmnrs ta lnvnfap gnttnr bkoarinl jkl iarn jppraprbjtn

pafbcy rnspaksns ta chjkens bk crassgarlnr ofaws thjt caufl bipjct ijcrancakaibc

stjgbfbty jkl pavnrty fnvnfs.:Bt wbff gn bipartjkt oar cauktrbns ta caktbkun ta gubfl ak

thn warm ao lnvnfapbke stjkljrl rnibttjkcns cakcnpts jkl stjtbstbcjf lnobkbtbaks thjtfnl bk 7002 ta thn sbxth nlbtbak ao thn BIOs Gjfjkcn ao Pjyinkts jkl Bktnrkjtbakjf

Bkvnstinkt Pasbtbak Ijkujf (GPI?) jkl thn BIOs Bktnrkjtbakjf \rjksjctbaks bk

S


33/86


Wnibttjkcns4 Eubln oar Caipbfnrs jkl ^snrs, gy caktbkubke ta nxchjken bkoarijtbak jkl

cakonr ak lnvnfapbke iarn hjriakbznl jpprajchns ta ljtj rnpartbke jkl caipbfjtbak

bkcfulbke, oar nxjipfn, thrnshafls oar rnpartbke rnibttjkcns snkt thraueh nfnctrakbc

oukl trjksonrs.7

Js knw typns ao WSP ninren, bt wbff gncain bkcrnjsbkefy bipartjkt oar cauktrbns ta

tjmn bkta jccaukt knw chjkknfs jkl tnchkafaebns bk caffnctbke ljtj jkl iakbtarbke

rnibttjkcns trjksonrrnl thraueh thnsn knw chjkknfs. \hnsn ljtj jkl bkoarijtbak wbff

gn mny ta lnvnfapbke jppraprbjtn kjtbakjf pafbcy rnspaksns, pjrtbcufjrfy oar cauktrbns

whnrn rnibttjkcn bkofaws jrn sbekbobcjkt rnfjtbvn ta thn sbzn ao thn ncakaiy.

Jfthaueh ijky ao thn knw nktrjkts ta thn WSP ijrmnt jrn kat ynt vnry jctbvn bk

trjksonrrbke crassgarlnr rnibttjkcns, thnrn bs sbekbobcjkt patnktbjf oar knwfy ninrebke

tnchkafaebns jkl chjkknfs, such js iagbfn phakn snrvbcn pravblnrs, ta gncain iarn

sbekbobcjkt bk outurn bk crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn trjksonrs, pjrtbcufjrfy js thny jrn

jfrnjly prnsnkt bk sain lainstbc rnibttjkcn trjksonr ijrmnts. Ebvnk thjt thn

rnibttjkcn trjksonr jctbvbtbns ao ijky ao thn knwnr ijrmnt nktrjkts jrn kat rneufjtnl jt

jff bk j kuignr ao cauktrbns, kjtbakjf obkjkcbjf ijrmnt rneufjtary jutharbtbns jkl

iagbfn phakn snrvbcn kntwarm apnrjtars shaufl warm cfasnfy ta strbmn thn rbeht gjfjkcn

bk rneufjtbke thnsn knw tnchkafaebns oar iakny trjksonr.3\hbs waufl jffaw oar gnttnr

iakbtarbke jkl uklnrstjklbke ao thn rbsms jssacbjtnl wbth thnsn knw chjkknfs, js wnff

js rnjchbke thn ouff patnktbjf ao thnsn knw tnchkafaebns bk oastnrbke bknxpnksbvn jkl

noobcbnkt rnibttjkcn trjksonr snrvbcns ta thn paar.

Lnvnfapbke knw lnfbvnry tnchkafaebnsiagbfn phakn, Bktnrknt, cjsh cjrlsbs akn

ao thn wjys cauktrbns jrn nxpjklbke thn rnjch ao rnibttjkcns snrvbcns ta rurjf jrnjs,

jccarlbke ta thn survny rnsufts. Bt waufl gn usnouf oar cauktrbns wbth j fjren kuignr aorncbpbnkts ao rnibttjkcns bk rurjf jrnjs ta nxchjken bkoarijtbak jkl fnssaks fnjrknl ak

gnst prjctbcns, jkl shjrn knw tnchkafaebns bk thbs jrnj.

\hnrn ijy gn patnktbjf oar cnrtjbk kakgjkm WSPs ta pfjy j ernjtnr rafn bk

pravbsbak ao rnibttjkcn snrvbcns ta rncbpbnkts bk rurjf jrnjs. Oar nxjipfn, oar sain

cauktrbns, bt ijy ijmn snksn oar kjtbakjf pastjf systnis, whnrn thny hjvn nxtnksbvn

rurjf grjkch kntwarms, ta jlapt knw tnchkafaebns oar rnibttjkcn trjksonrs ar oari

pjrtknrshbps wbth I\As ar athnr WSPs thjt hjvn jccnss ta eaal tnfncais bkorjstructurn

jkl cfnjrbke systnis. Bk rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns whnrn ibcraobkjkcn

bkstbtutbaks hjvn j mkawk jkl trustnl prnsnkcn bk rurjf jrnjs, thny ijy jfsa pfjy j

patnktbjffy usnouf rafn bk nxpjklbke thn autrnjch ao rnibttjkcn lnfbvnry thraueh oarijfchjkknfs ta rurjf jrnjs jkl passbgfy jfsa bkcrnjsn thn jccnss ao rurjf papufjtbaks thjt

jrn currnktfy ukgjkmnl ta rnibttjkcnfbkmnl sjvbkes jkl athnr obkjkcbjf pralucts.

Oar ijky rnibttjkcn carrblars warflwbln, jppraprbjtn kjtbakjf pafbcbns jkl

bkbtbjtbvns shaufl gn bipfninktnl ta jllrnss thn hbeh cast ao rnibttjkcn trjksonrs

cbtnl bk thn survny rnsufts js thn tap sbkefn ojctar bkhbgbtbke iberjkts orai usbke

oarijf chjkknfs. Pafbcbns jkl apnrjtbke nkvbrakinkts thjt ojcbfbtjtn thn nktrjkcn ao

knw WSPs bk thn ijrmnt tnkl ta fnjl ta j rnluctbak bk trjksonr casts jkl jk

bipravninkt bk snrvbcn qujfbty.Wnklnrbke bt bffnejf oar I\As ta rnqubrn

nxcfusbvbty caktrjcts bs akn bipartjkt stnp thjt hjs gnnk tjmnk rncnktfy gy j kuignr ao


34/86


kjtbakjf rneufjtary jutharbtbns bk Jorbcj jkl nfsnwhnrn. Ijmbke ourthnr praernss ta thbs

nkl bk cauktrbns whnrn nxcfusbvbty caktrjcts rnijbk bk noonct wbff gn bipartjkt ta

bkcrnjsbke caipntbtbvnknss jkl rnlucbke trjksonr casts.

\hn cast ao rnibttjkcn snrvbcns bs lntnribknl gy patnktbjf custainrs jwjrnknss ao

chabcns, js wnff js thn kuignr ao jftnrkjtbvn chjkknfs jkl ijrmnt caipntbtars, jiake

athnr ojctars (snn Wjthj jkl Wbnlgnre, 700>). \hus, jkathnr stnp tawjrl rnlucbke casts

ao rnibttjkcn trjksonr waufl gn nxpjklbke obkjkcbjf fbtnrjcy cjipjbeks jkl

praiatbakjf nooarts thjt bkcrnjsn thn pugfbcs trust bk gjkms jkl athnr WSPs jkl

jllrnss thn fjcm ao bkoarijtbak ak rnibttjkcn pralucts jkl chjkknfs. \hnsn stnps

caufl jfsa ea sain wjy tawjrl jllrnssbke ojctars cbtnl gy j fjren ijdarbty ao survny

rnspaklnkts js bkhbgbtbke iberjkts orai usbke oarijf trjksonr chjkknfs.

Ourthnr nipbrbcjf rnsnjrch, tjmbke thbs warm oarwjrl, caufl oacus ak nxjibkbke

whnthnr rnibttjkcnrncnbvbke cauktrbns jrn bipfninktbke pafbcbns thjt nkjgfn thni ta

ijxbibzn thn lnvnfapinktjf gnknobts jssacbjtnl wbth rnibttjkcn bkofaws. Ourthnr warm

bk thbs jrnj caufl jfsa usnouffy caktrbgutn gy jlvbsbke ak haw cauktrbns ibeht lnvnfap

pafbcbns ta ijxbibzn thn lnvnfapinkt gnknobts thjt patnktbjffy caufl jccrun orai

rnibttjkcn bkofaws, pjrtbcufjrfy bk thn caktnxt ao thn rjpblfy chjkebke chjkknfs jkl

tnchkafaebns oar rnibttjkcn trjksonr.?

Katns

:Nvnk whnrn rnvbsbaks ta ljtj caipbfjtbak inthals bipravn thn jccurjcy ao rnibttjkcn bkofaws

jkl/ar autofaws oar iarn rncnkt pnrbals bk j tbin snrbns, hawnvnr, thn caipjrjgbfbty ao

rnibttjkcns ljtj jcrass j tbin snrbns ijy gn bipnlnl, jt fnjst oar j trjksbtbak pnrbal, oaffawbke

rnvbsbak ao caipbfjtbak inthals, whnrn bt bs kat passbgfn ta rnvbsn thn ljtj oar njrfbnr pnrbals bkthn tbin snrbns bk fbkn wbth thn knw caipbfjtbak inthals.7Snn BIO (7002j) jkl BIO (7002g).3Akn oarui thjt bs warmbke wbth eavnrkinkts jkl lnvnfapinkt jenkcbns ta blnktboy thn aptbiui

rneufjtary orjinwarm jkl ta lnvnfap j caiinrcbjf jkl tnchkbcjf orjinwarm ta nkjgfn iagbfn

phakn snrvbcns pravblnrs ta snt up iagbfn iakny trjksonr snrvbcns bs thn Iagbfn Iakny \rjksonr

praerji uklnr thn Eraupn Spncbjfn Iagbfn Jssacbjtbak (ESIJ). Ourthnr bkoarijtbak ak thn

warm jkl jbis ao thbs praerji bs jvjbfjgfn jt bts wngsbtn4 http4//7:?.732.7:3.5/iit/bklnx.jsp.).>Snn jfsa BOJL (7005).?\hnsn rncaiinkljtbaks ak haw thbs warm caufl gn tjmnk oarwjrl wnrn gjsnl ak caiinkts

pravblnl gy thn Cnktrjf Gjkm ao thn Wnpugfbc ao \urmny, whbch pravblnl bkput oar thbs pjpnrssurvny ak ljtj caffnctbak jkl rneufjtbak ao crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn ofaws.


35/86

7. Uarmnrs Wnibttjkcns ta Lnvnfapbke Cauktrbns4 J Survny

wbth Cnktrjf Gjkms ak Snfnctnl Pugfbc Pafbcy Bssuns. Uarfl Gjkm Pafbcy Wnsnjrch

Uarmbke Pjpnr Ka. 3?38. Ujshbketak, LC4 Uarfl Gjkm.

Bktnrkjtbakjf Oukl oar Jerbcufturjf Lnvnfapinkt. 7005. Snklbke Iakny Hain4

Uarflwbln Wnibttjkcn Ofaws ta Lnvnfapbke jkl \rjksbtbak Cauktrbns. Wain4 BOJL.

Bktnrkjtbakjf Iakntjry Oukl. :223. Gjfjkcn ao Pjyinkts jkl Bktnrkjtbakjf Bkvnstinkt

Pasbtbak Ijkujf, Oboth Nlbtbak (GPI>).Ujshbketak, LC4 BIO.

. 7002j. Gjfjkcn ao Pjyinkts jkl Bktnrkjtbakjf Bkvnstinkt Pasbtbak Ijkujf, Sbxth

Nlbtbak (GPI?).Ujshbketak, LC4 BIO.

. 7002g. Bktnrkjtbakjf \rjksjctbaks bk Wnibttjkcns4 Eubln oar Caipbfnrs jkl ^snrs.

Ujshbketak, LC4 BIO

Arazca, Ijkunf. 7007. Jttrjctbke Wnibttjkcns4 Ijrmnt, Iakny jkl Wnlucnl Casts.Ujshbketak, LC4 BktnrJinrbcjk Lnvnfapinkt Gjkm.

Wjthj, Lbfbp. 7005. Fnvnrjebke Wnibttjkcns oar Lnvnfapinkt. Iberjtbak Pafbcy

Bkstbtutn Pafbcy Grbno.

, jkl D. Wbnlgnre. 700>. Ak Wnlucbke Wnibttjkcn Casts. Ujshbketak, LC4

Uarfl Gjkm.

, Sjkmnt Iahjpjtrj, jkl Jkb Sbfwjf. 7002. Iberjtbak jkl Lnvnfapinkt Grbno

::. Ujshbketak, LC4 Uarfl Gjkm.

Uarfl Gjkm. 700>. Ncakaibc Bipfbcjtbaks ao Wnibttjkcns jkl Iberjtbak, Efagjf

Ncakaibc Praspncts. Ujshbketak, LC4 Uarfl Gjkm.


36/86

7>

Jppnklbxns


37/86

7? Uarfl Gjkm Uarmbke Pjpnr

Jppnklbx :. Survny Zunstbakkjbrn4 Oacus akWnibttjkcn Bkofaws

Bktraluctbak jkl Autfbkn\hjkm yau oar tjmbke thn tbin ta caipfntn aur survny ak thn kjtbakjf rneufjtary

nkvbrakinkt oar iberjkts crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn ofaws, iakbtarbke prjctbcns, jkl

iberjkt crassgarlnr rnibttjkcns ljtj. \hbs survny bs pjrt ao j fjrenr crasscauktry

ljtj jkl bkoarijtbak caffnctbak nxnrcbsn bktnklnl ta obff thn mkawfnlen ejp ak thn

bipjct ao iberjkt rnibttjkcns ak lnvnfapinkt. \hn obklbkes orai thbs survny, whbch bs

gnbke snkt ta cnktrjf gjkms jkl athnr rnfnvjkt kjtbakjf jutharbtbns warflwbln, jrn

bktnklnl ta hnfp bkoari outurn nooarts ta strnkethnk thn cjpjcbty ao kjtbakjf pafbcy

ijmnrs jkl bkstbtutbaks ta jkjfyzn rnfnvjkt trnkls jkl lntnribkjkts ao thnsn cjpbtjf

ofaws bk arlnr ta nkhjkcn thnbr lnvnfapinkt bipjct.

\hn survny qunstbakkjbrn thjt oaffaws bs structurnl bk obvn ijbk snctbaks, oaffawbke

thn autfbkn gnfaw. Pfnjsn caipfntn jff ao thn qunstbaks thjt jrn rnfnvjkt ta yaur

cauktrys pjrtbcufjr sbtujtbak js j rncbpbnkt jkl/ar saurcn ao rnibttjkcn ofaws.

Snctbak B. Wncnkt ljtj caffnctnl ak rnibttjkcn bkofaws

Snctbak BB. Ljtj caffnctbak prjctbcns4 Wnibttjkcn bkofaws

Snctbak BBB. Kjtbakjf rneufjtary nkvbrakinkt oar iberjkt rnibttjkcn ofaws

Snctbak B_. Obkjkcbjf bkorjstructurn suppartbke crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn ofaws

Snctbak _. Gnst Prjctbcns, Pugfbc Pafbcy Bssuns, Gbfjtnrjf Jernninkts oar Ljtj jkl

\nchkafaey Shjrbke

Pfnjsn rnturk thn caipfntnl qunstbakkjbrn ta thn Uarfl Gjkm Eraup, ta thn jttnktbak ao Ir.Lbfbp Wjthj, Ijkjenr, Iberjtbak & Wnibttjkcns \nji, Uarfl Gjkm Eraup, :8:8 H Strnnt,KU, Ujshbketak, LC 7077-3>?


38/86


B. Wncnkt Ljtj Caffnctnl ak Wnibttjkcn Bkofaws

Gy caipbfbke jvjbfjgfn kjtbakjf ljtj ak iberjkt rnibttjkcn ofaws, rnspaksns ta thbs snt ao qunstbaks

wbff bipravn thn uklnrstjklbke ao thn ijekbtuln jkl chjrjctnrbstbcs ao rnibttjkcn ofaws, wbth j vbnw

ta enknrjtbke bkoarinl pafbcy rncaiinkljtbaks thjt waufl ijxbibzn thnbr pasbtbvn lnvnfapinktbipjct.

:. Lans yaur bkstbtutbak caffnct ljtj ak crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn bkofaws1

j. Rns

g. Ka, bt bs jkathnr bkstbtutbak(s)4 pfnjsn spncboy4 Bo yau chncmnl Ka jt fnot, smbp ta Snctbak BBB, Zunstbak 37

7. Jccarlbke ta yaur nstbijtns, whjt bs thn jkkujf vafuin ao crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn

bkofaws ta yaur cauktry sbkcn 700>1

\jgfn :

b. Uarmnrsrnibttjkcn

bkofaws (^S$)bb. Caipnksjtbak ao

nipfaynns (^S$)bbb. Iberjkts

trjksonrs (^S$)bv. \atjf

(^S$)

v. Bkoarijfrnibttjkcn

bkofaws (^S$)

j) 7005 (oarncjst)

g) 700?

c) 700>

Pfnjsn jfsa pravbln thnsn ljtj oar njrfbnr ynjrs bo jvjbfjgfn4

l) 700 oar njch typn ao bkstbtutbak fbstnl gnfaw thjt lnfbvnrs

rnibttjkcn bkofawsta rncbpbnkts bk yaur cauktry jt prnsnkt. Pfnjsn pravbln nstbijtns, bo

kncnssjry.

\jgfn >

b. Kuignraobkstbtutbaks

bb. \atjf kuignrao grjkchns

bbb. Kuignr aogrjkchns bk rurjf jrnjs

j) Obris spncbjfbznl bk iakny trjksonrs (Unstnrk ^kbak,Iakny Erji, ntc.)

g) Prbvjtn caiinrcbjf gjkms

c) Stjtn-awknl gjkmsl) Nxchjken gurnjus

n) Ibcraobkjkcn bkstbtutbaks

o) Sjvbkes jkl fajk bkstbtutbaks

e) Crnlbt ukbaks jkl sjvbkes caapnrjtbvns

h) Athnr obkjkcbjf bkstbtutbaks thjt rncnbvn jkl/ar snklrnibttjkcns4 pfnjsn spncboy

b) Past aoobcns

d) Iagbfn phakn/tnfncais snrvbcn pravblnrs

m) Athnr kak-obkjkcbjf bkstbtutbaks thjt lnfbvnr rnibttjkcns4

pfnjsn spncboy


41/86


BB. Ljtj Caffnctbak Prjctbcns4 Wnibttjkcn bkofaws

Noonctbvn kjtbakjf ljtj caffnctbak jkl athnr systnis jkl pracnlurns oar iakbtarbke iberjkt rnibttjkcn

ofaws hnfp nkjgfn kjtbakjf pafbcy ijmnrs ta lnvbsn jppraprbjtn pafbcbns thjt waufl praiatn thn

gnknobcbjf lnvnfapinkt nooncts ao rnibttjkcns. \hbs snt ao qunstbaks jbis ta tjmn jk bkvnktary aokjtbakjf ljtj caffnctbak prjctbcns ta jssnss kjtbakjf cjpjcbty bk thbs jrnj ak j crasscauktry gjsbs.

:7. Uhbch lbvbsbak(s) wbthbk yaur bkstbtutbak currnktfy bs(jrn) rnspaksbgfn oar caffnctbke

ljtj ak rnibttjkcn bkofaws1

:3. Haw fake jea lbl yaur bkstbtutbak obrst gnebk caffnctbke ljtj jkl bkoarijtbak ak

rnibttjkcn bkofaws1

j. Avnr thn pjst ynjr

g. 7-> ynjrs jea

c. ?-:0 ynjrs jea

l. ::-70 ynjrs jea

n. Iarn thjk 70 ynjrs jea

o. Athnr4 pfnjsn spncboy

:. Athnr thjk chjkens bk ljtj caffnctbak ornqunkcy, hjvn yaur ljtj caffnctbak prjctbcns

oar rnibttjkcn bkofawschjkenl bk athnr wjys avnr thn pjst obvn ynjrs1

j. Rns

g. Ka Bo yau chncmnl Ka jt fnot, smbp ta Z. :5

:?. Pfnjsn bklbcjtn thn wjys bk whbch thnsn prjctbcns hjvn chjkenl. Chncm jff thjt

jppfy.

j. Bk tnris ao typns ao ljtj caipbfnl Pfnjsn spncboy haw4

g. Bk tnris ao chjkens bk saurcns ao ljtj Pfnjsn spncboy haw4

c. Athnr Pfnjsn spncboy4


42/86

Iberjkt Wnibttjkcn Ofaws4 Obklbkes orai j Efagjf Survny ao Cnktrjf Gjkms 3:

:5. La yau hjvn jky pfjks ta chjken thn cavnrjen ao yaur ljtj ak rnibttjkcns bkofaws

jkl/ar thn inthalafaey usnl ta injsurn rnibttjkcns1

j. Rns


:8. Pfnjsn lnscrbgn yaur currnkt ar outurn bkbtbjtbvns ak thbs ijttnr.

:2. Pfnjsn pravbln thn oaffawbke bkoarijtbak ak thn saurcns ao yaur bkstbtutbaks ljtj

ak rnibttjkcn bkofawsgy jkswnrbke thn jppfbcjgfn qunstbaks bk \jgfn 5 gnfaw.

\jgfn 5

b. Saurcn ao ljtjak rnibttjkcnbkofaws(Rns/Ka)1Bo yns, sbkcnwhjt ynjr1

bb. Bo jppfbcjgfn4La kjtbakjfrneufjtbaksrnqubrn thbssaurcn tasugibtrnibttjkcnsbkofaws ljtj tathn rnfnvjktjutharbty1 (R/K)

bbb. Bo jppfbcjgfn4Haw aotnk iustthbs saurcnsugibtrnibttjkcnsbkofaws ljtj tathn rnfnvjktjutharbty1(oar nxjipfniakthfy,qujrtnrfy,jkkujffy, ntc.)

bv. Bo jppfbcjgfn4Haw lans thbssaurcn pravblnrnibttjkcnsbkofaws ljtj tathn rnfnvjktjutharbty4 gypast, ojx, nijbf,athnr (pfnjsnspncboy)1

j) Obris spncbjfbznl bk iakny trjksonrs(Unstnrk ^kbak, Iakny Erji, ntc.)


c) Stjtn-awknl gjkms

l) Nxchjken gurnjusn) Ibcraobkjkcn bkstbtutbaks


e) Crnlbt ukbaks jkl sjvbkescaapnrjtbvns

h) Athnr obkjkcbjf bkstbtutbaks thjtrncnbvn jkl/ar snkl rnibttjkcns4pfnjsn spncboy

b) Past aoobcns

d) Iagbfn phakn/tnfncais snrvbcnpravblnrs

m) Athnr kak-obkjkcbjf bkstbtutbaks thjt

lnfbvnr rnibttjkcns4 pfnjsn spncboy

f) Snttfninkt jkl cfnjrjkcn jenkcbns

i) Bkoarijtbak rnpartnl gy iberjktsnktnrbke thn cauktry (jt jbrparts jklathnr pabkts ao nktry)

k) Survnys ao hausnhafls

a) Survnys ak spnklbke gytaurbsts/vbsbtars ta yaur cauktry (whbchbkcfuln ljtj caffnctbak ak vbsbtbkekjtbakjfs ao yaur cauktry kaw rnsblbkeavnrsnjs jkl cjrrybke rnibttjkcns gyhjkl)

p) Athnr= pfnjsn spncboy4


43/86


70. Uhjt typns ao trjksjctbaks la yau rncarl js iberjkt rnibttjkcn bkofaws1 Pfnjsn

chncm jff thjt jppfy.

j. Gjkm lrjot pjyinkts

g. Chncms bssunl gy gjkms bk oarnbek durbslbctbaksc. Bktnrkjtbakjf iakny arlnrs snkt gy past

l. Bktnrkjtbakjf iakny arlnrs snkt nfnctrakbcjffy

n. Nfnctrakbc oukl trjksonrs thraueh carrnspaklnkt gjkms

o. Nfnctrakbc oukl trjksonrs orai rnibttnrs gjkm lbrnctfy ta lngbt ar prnpjbl cjrl hnfl gy rnibttjkcn rncbpbnkt

e. ^sn ao prn-pjbl jkl lngbt cjrls oar rnibttjkcns jt rntjbf starns bk yaur cauktry

h. Nfnctrakbc trjksonr ao rnibttjkcns ta thn iagbfn phakn ao j rnibttjkcn rncbpbnkt bk yaur cauktry

b. Ubthlrjwjfs jt jutaijtnl tnffnr ijchbkns (J\Is) bk yaur cauktry gy rnibttjkcn rncbpbnkts usbke cjrls bssunl gyoarnbek obkjkcbjf bkstbtutbaks

d. Wnibttjkcn bkofaws rncnbvnl gy obris spncbjfbznl bk crass-garlnr iakny trjksonr apnrjtbaks (Iakny Erji, Unstnrk

^kbak)m. Iakny rnpartnl jt jbrparts/athnr pabkts ao nktry ta yaur cauktry gy iberjkts rnturkbke oar vbsbts

f. Purchjsn ao j hain ar athnr rnjf nstjtn bk yaur cauktry gy iberjkts orai yaur cauktry rnsblbke avnrsnjs oar thnusn ao gnknobcbjrbns bk yaur cauktry

i. Athnr4 pfnjsn spncboy

7:. Uhbch inthals jrn usnl gy yaur bkstbtutbak bk caffnctbke ljtj jkl athnr

bkoarijtbak ak iberjkt rnibttjkcn bkofaws1 Pfnjsn chncm jff thjt jppfy.

j. Ljtj caffnctnl orai thn gjkmbke systni

g. Wnpartbke ao ljtj ak thnsn ofaws gy kakgjkms thjt pravbln rnibttjkcn snrvbcns

c. Nstbijtns ao thnsn ofaws usbke survnys

l. Cjfcufjtbke iberjkts prapnksbty ta rnibt nstbijtns

77. Lans thn ljtj yau caffnct jffaw yau ta blnktboy thn saurcn cauktry ao rnibttjkcn

bkofaws1

j. Rns g. Ka

73. Lans thn ljtj yau caffnct jffaw yau ta blnktboy thn kuignrao rnibttjkcn bkofaw

trjksjctbaks1

j. Rns g. Ka

7


44/86


7>. Haw hjvn rnibttjkcn bkofaws thraueh bkoarijf chjkknfs gnnk nstbijtnl1 Pfnjsn


j. Ljtj caffnctbak jt jbrparts jkl athnr pabkts ao nktry ak cjsh cjrrbnl jcrass yaur garlnrs ta rnibttjkcn rncbpbnktsrnsblbke bk yaur cauktry gy vbsbtbke kjtbakjfs kaw rnsblbke avnrsnjs.

g. Ljtj caffnctbak ak cjsh cjrrbnl jcrass yaur garlnrs gy caurbnr trjkspart caipjkbns thjt bs lnfbvnrnl ta rnibttjkcnrncbpbnkts rnsblbke bk yaur cauktry

c. Athnr= pfnjsn spncboy

7?. Hjvn rnibttjkcn bkofawsthraueh bkoarijf chjkknfs gnnk nstbijtnl ak4

j. J akn-aoo gjsbs Bo yau chncmnl jt fnot, whnk1

g. Jk jl hac gjsbs Bo yau chncmnl jt fnot, whnk1

c. Pnrbalbc gjsbs Bo yau chncmnl jt fnot, haw ornqunktfy1

l. Athnr Bo yau chncmnl jt fnot, pfnjsn spncboy4

75. Jsbln orai yaur bkstbtutbak, jrn thnrn athnr bkstbtutbaks jkl/ar eavnrkinkt

jenkcbns bk yaur cauktry caffnctbke jkl caipbfbke kjtbakjf ljtj jkl athnr bkoarijtbak

orai iuftbpfn saurcns ak rnibttjkcn bkofaws1

j. Rns

g. Ka Bo yau chncmnl Ka jt fnot, smbp ta Snctbak BB B, qunstbak 37

78. Pfnjsn bklbcjtn whbch bkstbtutbaks caipbfn thnsn ljtj bk yaur cauktry.

j. Kjtbakjf stjtbstbcs aoobcn/jenkcy

g. Ibkbstry ao Obkjkcn

c. Ibkbstry ao \aurbsi

l. Fjgar Ibkbstry

n. Athnr= pfnjsn spncboy4

72. Haw lans thn caffnctbak ao ljtj ak crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn bkofawsgy thn

bkstbtutbak(s) bklbcjtnl jgavn lboonr orai thjt caipbfnl gy yaur bkstbtutbak1

30. Lans yaur bkstbtutbak jkl/ar thn bkstbtutbak(s) bklbcjtnl bk Z. 78 hjvn jk

jrrjkeninkt bk pfjcn ta nxchjken ljtj jkl bkoarijtbak ak rnibttjkcn bkofaws ak jrneufjr gjsbs1

j. Rns


3:. Pfnjsn bklbcjtn gnfaw haw aotnk thnsn ljtj jrn nxchjkenl1

j. Iakthfy

g. Zujrtnrfy

c. Jkkujffy

l. Athnr= pfnjsn spncboy4


45/86

3


46/86

Iberjkt Wnibttjkcn Ofaws4 Obklbkes orai j Efagjf Survny ao Cnktrjf Gjkms 3>

3. Lans yaur bkstbtutbaks stjtutn ar chjrtnr stjtn nxpfbcbtfy thjt iakbtarbke ao

rnibttjkcn bkofawsbs jiake yaur bkstbtutbaks oukctbaks1

j. Rns

g. Ka


47/86

3? Uarfl Gjkm Uarmbke Pjpnr

3?. Jrn thnrn rnpartbke rnqubrninkts wbth whbch bkstbtutbaks thjt rncnbvn jkl lnfbvnr

crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn bkofawsiust caipfy1

j. Rns

g. Ka Bo yau chncmnl Ka jt fnot, smbp ta Snctbak BBB.C, Zunstbak

35. Bo yns, ta Z. 3?, pfnjsn pravbln thn oaffawbke rnqunstnl bkoarijtbak bk \jgfn :0 ak

rnpartbke rnqubrninkts oar njch typn ao bkstbtutbak bk yaur cauktry thjt rncnbvns jkl

lnfbvnrs rnibttjkcn bkofaws.

\jgfn :0

b. Pfnjsn ijrm wbth jk Xgnfaw bo thn bkstbtutbak bsrnqubrnl ta rnpart rnibttjkcnbkofaws ta yaur bkstbtutbak.

bb. Pfnjsn fbst bo thnrn bs jkathnrbkstbtutbak ta whbch rnibttjkcnbkofaws iust gn rnpartnl.

j) Obris spncbjfbznl bk iakny trjksonrs (Unstnrk^kbak, Iakny Erji, ntc.)



l) Nxchjken gurnjus




h) Athnr obkjkcbjf bkstbtutbaks thjt lnfbvnrrnibttjkcns4 pfnjsn spncboy

b) Past aoobcnsd) Iagbfn phakn/tnfncais snrvbcn pravblnrs

m) Athnr kak-obkjkcbjf bkstbtutbaks thjt lnfbvnrrnibttjkcns4 pfnjsn spncboy

38. Pfnjsn bklbcjtn gnfaw thn spncbobc typns ao bkoarijtbak thjt iust gn rnpartnl gy

njch typn ao bkstbtutbak thjt bs rnqubrnl ta rnpart rnibttjkcn bkofawsta yaur bkstbtutbak.

j. Wnibttjkcn bkofaws trjksjctbak jiaukts

g. Wnibttjkcns snklbke cauktry (thjt bs, thn cauktry bk whbch thn rnibttjkcns snklnr bs gjsnl)

c. Spncbobc bkstruinkt usnl ta trjksibt rnibttjkcns ta rncbpbnkts bk yaur cauktry

l. \hn ijkljtary bkoarijtbak ta gn rnpartnl lnpnkls ak (vjrbns gy) thn typn ao rnibttjkcns snrvbcn pravblnr

n. Athnr4 pfnjsn spncboy

32. Bo yau chncmnl l. bk Z. 38 jgavn, waufl yau pfnjsn spncboy haw thn typn(s) ao

ijkljtary bkoarijtbak ak rnibttjkcn bkofaws rnpartnl ta yaur bkstbtutbak vjrbns gy

typn ao rnibttjkcns snrvbcns pravblnr.


48/86



49/86



50/86


:. Bo yau chncmnl c. bk Z. >0 jgavn, waufl yau pfnjsn fbst thn typn(s) ao rnibttjkcn

snrvbcn pravblnrs bk yaur cauktry thjt jrn rnqubrnl ta rnpart njch snpjrjtn crassgarlnr

rnibttjkcn autofawstrjksjctbak.

>7. Bo yau chncmnl g. ar c. bk Z. >0, waufl yau pfnjsn bklbcjtn haw aotnk rnibttjkcnsnrvbcn pravblnrs bk yaur cauktry jrn rnqubrnl ta ijmn pnrbalbc rnparts ta thn rnfnvjkt

kjtbakjf jutharbtbns ao iuftbpfn crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn autofawstrjksjctbaks4

j. Ljbfy

g. Unnmfy

c. Iakthfy

l. Zujrtnrfy

n. Athnr4 pfnjsn spncboy

>3. La thn rnpartbke rnqubrninkts oar crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn autofaws trjksjctbaksjppfy akfy jt spncbobc rnibttjkcn thrnshafls (thjt bs, jgavn j spncbobnl rnibttjkcn

jiaukt)1

j. Rns g. Ka

>3, whjt bs(jrn) thn thrnshafl jiaukt(s)1

>>. Hjvn thnrn gnnk jky rncnkt ar pfjkknl rneufjtary bkbtbjtbvns ta snnm ta hjriakbzn

thn rnpartbke rnqubrninkts wbth whbch crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn snrvbcn pravblnrs bk

yaur cauktry iust caipfy1

j. Rns g. Ka

>?. Bo yns ta Z. >>, waufl yau pfnjsn grbnofy lnscrbgn thasn bkbtbjtbvns, thn typn(s) ao

rnibttjkcn snrvbcn pravblnrs ta whbch thnsn waufl jppfy, jkl thn tbibke ao thnsn

bkbtbjtbvns (thjt bs, spncboy ljtns ao bipfninktjtbak bo passbgfn)1


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5. Bs yaur bkstbtutbak bkvafvnl bk lnvnfapbke jkl/ar bipfninktbke kjtbakjf pafbcbns

oar jktbiakny fjuklnrbke jkl caigjtbke thn obkjkcbke ao tnrrarbsi1

j. Rns

g. Ka Bo yau chncmnl Ka jt fnot, smbp ta Snctbak BBB.N, Zunstbak ?>

>8. Uhjt jrn thn spncbobc sjkctbaks thjt jrn bipasnl bk yaur cauktry wbth rnejrls ta

vbafjtbaks ao rneufjtbaks ta prnvnkt iakny fjuklnrbke jkl ta caigjt thn obkjkcbke ao

tnrrarbsi1 Pfnjsn chncm jff thjt jppfy.

j. Obkns oar bkstbtutbaks jkl/ar bklbvblujfs wha ojcbfbtjtn iakny fjuklnrbke ar thn ouklbke ao tnrrarbsi

g. Caurt-arlnrnl ornnzbke ao oukls bkvafvnl bk thn pjrtbcufjr trjksjctbak(s)

c. Biprbsakinkt

l. Athnr4 pfnjsn spncboy

>2. Uhbch nktbty(bns) bk yaur cauktrbns nkoarcn(s) thnsn sjkctbaks1

j. Cnktrjf gjkm

g. Ibkbstry ao obkjkcn

c. J snpjrjtn kjtbakjf (ar rnebakjf) jutharbty snt up jkl spncbobcjffy chjrenl wbth prnvnktbke iakny fjuklnrbke

l. Athnr4 pfnjsn spncboy

?0. Bs thnrn j wbke oar jktbiakny fjuklnrbke/caigjtbke thn obkjkcbke ao tnrrarbsi

wbthbk yaur cauktrys enknrjf fjw nkoarcninkt jutharbtbns, whbch caapnrjtns wbthyaur ar athnr kjtbakjf jutharbtbns ak caipfbjkcn/nkoarcninkt ijttnrs1

j. Rns g. Ka

?:. Jrn thnrn pfjks ta nkhjkcn kjtbakjf rneufjtbaks jkl inchjkbsis ta prnvnkt iakny

fjuklnrbke jkl ta caigjt thn obkjkcbke ao tnrrarbsi bk yaur cauktry1

j. Rns g. Ka

?7. Bo yns, ta Z. ?:, pfnjsn lnscrbgn thnsn pfjks jkl nkvbsjenl ljtn(s) oar

bipfninktjtbak.


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Iberjkt Wnibttjkcn Ofaws4 Obklbkes orai j Efagjf Survny ao Cnktrjf Gjkms


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, hjs thn cnktrjf gjkm usnl thnsn fnejf pawnrs bk arlnr ta fawnr

currnkcy cakvnrsbak casts oar rnibttjkcns bk thn pjst obvn ynjrs1

j. Rns g. Ka

55. Bo yns ta Z. 5>, haw jkl whnk1


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8?. Hjvn thnrn gnnk jky bkbtbjtbvns gy obkjkcbjf jutharbtbns ta nxpjkl thn autrnjch ao

rnibttjkcns snrvbcns ta rurjf jrnjs/rniatn facjtbaks bk yaur cauktry1

j. Rns g. Ka

85. Bo yns ta Z. 8?, pfnjsn grbnofy lnscrbgn thnsn bkbtbjtbvns, bklbcjtbke bipfninktjtbak

ljtns.

_. Gnst Prjctbcns, Pugfbc Pafbcy Bssuns, Jernninkts oar Ljtj, jkl\nchkafaey Shjrbke

Gy tjmbke j crasscauktry bkvnktary ao kjtbakjf jutharbtbns vbnws ak gnst prjctbcns jkl bipartjkt

pugfbc pafbcy bssuns, js wnff js thn nxtnkt ta whbch cauktrbns hjvn kneatbjtnl ljtj jkl/ar tnchkafaey

shjrbke jernninkts ta bipravn bkoarijtbak jkl/ar noobcbnkcy ao systnis, thbs snt ao qunstbaks snnms ta

ejuen ninrebke prbarbty pafbcy bssuns jkl prjctbcns oar thn rnebak jkl thn nxtnkt ta whbch cauktrbns

ijmn usn ao jkl gnknobt orai caffjgarjtbvn jernninkts bk thbs jrnj.

88. Orai yaur pnrspnctbvn, jrn jky ao thn oaffawbke jrnjs bk knnl ao bipravnl pafbcy

caarlbkjtbak wbthbk yaur cauktry1 Pfnjsn chncm jff thjt jppfy.

j. Nfbibkjtbke bkcaksbstnkcbns wbthbk kjtbakjf pafbcy vbs--vbs rnibttjkcn ofaws. Pfnjsn spncboy

g. Gnttnr ijkjeninkt ao thn tnksbak gntwnnk bipravbke obkjkcbjf jccnss jkl jvablbke obkjkcbjf crbin.

c. Athnr4 pfnjsn spncboy

82. Orai yaur pnrspnctbvn, whjt jrn thn jrnjs thjt rnqubrn iarn jttnktbak bk arlnr ta

ijmn thn trjksonr jkl lnfbvnry ao rnibttjkcns iarn noobcbnkt jkl sncurn1 Pfnjsn snfnctjff jppfbcjgfn jrnjs.

j. Gnttnr stjtbstbcs ak rnibttjkcns

g. Gnttnr stjtbstbcs jkl stulbns ak iberjkts

c. Bkcrnjsnl caipntbtbak jiake rnibttjkcn snrvbcn pravblnrs

l. Lnfbvnry ao rnibttjkcns ta rniatn jrnjs

n. Knw tnchkafaebns jkl pralucts oar thn pravbsbak ao rnibttjkcn snrvbcns

o. Obkjkcbjf bktnerbty bssuns

e. Athnr4 pfnjsn spncboy

20. Bk yaur apbkbak, jrn thnrn jky prjctbcns thjt shaufl gn prahbgbtnl bk arlnr ta ijmn

thn trjksonr jkl lnfbvnry ao crassgarlnr rnibttjkcns iarn sncurn1

2:. Lans yaur cauktry rnstrbct thn snklbke ao rnibttjkcns ta cnrtjbk cauktrbns1

j. Rns g. Ka

27. Bo jppfbcjgfn ta whbch cauktrbns bs thn snklbke ao rnibttjkcns rnstrbctnl1


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. Uhjt bkcnktbvns la yau erjkt iberjkts fbvbke jgrajl ta trjksonr thnbr iakny gjcm

ta yaur cauktry1

j. Jttrjctbvn bkvnstinkt aptbaks

g. \jx grnjmsc. Ijtchbke oukls oar rnibttjkcn-gjcmnl pradncts

l. Athnr4 Pfnjsn spncboy

:0?. Jrn thnrn jky pfjks ta oastnr thn usn ao oarijf inchjkbsis ta trjksonr rnibttjkcns,

bkstnjl ao bkoarijf chjkknfs1

j) Rns g) Ka

:05. Bo yns ta Z. :0?, pfnjsn lnscrbgn thnsn bkbtbjtbvns4

:08. La yau hjvn jky pfjks ta ijmn usn ao thn jiaukt ao oukls yaur cauktry rncnbvns

bk rnibttjkcns njch ynjr ta agtjbk jllbtbakjf obkjkcbke bk thn facjf ar bktnrkjtbakjf

ijrmnts (oar nxjipfn sncurbtbzbke outurn ofaws ao rnibttjkcns)1 Bo sa, pfnjsn lnscrbgn

thnsn bkbtbjtbvns.

\hjkm yau oar caipfntbke thn survny jkl pjrtbcbpjtbke bk aur stuly.


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>0 Uarfl Gjkm Uarmbke Pjpnr

B. Wncnkt Ljtj Caffnctnl ak Wnibttjkcn Autofaws

Gy caipbfbke jvjbfjgfn kjtbakjf ljtj ak iberjkt rnibttjkcn ofaws, rnspaksns ta thbs snt ao qunstbaks wbff

bipravn thn uklnrstjklbke ao thn ijekbtuln jkl chjrjctnrbstbcs ao rnibttjkcn ofaws, wbth j vbnw ta

enknrjtbke bkoarinl pafbcy rncaiinkljtbaks thjt waufl ijxbibzn thnbr pasbtbvn lnvnfapinkt bipjct.

:. Lans yaur bkstbtutbak caffnct ljtj ak crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn autofaws1

j. Rns

g. Ka, bt bs jkathnr bkstbtutbak(s)4 pfnjsn spncboy4 Bo yau chncmnl Ka jt fnot, smbp ta Snctbak BBB, Zunstbak 37

7. Jccarlbke ta yaur nstbijtns, whjt bs thn jkkujf vafuin ao crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn

autofawsorai yaur cauktry sbkcn 700>1

\jgfn :

b. Uarmnrsrnibttjkcnautofaws (^S$)

bb. Caipnksjtbakao nipfaynns(^S$)

bbb. Iberjktstrjksonrs (autofawsgy iberjktsnipfaynl bk yaurncakaiy) (^S$)

bv. \atjf(^S$)

v. Bkoarijfrnibttjkcnautofaws (^S$)

j) 7005(oarncjst)

g) 700?

c) 700>

Pfnjsn jfsa pravbln thnsn ljtj oar njrfbnr ynjrs bo jvjbfjgfn4

l) 700:

. Uaufl yau pfnjsn pravbln js iuch ao thn oaffawbke ljtj js jrn jvjbfjgfn ak

rnibttjkcn autofaws oar njch jppfbcjgfn trjksonr bkstruinkt oar thn iast rncnkt twa

ynjr pnrbal bk \jgfn


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?. Jrn thnrn pjrtbcufjr pnrbals ao thn ynjr whnk rnibttjkcn autofawstnkl ta gn iuch

fjrenr ar iuch sijffnr1

j. Rns g. Ka

5. Lans yaur cauktry nipfay iberjkts uklnr eunstwarmnr praerjis1

j. Rns Bo yau chncmnl Rns jt fnot, pfnjsn ea ta Z. 8

g. Ka Bo yau chncmnl Ka jt fnot, ea ta Z. 2

8. Pfnjsn bklbcjtn gnfaw wbth whbch cauktry(bns) jkl snctar(s) ao thn ncakaiy thnsn

eunst warmnr praerjis jrn bk noonct1

b. Cauktry bb. Snctar

j)

g)c)

l)

2. Bo jppfbcjgfn4 Lurbke whbch snjsaks/pnrbals ao thn ynjr jrn rnibttjkcn autofaws

fbmnfy ta gn fjrenr1

:0. Bo jppfbcjgfn4 Lurbke whbch snjsaks/pnrbals ao thn ynjr jrn rnibttjkcn autofaws

fbmnfy ta gn sijffnr1

::. Pfnjsn caipfntn \jgfn > oar njch typn ao bkstbtutbak fbstnl gnfaw thjt trjksibtsrnibttjkcn autofaws orai snklnrs bk yaur cauktry ta rncbpbnkts jgrajl jt prnsnkt.

Pfnjsn pravbln nstbijtns, bo kncnssjry.

\jgfn >

b. Kuignr aobkstbtutbaks

bb. \atjf kuignrao grjkchns

bbb. Kuignr aogrjkchns bk rurjfjrnjs

j) Obris spncbjfbznl bk iakny trjksonrs (Unstnrk ^kbak,Iakny Erji, ntc.)



l) Nxchjken gurnjus




h) Athnr obkjkcbjf bkstbtutbaks thjt trjksibt rnibttjkcns4pfnjsn spncboy

b) Past aoobcns

d) Iagbfn phakn/tnfncais snrvbcn pravblnrs

m) Athnr kak-obkjkcbjf bkstbtutbaks thjt trjksibt rnibttjkcns4pfnjsn spncboy


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Iberjkt Wnibttjkcn Ofaws4 Obklbkes orai j Efagjf Survny ao Cnktrjf Gjkms >3

BB. Ljtj Caffnctbak Prjctbcns4 Wnibttjkcn Autofaws

Noonctbvn kjtbakjf ljtj caffnctbak jkl athnr systnis jkl pracnlurns oar iakbtarbke iberjkt rnibttjkcn

ofaws hnfp nkjgfn kjtbakjf pafbcy ijmnrs ta lnvbsn jppraprbjtn pafbcbns thjt waufl praiatn thn

gnknobcbjf lnvnfapinkt nooncts ao rnibttjkcns. \hbs snt ao qunstbaks jbis ta tjmn jk bkvnktary aokjtbakjf ljtj caffnctbak prjctbcns ta jssnss kjtbakjf cjpjcbty bk thbs jrnj ak j crasscauktry gjsbs.

:7. Uhbch lbvbsbak(s) wbthbk yaur bkstbtutbak currnktfy bs(jrn) rnspaksbgfn oar caffnctbke

ljtj ak rnibttjkcn autofaws1

:3. Haw fake jea lbl yaur bkstbtutbak obrst gnebk caffnctbke ljtj jkl bkoarijtbak ak

rnibttjkcn autofaws1

j. Avnr thn pjst ynjr

g. 7-> ynjrs jea

c. ?-:0 ynjrs jea

l. ::-70 ynjrs jea

n. Iarn thjk 70 ynjrs jea

o. Athnr4 pfnjsn spncboy

:. Athnr thjk chjkens bk ljtj caffnctbak ornqunkcy, hjvn yaur ljtj caffnctbak prjctbcns

oar rnibttjkcn autofawschjkenl bk athnr wjys avnr thn pjst obvn ynjrs1

j. Rns


:?. Pfnjsn bklbcjtn thn wjys bk whbch thnsn prjctbcns hjvn chjkenl. Chncm jff thjt

jppfy.

j. Bk tnris ao typns ao ljtj caipbfnl Pfnjsn spncboy haw4

g. Bk tnris ao chjkens bk saurcns ao ljtj Pfnjsn spncboy haw4

c. Athnr Pfnjsn spncboy4


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Iberjkt Wnibttjkcn Ofaws4 Obklbkes orai j Efagjf Survny ao Cnktrjf Gjkms >>

70. Uhjt typns ao trjksjctbaks la yau rncarl js iberjkt rnibttjkcn autofaws1 Pfnjsn


j. Gjkm lrjot pjyinkts

g. Chncms bssunl gy gjkmsc. Bktnrkjtbakjf iakny arlnrs snkt gy past

l. Bktnrkjtbakjf iakny arlnrs snkt nfnctrakbcjffy

n. Nfnctrakbc oukl trjksonrs thraueh carrnspaklnkt gjkms

o. Nfnctrakbc oukl trjksonrs orai rnibttnrs gjkm bk yaur cauktry lbrnctfy ta lngbt ar prnpjbl cjrl hnfl gy rnibttjkcn rncbpbnkt

e. Nfnctrakbc trjksonr ao rnibttjkcns vbj iagbfn phakn gy j rnibttnr bk yaur cauktry ta j rncbpbnkt facjtnl jgrajl

h. Wnibttjkcn autofaws snkt gy obris spncbjfbznl bk crass-garlnr iakny trjksonr apnrjtbaks (Iakny Erji, Unstnrk kbak)

b. Iakny rnpartnl jt jbrparts/athnr pabkts ao nxbt orai yaur cauktry, cjrrbnl gy biiberjkts ak rnturkbke ta thnbr haincauktrbns oar vbsbts

d. Purchjsn ao j hain ar athnr rnjf nstjtn jgrajl gy biiberjkts rnsblbke bk yaur cauktry oar thn usn ao gnknobcbjrbns jgrajl

m. Athnr4 pfnjsn spncboy

7:. Uhbch inthals jrn usnl gy yaur bkstbtutbak bk caffnctbke ljtj jkl athnr

bkoarijtbak ak iberjkt rnibttjkcn autofaws1 Pfnjsn chncm jff thjt jppfy.

j. Ljtj caffnctnl orai thn gjkmbke systni

g. Wnpartbke ao ljtj ak thnsn ofaws gy kakgjkms thjt pravbln rnibttjkcn snrvbcns

c. Nstbijtns ao thnsn ofaws usbke survnys

l. Cjfcufjtbke iberjkts prapnksbty ta rnibt nstbijtns

77. Lans thn ljtj yau caffnct jffaw yau ta blnktboy thn lnstbkjtbak cauktry oarrnibttjkcn autofaws1

j. Rns g. Ka

73. Lans thn ljtj yau caffnct jffaw yau ta blnktboy thn kuignrao rnibttjkcnautofaw

trjksjctbaks1

j. Rns g. Ka

7. Haw hjvn rnibttjkcn autofaws thraueh bkoarijfchjkknfs gnnk nstbijtnl1 Pfnjsn


j. Ljtj caffnctbak jt jbrparts jkl athnr pabkts ao nxbt ak cjsh cjrrbnl jcrass yaur garlnrs ta rnibttjkcn rncbpbnktsrnsblbke jgrajl gy biiberjkts ak rnturkbke ta thnbr hain cauktrbns oar vbsbts.

g. Ljtj caffnctbak ak cjsh cjrrbnl jcrass yaur garlnrs gy caurbnr trjkspart caipjkbns thjt bs lnfbvnrnl ta rnibttjkcnrncbpbnkts rnsblbke jgrajl

c. Athnr= pfnjsn spncboy


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>? Uarfl Gjkm Uarmbke Pjpnr

7?. Hjvn rnibttjkcn autofawsthraueh bkoarijf chjkknfs gnnk nstbijtnl ak4

j. J akn-aoo gjsbs Bo yau chncmnl jt fnot, whnk1

g. Jk jl hac gjsbs Bo yau chncmnl jt fnot, whnk1

c. Pnrbalbc gjsbs Bo yau chncmnl jt fnot, haw ornqunktfy1l. Athnr Bo yau chncmnl jt fnot, pfnjsn spncboy4

75. Jsbln orai yaur bkstbtutbak, jrn thnrn athnr bkstbtutbaks jkl/ar eavnrkinkt

jenkcbns bk yaur cauktry caffnctbke jkl caipbfbke kjtbakjf ljtj jkl athnr bkoarijtbak

orai iuftbpfn saurcns ak rnibttjkcn autofaws orai yaur cauktry1

j. Rns


78. Pfnjsn bklbcjtn whbch bkstbtutbaks bk yaur cauktry caipbfn ljtj ak rnibttjkcnautofaws.

j. Kjtbakjf stjtbstbcs aoobcn/jenkcy

g. Ibkbstry ao Obkjkcn

c. Ibkbstry ao \aurbsi

l. Fjgar Ibkbstry

n. Athnr= pfnjsn spncboy4

72. Haw lans thn caffnctbak ao ljtj ak crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn autofaws gy thn

bkstbtutbak(s) bklbcjtnl jgavn lboonr orai thjt caipbfnl gy yaur bkstbtutbak1

30. Lans yaur bkstbtutbak jkl/ar thn bkstbtutbak(s) bklbcjtnl bk Z. 78 hjvn jk

jrrjkeninkt bk pfjcn ta nxchjken ljtj jkl bkoarijtbak ak rnibttjkcn autofawsak j

rneufjr gjsbs1

j. Rns


3:. Pfnjsn bklbcjtn gnfaw haw aotnk thnsn ljtj jrn nxchjkenl1

j. Iakthfy

g. Zujrtnrfy

c. Jkkujffy

l. Athnr= pfnjsn spncboy4


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BBB. Kjtbakjf Wneufjtary Nkvbrakinkt oar Iberjkt Wnibttjkcn Ofaws

J. Wnebstrjtbak, supnrvbsary jkl athnr rneufjtary rnqubrninkts

37. Bs yaur bkstbtutbak(s) rnspaksbgfn oar rneufjtbke crassgarlnr iberjkt rnibttjkcnofaws bk yaur cauktry1

j. Rns

g. Ka, bt bs jkathnr bkstbtutbak(s)4 pfnjsn spncboy Bo yau chncmnl Ka jt fnot, smbp ta Snctbak B_,qunstbak 87

33. Jccarlbke ta yaur fjws, whbch ao thn bkstbtutbaks gnfaw bk \jgfn 8 cjk rncnbvn

jkl/ar snkl crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn ofaws1

\jgfn 8

b. Wncnbvnsrnibttjkcnbkofaws oraioarnbek saurcnsbktnklnl oargnknobcbjrbns bkyaur cauktry1Bklbcjtn Rns/Ka

bb. Bo yns taZunstbak b, whjtbs thn kjtbakjfsupnrvbsaryjutharbty oar thbsbkstbtutbaksrnibttjkcnsnrvbcn jctbvbtbns1

bbb. Snklsrnibttjkcnautofaws oraiiberjkts bk yaurcauktry tagnknobcbjrbnsjgrajl1 BklbcjtnRns/Ka

bv. Bo yns ta Zunstbakbbb, whjt bs thn kjtbakjfsupnrvbsary jutharbtyoar thbs bkstbtutbaksrnibttjkcn snrvbcnjctbvbtbns1

j) Obris spncbjfbznl bkiakny trjksonrs (Unstnrk^kbak, Iakny Erji, ntc.)

g) Prbvjtn caiinrcbjfgjkms


l) Nxchjken gurnjus


o) Sjvbkes jkl fajkbkstbtutbaks

e) Crnlbt ukbaks jklsjvbkes caapnrjtbvns

h) Athnr obkjkcbjfbkstbtutbaks thjt lnfbvnrrnibttjkcns= pfnjsn spncboy4

b) Past aoobcns

d) Iagbfn phakn/tnfncaissnrvbcn pravblnrs

m) Athnr kak-obkjkcbjfbkstbtutbaks thjt lnfbvnrrnibttjkcns4 spncboy4


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3. Lans yaur bkstbtutbaks stjtutn ar chjrtnr stjtn nxpfbcbtfy thjt iakbtarbke ao

rnibttjkcn bkofawsbs jiake yaur bkstbtutbaks oukctbaks1

j. Rnsg. Ka

3?. Jrn thnrn rnpartbke rnqubrninkts wbth whbch bkstbtutbaks thjt rncnbvn jkl lnfbvnr

crassgarlnr rnibttjkcn bkofawsiust caipfy1

j. Rns

g. Ka Bo yau chncmnl Ka jt fnot, smbp ta Snctbak BBB.C, Zunstbak


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35. Bo yns, ta Z. 3?, pfnjsn pravbln thn oaffawbke rnqunstnl bkoarijtbak bk \jgfn :0 ak

rnpartbke rnqubrninkts oar njch typn ao bkstbtutbak bk yaur cauktry thjt rncnbvns jkl

lnfbvnrs rnibttjkcn bkofaws.

\jgfn :0b. Pfnjsn ijrm wbthjk X gnfaw bo thnbkstbtutbak bsrnq

Migrant Remittance Flows : Findings from a Global Survey of Central Banks

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