What we have become TODAY

By Bayron Guajardo

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New HorizonsNew HorizonsHomo sapiens dominated Earth over all the species(250,000 years ago)

From Africa to the rest of the World (Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas)

We all came from one single man

Homo sapiens dominated Earth over all the species(250,000 years ago)

From Africa to the rest of the World (Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas)

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Neanderthal VS Homo sapiens soloensisfather???

Life before Agricultural Revolution

Life before Agricultural Revolution

GatheringHuntingSmall communities Simple lifeClimate complications

GatheringHuntingSmall communities Simple lifeClimate complications

“They live in a Tranquility which is not disturb’d by the Inequality of Conditions: The Earth and sea of their own accord furnishes them with all thing necessary for life, they covet not Magnificient houses, Household-stuff…. In short they seem’d to set no value upon any thing we gave them…. They thinkthemselves provided with all the necesarys of Life”Captain James Cook, 1770

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The Long Road to the Global Presence of Humankind

The Long Road to the Global Presence of Humankind

(all date approximate) YEARS AGO

Earliest bipedal hominids 7 million to 6 million

Homo habilis (early use of stone tools) 2.5 million

Homo erectus (first controlled use of fire and first hominid migrations out of Africa)

1.9 million to 200,000

Earliest Homo sapiens in Africa 250,000

Beginnings of human migration out of Africa 100,000

Human entry into eastern Asia 70,000

Human entry into Australia (first use of boats) 60,000 - 40,000

Human entry into Europe 40,000

Extinction of large mammals in Australia 30,000

Human entry into the Americas 30,000 - 15,000

Cave art in Europe 25,000

Extinction of Neanderthals 25,000

End of last Ice Age (global warming) 16,000 - 10,000

Earliest agricultural revolutions 12,000 - 10,000

Extinction of large mammals in North America 11,000

Austronesian migration to Pacific Islands and Madagascar 3,500 - 11,000

Human entry into New Zealand (last major region to receive human settlers)

1,000

Agricultural Revolution

Agricultural Revolution “The deliberate cultivation of

particular plants as well as the taming and breeding of particular animals”. (Strayer 36)

Fertile Crescent or Southwest Asia (first are to experience a full Agricultural Revolution)

Spread of Agricultural habit to the globe by Diffusion and colonization

“The deliberate cultivation of particular plants as well as the taming and breeding of particular animals”. (Strayer 36)

Fertile Crescent or Southwest Asia (first are to experience a full Agricultural Revolution)

Spread of Agricultural habit to the globe by Diffusion and colonization

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Repercussion of the Revolution

Repercussion of the RevolutionExponential increase of population

Agricultural BreakthroughsSelective diet made the difference of the power of societies

Exponential increase of populationAgricultural BreakthroughsSelective diet made the difference of the power of societies“Furthermore, of the world’s 200,000 plant species, only several hundred have been

domesticated, and just five of these – wheat, corn, rice, barley, and sorghum – supply

more than half of the calories that sustain human life. Only fourteen species of large

mammals have been successfully domesticated, of which sheep, pigs, goats, cattle, and

horses have been the most important.” (Strayer 39)

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Agricultural BreakthroughsAgricultural

BreakthroughsLocation Dates

(B.C.E.)Plants Animals

Southwest Asia (Fertile Crescent)

9,000 - 7,000

Barley, wheat, lentils, figs

Goats, sheep, cattle, pigs

China 6,500 - 5,000

Rice, millet, yams, teff

Pigs, chickens, water buffalo

Saharan and sub-Saharan Africa

3,000 - 2,000

Sorghum, millet, yams, teff

Cattle (perhaps 8,000 B.C.E.)

Highland New Guinea

7,000 - 4,000

Taro, bananas, yams, sugarcane

Andres region 3,000 - 2,000

Potatoes, quinoa, manioc

Llamas, alpaca, guinea pig

Mesoamerica 3,000 - 2,000

Maize, squash (perhaps 7,000 B.C.E.), beans

Turkey

Eastern woodlands of North America

2,000 - 1,000

Sunflower, goosefoot, sumpweed

CivilizationsCivilizations Highly complex societies

Based in bustling cities and governed by powerful states

City as the heart of the community

First Civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Pakistan and northern India, China, Peru, and Mexico (TIMELINE)

Highly complex societies

Based in bustling cities and governed by powerful states

City as the heart of the community

First Civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Pakistan and northern India, China, Peru, and Mexico (TIMELINE)

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Legacy of Old CivilizationsLegacy of Old Civilizations Positive legacy:

Inspiring art Profound reflections on the meaning of life

Innovations in technology

Knowledge about nature and how to control it

Art of writing Negative legacy:

Massive inequalities State oppression Slavery Large-scale warfare Subordination of women Epidemic diseases

Positive legacy: Inspiring art Profound reflections on the meaning of life

Innovations in technology

Knowledge about nature and how to control it

Art of writing Negative legacy:

Massive inequalities State oppression Slavery Large-scale warfare Subordination of women Epidemic diseases

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