Midwest Professional Nutrient Applicators Association Annual

Meeting

June 23rd, 2009.Lima, Ohio

Biosecurity: Your Role in the Prevention of Disease Spread

Bill Minton DVM.Chickasaw, Oh.

Why?

• Protect your Customer– Reduce disease risk– New vs. re-infection

• Protect you Business– Risk of outbreak / disease– Professional– “Word of Mouth” advertising

Pathogens:

• Disease causing organisms• Viruses– PRRS, SIV, BVD, TGE, PCV2

• Bacteria– Salmonella, E.Coli, APP, Erysipelas,

M. Paratuberculosis

• Species– Porcine, Bovine, Avian

Virus:• Infectious agents• Obligate intracellular• Smaller than bacteria• DNA or RNA classification• View with electron microscope

Bacteria:• Ubiquitous – inhabit every environment

capable of supporting life• Classify: – organic, inorganic, & photosensitive

• Replicate with an energy source • Resistance: – cell wall, spore forming

• Not susceptible to all chemicals

PRRSv:• Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory

Syndrome (PRRSv.)• Host specific to pigs• Benchmark pathogen of swine industry– Cost to industry > $550 million annually

• Most important swine disease today– Difficult to control

PRRSv. Survivability:• As temperatures ; survivability • Months to years when frozen (-4F)• 6 days @ 70F• 24 hrs. @ 98.6F

• 20 mins. @ 133F

• 11 days when kept moist

PRRSv. Survivability:

• Susceptible to:– High temperatures– Changes in pH <6 & >7.8– Exposure to UV light– Chemical inactivation

Swine Influenza Virus:• Influenza type A virus (SIV or Flu)• Contains two distinct surface proteins for

identifying strains– H (hemmaglutin) & N (nueroaminidase)

• Interspecies (zoonotic) spread between pigs, birds, & humans

• Generally inactivated by soap, heat, bleach, & other disinfectants

Direct Spread:• Animal – Animal• Known Health Status

Indirect Spread:• Feces, bedding, feed, other bodily fluids• People• Equipment• Aerosol

Indirect cont.:• People & equipment are mechanical vectors• Contaminated with infectious agents• Proper sanitation and disinfection reduces

spread• Aerosol > 2 miles

Prevention:• Minimize contact with livestock• Do Not cross traffic patterns– People– Equipment– Trucks

• Cold weather – highest risk• Farm owned equipment• “High health vs. commercial” equipment

Prevention - Livestock:• Operate away from entrances & chutes of

facilities• Avoid contamination of immediate area

around facilities – Spills, overfills, pipe fittings, etc.

• Aerosolizing can cause area spread

Prevention – Traffic Patterns:• Use other (less traveled) entrances if

possible to site• Avoid walk areas of facility employees• Stay out of barn offices, shops, etc.• Avoid vehicle traffic contact– Loading / unloading– Feed bins– Office / entrance– Compost areas

Prevention - Weather:• Cold, damp weather poses greatest risk• Wind speed & direction• Incorporate vs. surface application• Precipitation

Protocols for Clean-Up:• Spray and wash all equipment with

detergents• Remove all organic material• Disinfect• Drying time before next use

Equipment Clean-Up:• Includes pumps, pipes, hose, tanks, tines, &

tractors• Clean at site or designated wash area• Detergents aid in cleaning bio-film - cleaning

time• Hot water cuts wash time in half• Thorough cleaning!!!– Especially equipment used near facilities /

structures– Wash cab of tractors

Disinfectants:• Synergize 0.8%– Quarterly ammonium and gluteraldehyde

mixture– Liquid

• Virkon 1.0%– Potassium monopersulfate– Powder

• Minimum 2 hours contact time

Disinfectant cont.: • Application with foamer– Better visualization– Prolongs contact time of chemicals & surfaces– Enhanced effectiveness

• Attention to “hard-to-reach” areas

Drying: • Drying Time– At least 2 hours with disinfectant remaining on the

surfaces– Most important component of the clean-up

process!!!• Downtime– Overnight

• If disinfected & all equipment is dried– Unknown

• When equipment is not disinfected• Drying is not complete

Cleanup misc.:• Vehicles– Tractors– Trucks– ATV’s

• Potential source of contamination– Sanitize with disinfectant sprays

• Tek-Trol• Lysol

• Personnel– One night downtime– Clean boots and outer work clothing

Recommended Protocols Before Nutrient Handling Takes Place:

1. Contact site owner2. Health Status – be informed

– PRRS +/-– SIV +/-– BVD +/-

3. Farm specific biosecurity requirements?– Contact vet on record if necessary

4. Discuss handling methods & plan5. Scheduling

– Avoid same species prior– Proper downtimes/clean-up

Continued:

6. Log-in prior farm visited & nights downtime since visited

7. High health or farm designated equipment in use

8. Possible animal movement during application period

9. If PRRSv. +, consider impending weather10.Consider risks for area spread of disease from

resident farm11.Emergency Action Plan contacts

Common Pitfalls:• Unaware of health status at site(s)• Cross contamination risk with people and

vehicle patterns• Dirty equipment• Spills• Unhappy neighbors

Questions???