Midterm 2 March 9 th and 10 th Review Session Monday 7pm in this room (probably)
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Transcript of Midterm 2 March 9 th and 10 th Review Session Monday 7pm in this room (probably)
![Page 1: Midterm 2 March 9 th and 10 th Review Session Monday 7pm in this room (probably)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051618/56649cba5503460f94982d0a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Midterm 2
• March 9th and 10th
• Review Session Monday 7pm in this room (probably)
![Page 2: Midterm 2 March 9 th and 10 th Review Session Monday 7pm in this room (probably)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051618/56649cba5503460f94982d0a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Color Vision
• White light is a mixture of wavelengths– prisms decompose white light into assorted
wavelengths
Wavelength and Color
![Page 3: Midterm 2 March 9 th and 10 th Review Session Monday 7pm in this room (probably)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051618/56649cba5503460f94982d0a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Color Vision
• Primary colors
Perceiving Color
What are the primary colors?
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Color Vision
• Primary colors
Perceiving Color
Red Green Blue
![Page 5: Midterm 2 March 9 th and 10 th Review Session Monday 7pm in this room (probably)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051618/56649cba5503460f94982d0a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Color Vision
• Primary colors
Perceiving Color
What makes them primary?
![Page 6: Midterm 2 March 9 th and 10 th Review Session Monday 7pm in this room (probably)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051618/56649cba5503460f94982d0a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Color Vision
• Primary colors
• Every color (hue) can be created by blending light of the three primary colors in differing proportions
Perceiving Color
![Page 7: Midterm 2 March 9 th and 10 th Review Session Monday 7pm in this room (probably)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051618/56649cba5503460f94982d0a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Color Vision
• Primary colors
• Every color (hue) can be created by blending light of the three primary colors in differing proportions
• Led to prediction that there must be three (and only three) distinct color receptor types
Perceiving Color
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Color VisionPerceiving Color• Four absorption peaks in retina: 3 cone types plus
rods
Abs
orpt
ion/
Con
e re
spon
se
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Color VisionTrichromatic Theory of Color Vision
“Blue”
“Green”
“Red”
Blue
Wavelength Input Cone Signal to Brain
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Color VisionTrichromatic Theory of Color Vision
“Blue”
“Green”
“Red”
Green
Wavelength Input Cone Signal to Brain
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Color VisionTrichromatic Theory of Color Vision
“Blue”
“Green”
“Red” Red
Wavelength Input Cone Signal to Brain
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Color VisionTrichromatic Theory of Color Vision
“Blue”
“Green”
“Red”
Yellow
Equal Parts Red and Green =
Wavelength Input Cone Signal to Brain
![Page 13: Midterm 2 March 9 th and 10 th Review Session Monday 7pm in this room (probably)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051618/56649cba5503460f94982d0a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Color VisionTrichromatic Theory of Color Vision
“Blue”
“Green”
“Red”
Yellow
Equal Parts Red and Green =
Wavelength Input Cone Signal to Brain
![Page 14: Midterm 2 March 9 th and 10 th Review Session Monday 7pm in this room (probably)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051618/56649cba5503460f94982d0a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Color VisionTrichromatic Theory of Color Vision
“Blue”
“Green”
“Red”
Yellow
Equal Parts Red and Green =
Wavelength Input Cone Signal to Brain
![Page 15: Midterm 2 March 9 th and 10 th Review Session Monday 7pm in this room (probably)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051618/56649cba5503460f94982d0a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Color Vision
“Blue”
“Green”
“Red”
Yellow
Equal Parts Red and Green =
Wavelength Input Cone Signal to Brain
Theories of Color Vision: Trichromatic Theory
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Color Vision
“Blue”
“Green”
“Red”
Yellow
Equal Parts Red and Green =
Wavelength Input Cone Signal to Brain
Theories of Color Vision: Trichromatic Theory
![Page 17: Midterm 2 March 9 th and 10 th Review Session Monday 7pm in this room (probably)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051618/56649cba5503460f94982d0a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Color Vision• Trichromatic theory of color vision:
– brain interprets the relative amounts of signaling from each of these cone types
Theories of Color Vision: Trichromatic Theory
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Color Vision• Trichromatic theory of color vision:
– brain interprets the relative amounts of signaling from each of these cone types
• This means that some colors can be matched by a pair of wavelengths– metamers: colors that have no definite
single wavelength (e.g. yellow)
Theories of Color Vision: Trichromatic Theory
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Color Vision• Trichromatic theory of color vision:
– brain interprets the relative amounts of signaling from each of these cone types
• This means that some colors can be matched by a pair of wavelengths– metamers: colors that have no definite
single wavelength (e.g. yellow)• This also means that any color can be
matched by mixing (not more than) three different wavelengths
Theories of Color Vision: Trichromatic Theory
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• What color can only exist as a metamer (an additive mixture of wavelengths)? In other words, what color cannot be made with a single wavelength?
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• What color can only exist as a metamer (an additive mixture of wavelengths)? In other words, what color cannot be made with a single wavelength?
Magenta
Think about why!
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Color Vision
• Trichromatic Theory can explain some aspects of colorblindness:– most of us are trichromats– someone missing one of the three cone
types is a dichromat– someone missing two is a monochromat– someone missing all cone types is called a
rod monochromat (very poor vision!)
Theories of Color Vision: Trichromatic Theory
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• Problem with Trichromatic Theory:
Theories of Color Vision: Trichromatic Theory
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• Problem with Trichromatic Theory:
YELLOW
Theories of Color Vision: Trichromatic Theory
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• Problem with Trichromatic Theory:– most people categorize colors into four
primaries: red, yellow, green, and blue
– some colors simply cannot be perceived as gradations of each other• redish green !?• blueish yellow !?
– It is as if these colors are opposites
Theories of Color Vision: Trichromatic Theory
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• Opponent-Process Theory– color is determined by outputs of two
different continuously variable channels:• red - green opponent channel• blue - yellow opponent channel
Theories of Color Vision: Opponent-Process Theory
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• Opponent-Process Theory– Red opposes Green– (Red + Green) opposes Blue
• Opponent-Process Theory explains color afterimages
Theories of Color Vision: Opponent-Process Theory
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Color Vision
• White light is a mixture of wavelengths– prisms decompose white light into assorted
wavelengths– OR recompose a spectrum into white light
Wavelength and Color
![Page 29: Midterm 2 March 9 th and 10 th Review Session Monday 7pm in this room (probably)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051618/56649cba5503460f94982d0a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Additive vs. Subtractive
There are two different ways to mix colors.
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• Additive vs. Subtractive
What do you get if you use a prism to combine all wavelengths of light?
![Page 31: Midterm 2 March 9 th and 10 th Review Session Monday 7pm in this room (probably)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051618/56649cba5503460f94982d0a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• Additive vs. Subtractive
What do you get if you use a prism to combine all wavelengths of light?
![Page 32: Midterm 2 March 9 th and 10 th Review Session Monday 7pm in this room (probably)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051618/56649cba5503460f94982d0a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• Additive vs. Subtractive
What do you get if you mix a bunch of paint?
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• Additive vs. Subtractive
What do you get if you mix a bunch of paint?
![Page 34: Midterm 2 March 9 th and 10 th Review Session Monday 7pm in this room (probably)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051618/56649cba5503460f94982d0a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
• Additive vs. Subtractive
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• Additive mixing is most intuitive:
ADD wavelengths:
red+green = yellowred+blue = magentablue+green = cyanred+green+blue=white
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• Subtractive mixing is much less intuitive (but much more common)
• Subtractive mixing happens when we mix pigments (paint) together
• Different pigments subtract different wavelengths:– red subtracts all but red, blue all but blue,
green subtracts blue and red, etc…
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• Example: blue + yellow = green
Technically it’s called “cyan”
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• The result of a mixture depends on what wavelengths don’t get absorbed by the two pigments
wavelength
Am
ount
of
refl
ecti
on
blue green yellow red
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• Both yellow and blue pigments reflect a bit of green
wavelength
Am
ount
of
refl
ecti
on
blue green yellow red
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• Subtractive mixing is commonly used in color printers
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• Everything you’ve learned so far is wrong.
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• Everything you’ve learned so far is wrong.
• Well, not really wrong, just far from complete.
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• What color is this box?
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• What color is this box?