Midterm Review Topic 2 Formulas and Equations. Vocabulary Chemical Change Coefficient Decomposition...
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Transcript of Midterm Review Topic 2 Formulas and Equations. Vocabulary Chemical Change Coefficient Decomposition...
![Page 1: Midterm Review Topic 2 Formulas and Equations. Vocabulary Chemical Change Coefficient Decomposition Diatomic molecule Double replacement Empirical formula.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1b0f7f8b9ab05998df51/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Midterm Review
Topic 2 Formulas and Equations
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Vocabulary
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Chemical Symbols and Formulas
• Chemists have developed a universal language by which they can communicate chemical information and have the information understood by scientists around the world
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Diatomic Molecule
• BrINClHOF
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Chemical Formulas
• Compounds are composed of combinations of elements chemically combined in definite proportions– Formulas us chemical symbols and numbers to show
both qualitative and quantitative information about a substance
– The chemical formula CO tells the reader that the compound consists of Carbon and Oxygen.
– The chemical formula CO2 tell the reader that the compound consists of 1 carbon and 2 oxygen atoms
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Types of Formulas• Empirical Formula– Represents the simplest ratio in which atoms
combine to form a compound• Molecular Formula– Covalently bonded substances form discrete units
called molecules. • In some cases, such as H2O, the chemical formula is
both empirical and molecular• In other cases the molecular formula may be a multiple
of the empirical formula, for example glucose, C6H12O6
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Atoms, Compounds, and Ions• Ionic Charge– The charge of an ion is indicated
by the superscript following the symbol of the ion.
– Al+3
• Polyatomic Ions– A polyatomic Ion is a group of
atoms covalently bonded together, possessing a charge• Reference table E
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Atoms, Compounds, and Ions
• Forming a Compound– Compounds can be formed in several different
ways• One way is the attraction of oppositely charged ions• Monatomic or polyatomic ions attract each other in a
ration that produces a neutral compound
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Atoms, Compounds, and Ions
• Coefficients– The coefficient tells how many units of the
formula are present
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Atoms, Compounds, and Ions
• Hydrates– When water from come ionic solution evaporates,
the solute forms a crystal lattice that binds water with in the structure
– CuSO4• 5H2O
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Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
• Equalizing charges– Compounds achieve neutrality by having an equal
number of positive and negative charges. – When sodium ion (Na+1) and a chlorine ion (Cl-1)
combine, they will do so in a 1:1 ratio– If you do not have a 1:1 ratio, they you must cross
down the charges
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Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
• Naming Compounds– Compounds are named according to the types of
elements that form them. • Ionic compounds
– Binary or polyatomic
• Covalent compounds – Binary or stock system
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Chemical Reactions and Equations
• Physical Change– A change in state such as ice melting
• Chemical change– The substances produced are quite different form
the starting material
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Chemical Reactions and Equations• Chemical Equations
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Chemical Reactions and Equations
• Endothermic reaction
• Exothermic reaction
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Chemical Reactions and Equations
• Balancing chemical equations– Law of Conservation of Mass
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Types of Chemical Reactions
• Synthesis – A+B AB
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Types of Chemical Reactions
• Decomposition– AB A + B
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Types of Chemical Reactions
• Single Replacement– AB + C AC + B
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Types of Chemical Reactions
• Double Replacement– AB + CD AD + CB