MIDNAPORE COLLEGE (Autonomous)

Govt. Sponsored: Affiliated to Vidyasagar University

Re-Accredited by NAAC: Grade: A: CGPA-3.58(4-point scale)

in 2012

“Colleges with Potential for Excellence”(CPE) status bestowed

by UGC in 2010

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

Proposed Syllabus for 2 year M.Sc in Physics

(Semester system)

Phone- 03222-275847

Website: www.midnaporecollege.in

Midnapore, West Bengal-721101

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Course Structure

IA Marks will be 05 for each 25 Marks i.e. 20% Marks of total evaluation.

Overview: Per Semester Theory= 200 Practical=100

Total=1200 ; Special Paper:1. Solid State Physics

Semester- I Semester- III

PAPER UNIT TOPIC MARKS Credit PAPER UNIT TOPIC MARKS Credit

PHS 101

A Methods of

Mathematical physics – I

25 2 PHS 301

A Quantum

Mechanics-ll 25 2

B Classical

Mechanics-I 25 2 B

Statistical Mechanics-I

25 2

PHS 102

A Quantum

Mechanics – I 25 2

PHS 302

A Nuclear Physics-I 25 2

B Solid State physics-l

25 2 B Particle Physics 25 2

PHS 103

A Material Science 25 2

PHS 303

Special Paper – I 50 4

B Molecular

Spectroscopy and Laser Physics

25 2

PHS 104

A Electronics Analog

–I 25 2

PHS 304

Matter & Material Science

50 4 B

Electronics Digital – I

25 2

PHS 105 Electronics Practical – I 50 2 PHS 305 Advance Practical – II 50

PHS 106 MATLAB/ MATHEMATICA 50 2 PHS 306 Special Practical – I 50

Semester- II Semester- IV

PAPER UNIT TOPIC MARKS Credit PAPER UNIT TOPIC MARKS

PHS 201

A

Methods of Mathematical

physics – II 25 2

PHS 401

A Quantum

Mechanics-III 25 2

B

Classical Mechanics-II &

TENSOR ANALYSIS (10)

25 2 B Statistical

Mechanics-II 25 2

PHS 202

A Electrodynamics 25 2

PHS 402

A Nuclear Physics-

II 25 2

B Solid State Physics-ll

25 2 B GTR 25 2

PHS 203

A

Electronics Analog – II

25 2

PHS 403

A Semiconductor

Devices 25 2

B Electronics Digital

– II 25 2 B Applied Optics 25 2

PHS 204

Introduction to Astronomy 50 4

PHS 404

Special Paper – II 50 4

PHS 205 Electronics Practical – II 50 2 PHS 405 Special Practical - II 50

PHS 206 Advance Practical – I 50 2 PHS 406

Project with Seminar

50

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First Semester

Course No: Ph 101(A) Methods of Mathematical Physics Marks : 25

Classes:30 1. Vector spaces and matrices: A) Vector spaces of n dimensions, inner product, Schmidt‟s

orthogonalization, Schwarz and Bessel inequality. B) Hermitian and unitary matrices, eigenvectors and eigenvalues, similarity transform, diagonalization, unitary transformation. Cayley Hamilton theorem.

2. Complex variable: Cauchy Reimann conditions, Cauchy integral theorem, Taylor &

Laurent series expansion, Singularities, poles, branch points, Cauchy‟s Residue Theorem contour integration., Principal value of an integral; Reimann Surface.

3. Differential equation and special functions: Second order differential equation,

solvability, singularities, series solution. Laguerre and Bessel functions / polynomials, Gamma, Beta and error functions Hypergeometric and Confluent Hypergeometric functions.

Books Recommended

1. M. R. Spiegel (Schaum‟s outline series) – Theory and Problems of Complex Variables. 2. G. Arfken (Academic Press) – Mathematical Methods for Physicists. 3. J. Mathews and R. I. Walker (Benjamin) – Mathematical Methods of Physics. 4. P. Dennery and A. Krzywicki (Harper and Row) – Mathematics for Physicists. 5. Grewal-Higher Engineering Mathematics 6. Joshi – Group Theory for Physicists 7. Hamermesh- Group Theory 8. Tulsi Dass- Mathematical Methods of Physics

Course No: Ph 101(B)

Classical Mechanics-I Marks: 25 Classes: 30

1. Applications of the Lagrangian formalism: Small oscillations, normal coordinates. 2. Hamilton's principle: Canonical equations from variational principle; Principle of least

action; Applications( Fermat‟s Principle, Jacobi form, Newton‟s second law ) 3. Canonical transformations: Generating functions; examples of canonical transformations;

group property; Integral variants of Poincare; Lagrange and Poisson brackets; Infinitesimal canonical transformations; Conservation theorem in Poisson bracket formalism; Jacobi's identity; Poisson‟s Theorem, Angular momentum, Poisson bracket relations.

4. Hamilton-Jacobi theory: The Hamilton Jacobi equation for Hamilton's principle function; Hamilton's characteristic function; Applications: 1) The harmonic oscillator problem 2) Freely falling body 3) Projectile; Action angle variables.

5. Lagrangian formulation for continuous systems: Lagrangian formulation of acoustic field in gases; the Hamiltonian formulation for continuous systems; Canonical equations from variational principle, Poisson's brackets and canonical field variables.

Books Recommended:

1. Classical mechanics-Goldstein 2. Introduction to advances dynamics-McCuskey

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3. Mechanics- Landau and Liftshitz. 4. Classical Mechanics- K.C. Gupta 5. Classical Mechanics- Rana and Jog 6. Mechanics-K.R. Symon (Addison –Wesley) 7. Classical Mechanics-A.K. Raychaudhury

Course No: Ph 102(A) Quantum Mechanics-I Marks : 25

Classes:30

1. Recapitulation of Basic Concepts: Wave packet: Gaussian wave packet; Fourier transform; Spreading of a wave packet; Fourier Transforms of δ and sine functions. Coordinate and Momentum space: Coordinate and Momentum representations; x and p in these representations. Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions: Momentum and parity operators; Commutativity and simultaneous eigenfunctions; Complete set of eigenfunctions; expansion of wave function in terms of a complete set. One-dimensional problems: Square well problem (E > 0); Delta-function potential; Double-δ potential. 2. Operator method in Quantum Mechanics Formulation of Quantum Mechanics in vector space language: Linear vector space – State space, Dirac notation and Representation of State Spaces, Concept of Kets, Bras and Operators, Expectation Values, Superposition Principle, Orthogonality, Completeness, Expansion of State Vector, Non commutating Observables, Uncertainty Relations, Commutation and Compatibility, Change of basis, Unitary operators. State function and its interpretation, Expectation Values, Expansion of a State Function and Superposition of states. Matrix Representation of State Vectors and operators, Continuous Basis. Relation between a State Vector and its Wave function 3. Quantum theory of measurement and time evolution: Schrӧdinger, Heisenberg and interaction pictures. 4. One Electron Atom: The Hydrogen atom, Quantum States; Atomic orbital; Parity of the wave function; Angular and radial distribution functions.

Books Recommended:

1) „Quantum Physics‟ by B K Agarwal & Hari Prakash Prentice Hall of India 2) Quantum Mechanics‟ by L. I. Schiff (McGraw-Hill Book, New York). 3) Quantum Mechanics‟ by G Aruldhas 4) „Quantum Mechanics‟ by Bransden & Joachen 5 „Quantum Mechanics: by A. K. Ghatak and S. Lokanathan (Macmillan India Ltd.). 6) „Quantum Mechanics‟ by Cohen and Tannoudji.

Course No: Ph 102(B) Solid state Physics-1 Marks : 25

Classes:30 1. Crystal structure: Bravais Lattice, Symmetry elements, different crystal structures, Closed

pack, Diamond, CsCl, ZnS. Point group, Space group, Polycrystalline, single crystalline and amorphous materials.

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2. X-ray diffraction & reciprocal lattice: Scattering of X-ray by a crystal and Derivation of Laue equation, reciprocal lattice vectors, Brillouin Zone, Atomic form factor, Structure factor and experimental diffraction methods, Debye Waller effect.

3. Lattice Dynamics: specific heat calculations, Vibrations of monoatomic and diatomic linear

lattice. Equivalence of vibrational mode and simple harmonic oscillator, Phonons, Anharmonic crystal interactions, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity.

4. Energy Bands: Bloch function, Physical origin of the energy gap, essential features of Kronig penny model, Concept on effective mass, distinction of metal, insulator and semiconductor empty lattice approximation, extended, reduced and periodic zone schemes.

Books recommended 1. F.C.Phillips: An introduction to crystallography (Wiley)(3rd edition)

2. Charles A Wert and Robb M Thonson: Physics of Solids

3. J. P. Srivastava: Elements of solid state physics (Prentice Hall India; 2nd edition).

4. Christmaan-solid state physics (academic press)

5. Warren- X-ray Diffraction

Course No: Ph 103(A)

Material Science Marks : 25 Classes: 25

1. Materials Preparation Techniques: Various methods of crystal growth, Preparation of Amorphous

Materials, Thin films preparation (Poly-Crystalline & Amorphous), Glass and Glass Transition.

Concept of Vacuum techniques, Synthesis of low dimensional materials , Thermal Evaporation,

Sputtering, Chemical Vapour Deposition, Pulsed Laser Deposition, Molecular Beam Epitaxy,

Electrodeposition and Sol-Gel Technique;

2. Material Characterization : X-ray Diffraction (XRD), XPS, Introduction to Microscopy: Advantages and

disadvantages of optical microscopy over electron microscopy, Scanning electron Microscopy,

Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy,

Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA), Optical Absorption & Transmission study by

UV-VIS Spectro-Photometer, Photo Luminescence (PL), Introduction to thermal analysis: Phase

changes, crystalline and amorphous fractions – DSC Thermo-gravimetric methods – TGA, DTA

Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-ray (EDX). Neutron scattering and neutron diffraction, NMR

3. Different optical measurements: UV-VIS, PL, FTIR, Raman, Electrical measurements; Studies on

various Conduction Mechanisms in 2D (thin films) and Low-dimensional Systems: Arrhenius type

Thermally Activated Conduction, Variable Range Hopping Conduction and Polaron Conduction.

Books recommended:

1. James F Shackelford, “ Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers”, 7th Edition,Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009

2. Callister W D, "Materials Science and Engineering : An Introduction", 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007

3. Kenji Uchino,” Ferroelectric Devices”, Marcel Dekker, INC, 2000. 4. Rao V V, Ghosh T B and Chopra K L, "Vacuum Science and Technology', Allied

publishers Ltd., 1998. 5. Leon I Maissel and Reinard Glang, "Hand Book of Thin Film Technology", McGraw

Hill, 1970.

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6. Kelsall Robert W, Ian Hamley and Mark Geoghegan, “Nanoscale Science and Technology”, Wiley Eastern, 2004.

7. Bharat Bhushan, “Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology”, 2004. 8. Michael Kohler, Wolfgang and Fritzsche, “Nanotechnology: Introduction to

Nanostructuring Techniques”, Wiley –VcH, 2004. 9. Charles P Poole, Frank J Owens, “Introduction to Nanotechnology”, John Wiley and

Sons, 2003. 10. Gregory Timp, “Nanotechnology”, Springer-Verlag, 1999.

Course No: Ph 103(B) Molecular Spectroscopy & Laser Physics Marks : 25

Classes:30

1. Introduction to molecular spectroscopy:

2. Microwave spectroscopy: Classification of molecules, Diatomic molecular rotational spectroscopy

of rigid and non-rigid diatomic molecules, triatomic molecules and polyatomic molecule, microwave

spectroscopy of symmetric type of molecules, stark effect.

3. Infra-red spectroscopy: Diatomic molecular vibrational spectroscopy with harmonic and

anharmonic vibration, vibrational and rotational spectroscopy, anharmonic oscillation constant,

rotational constant, Dissociation energy (qualitative).

4. Visible and ultraviolet spectroscopy: Molecular electronic spectroscopy, Frank Condon principle,

Molecular electronic vibrational-rotational spectroscopy, Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Fortrat

diagram, Band head.

5. Laser: Concept of coherence, Laser resonator, population inversion, active and passive laser

resonator, Threshold condition, saturation condition, Quality factor, classification of laser Three

level laser and four level laser system with rate equation, He - Ne laser, CO2 laser, Dye laser (tunable

laser), Application of laser.

Books Recommended: 1. G. Herzberg. „Molecular Spectroscopy (Diatomic Molecules)‟ Van-Nostrand.

2. G. M. Barrow. „Molecular Spectroscopy‟. McGraw-Hill.

3. J. Michael Hollas „Modern spectroscopy‟. John-Wiley & sons.

4. C. L. Banwell and E. M. Mc Cash. „Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy‟

5. Tata- McGraw-Hill..

6. G. Aruldhas „Molecular Spectroscopy‟.

7. Bransden and Joachin. „Atoms and Molecules‟

8. F. A. Cotton. „Chemical application to Group theory

9. Laser and electro-optics- C C Davis

10. Laser Fundamental and Applications-Ghatak and Thyagarajan

Course No: PHS 104(A)

Analog Electronics-I Marks : 25 Classes: 25

1. Elements of Communication: Principle of amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency

modulation (FM), AM spectrum and FM spectrum, channel band width and signal band width, side band frequency, Generation of transmitted carrier and suppressed carrier type AM signals with necessary circuits, Principles of detection of different types of modulated signals

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(TC and SC types), principle of generation of F.M. wave with necessary circuits, Detection of F.M. wave-Discriminators.

2. Radio wave propagation: Ground wave, Ionoshperic wave and space wave and their

characteristics, reflection and refraction of radio waves in ionosphere, critical frequency, skip distance, Maximum usable frequency, fading, Secant law, duet propagation.

3. Antenna: Dipole antenna, half wave antenna, antenna with two half elements, N elements

array, induction field and retardation field. 4. Radar: Radar range equation, Basic pulsed radar system-Modulators, duplexers, indicators,

radar antenna, CW radar, MTI radar, FM radar, Dopplar radar. 5. Communication: Basic principle of Satellite Communication, Fiber-Optic communication,

Internet and E-mail.

Books Recommended:

1. J.D.Ryder, Electronics fundamental and application(PHI).

2. Gaykwad, Operational Amplifier.

3. Roddy and Coolen, Electronic Communication systems. (PHI)

4. Chattopadhyay and Rakshit, Electronics circuit analysis.

5. Millman and Grable, Microelectronics. Tata mcGraw Hill.

6. Frazier- Telecommunications.

7. Electronic and Radio Engineering – F. E Terman.

Course No: PHS 104 (B) Digital electronics-I Marks: 25

Classes:25 1. Simplification of Boolean expression): using K-map (2,3,4&5 variables) (3L)

2. Implementation of Combinational circuits using logic gates: (A) And-Or (Or-And)

implementation of logic circuits (B) 2-level (C) Multi-Level implementation (2L)

3. Logic families: Introduction; Bi-polar and Unipolar logic families; characteristics of logic gates;

Register-Transistor Logic (RTL); Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL); Transistor-Transistor- Logic(TTL);

Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL)

4. Combinational logic circuit implementation with SSI and MSI: Commercially available Mux,

De-Mux and Decoder ICs and their cascading

5. Parity: Generator and Checker(1L)

6. Comparator Circuits: Basic Magnitude comparator, Circuit, 4-bit magnitude comparator(1L)

7. Display and display driver: LED display, 7-segment display, 7-segment display driver(2L)

8. Code Counverter: Binary to BCD, BCD-to- Binary converter

Books Recommended

1. Digital- Circuits-(Combination Circuits)-Vol.1-D.RayChoudhuri; Platinum Publishers

2. R P Jain, Modern digital electronics, Tata McGraw Hill.

3. Anand Kumar, Fundamentals of Digital Circuits, PHI

4. Millman and Halkias- Microelectronics. Tata mcGraw Hill.

Course No: Ph 105

Electronics Practical-I

Marks: 50

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1. To develop a LC- i) low pass and ii) high pass filter circuit having different cut-off frequencies

and to find out frequency response characteristics.

2. To develop a RC- i) low pass and ii) high pass filter circuit having different cut-off frequencies and

to find out frequency response characteristics.

3. Implement a circuit using OPAMP to solve simultaneous linear algebraic equations.

4. To construct and design a regulated power supply using Op- Amp as comparator and power

transistor as pass element and to find out its ripple factor and percentage of regulation.

5. To obtain the frequency response characteristic of an inverting operational amplifier and to find out

its band width.

6. To obtain the frequency response characteristic of a non-inverting operational amplifier and to find

out its band width.

7. To design a J-K master – slave flip-flop and to verify its truth table.

Course No: Ph 106

MATLAB/ MATHEMATICA

Marks: 50

Second Semester

Course No: Ph 201(A)

Methods of Mathematical Physics Marks : 25

Classes:30

1. Partial differential equations: Elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic type equations, Lagranges formula

for 2nd order partial differential equation, Dirchlet Neumann and cauchy Boundary value problem.

Greens function with applications.

2. Integral transforms: Fourier and Laplace transforms and their inverse transforms, Bromwich

integral [use of partial fractions in calculating inverse Laplace transforms]; Transform of derivative

and integral of a function; Solution of differential equations using integral transforms.

3. Group Theory: Definition and nomenclature ; Examples ; Rearrangement theorem ; Cyclic groups ,

Subgroups and Cosets ; Conjugate elements and class structure ; Factor groups ; Isomorphy and

Homomorphy ; Direct product groups ; Symmetric groups , Cayley's theorem ; Representation of

finite groups- Definition , Unitary representation , Schur's Lemma , Orthogonality theorem ,

Reducible and irreducible representations , Characters ; Regular representation ; Product

representation , Character table , Examples of S_3 and C_4v ; Introduction to Lie groups and Lie

algebra ; Clebesch-Gordon coefficients.

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4. Integral equations: Fredholm and voiterra equations of first and second kinds. Fredholm‟s theory

for non-singular kernel.

Course No: Ph 201(B)

Classical Mechanics-II & Basics of GTR Marks : 25

Classes:30

1. Rigid bodies: Independent coordinates; orthogonal transformations and rotations (finite and

infinitesimal); Euler's theorem, Euler angles; Inertia tensor and principal axis system; Euler's

equations; Heavy symmetrical top with precession and rotation.

2. Special theory of relativity: Space and Time, separately and together, Lorentz transformations,

Vectors, Dual Vectors (One- Forms), Tensors, Manipulating Tensors, Maxwell‟s Equations, Energy

and Momentum, Classical Field Theory, Principle of General Covariance.

3. Differential geometry I: vectors, differential forms and absolute differentiation Space-time as a

differentiable manifolds, Vectors and vector fields, One-forms, Tensors, Differential forms: Hodge

duality, Exterior derivative operator: generalized Stokes‟ theorem , Maxwell‟s equations and

differential forms , Metric tensor , Absolute differentiation: connection forms , Parallel transport ,

Some relations involving connection coefficients, General Formula for Connection Coefficients.

4. Differential geometry II: geodesics and curvature Autoparallel curves and geodesics, Geodesic

coordinates, Curvature, Symmetries of the Riemann tensor, Ricci tensor and curvature scalar,

Curvature 2-form, Geodesic deviation, Bianchi identities.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Lewis Ryder, Introduction to General Relativity (CUP), 2009

2. Adler, R., Bazin, M. & Schiffer, M. (1975), Introduction to General Relativity (2nd edn),

New York: McGraw-Hill

3. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics

4. J V Narlikar, Intorduction to Relativity (CUP)

Course No: Ph 202(A)

Electrodynamics Marks : 25

Classes:30

1. Field of moving charges and radiations: Retarded potentials, Lienard Wichert potentials, Field

produced by arbitrarily moving charged particle & uniformly moving charged particle, radiation

from an accelerated charged particle at low velocity and at high velocity, angular distribution of

radiated power. Radiation from an oscillating dipole, radiation from a linear antenna

2. Radiation in material media: Cherenkov effect, Thomson and Rayleigh Scattering, dispersion and

absorption, Kramer Kronig dispersion relation.

3. Relativistic electrodynamics: Transformation equations for field vectors and. Covariance of

Maxwell equations in 4 vector form, Covariance of Maxwell equations in 4-tensor forms; Covariance

and transformation law of Lorentz force. Self energy of electron

Books Recommended: 1. Marion- Classical Electrodynamics

2. Jackson- Classical Electrodynamics

3. Panofsky & Phillips- Classical Electrodynamics

4. Griffith-Electrodynamics

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Course No: Ph 202(B)

Solid state Physics-II Marks : 25

Classes:30

1. Magnetism: Dia-, para-, and ferro-Anti-ferro, Ferri-magnetic properties of solids, Langevin‟s theory

of diamagnetism, Quantum theory of paramagnetism. Curie‟s law, Spontaneous magnetisation and

its temperature dependence, Curie-Weiss law of ferromagnetism, Curie temperature domain

structure, explanation of Hysteresis, applications.

2. Superconductivity: Basic Phenomenology, Consequence of zero resistance, Meissner effect,

London equation, Penetration depth, thermodynamics, concept on coherence length and formation of

Cooper pair.

3. Dielectrics: Review of Dielectric in DC, Local field in liquids and solids, Clausius-Mosotti Relation,

Derivation of ionic and electronic polarizabilities, Complex dielectric constant and dielectric losses,

dielectric losses and relaxation time.

Books recommended: 1) Dekker: Solid State Physics

2) Solid State Physics: C. Kittle

3) Solid State Physics: S O Pillai

4) Solid State Physics: Mattis

5) Magnetism in Condensed Matter: Stephen Bludell

6) Introduction of Solid State Theory - O. Madelung (Springer).

7) Principles of the theory of solids J.M. Ziman:

Course No: PHS 203(A)

Analog Electronics-II Marks : 25

Classes: 25

1. (i) Network analysis: Network theorems, equivalent circuits, two-port parameters hybrid

parameters, Topological descriptions of different commonly used networks, to T and T to

conversions, reduction of a complicated network into its equivalent T and form.

(ii) Filter Circuit : L filter, filter, iterative impedance, image impedance of a network,

symmetrical network, characteristic impedence and propagation constant of a network. Methods of

development of different constant-k filters like high pass, low pass, band pass and band stop filter

circuits.

Active filters: OPAMP as active filterelement:1st order,low pass, high pass, band pass and band

reject filters design and characteristics

Power supply: Voltage and current regulators, Constant voltage and current regulators, IC-

regulators, SMPS.

2. Transmission Lines: Line parameters, characteristic impedance and propagation constant of a

transmission line, voltage and current equations of transmission line : Telegraphers‟ equation,

attenuation constant, phase constant, line of finite length behaving as a line of infinite length,

reflection co-efficient in a line, velocity of signal in a line, voltage standing wave ratio, Input

impedance of Lossless line, line at radio frequency, distortion less line, cable fault location telephone

cable.

Books Recommended

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1. Electronics(Classical and Modern)- KAR (Books and Allied (P) LTD)

2. J D Ryder - Networks line and fields.

3. Van Valkenburg - Network Analysis 3rd Edition.

4. Frazier - Telecommunications.

5. S M Zee - Physics of semiconductor devices.

Course No: PHSPG 203(B)

Digital electronics-II Marks: 25

Classes: 25

1. Arithmetic Logic Circuits:

(A) Address/ Subtractors:

i. HA and its implementation using logic gates

ii. FA and its implementation using logic gates

iii. Half & full subtractor and their implementations using basic

gates.

(B) Multibit adder and subtractor circuits

(C) Multiplier circuits.

2. Arithmetic Logic Unit:74181 ALU; Block diagram, Function Table

3. Conversion technique one Flip flop to another.

4. Timing circuit and Timers: Simplified internal structure of 555Timer, Astable and monostable

multivibrators using IC 555.

5. Semiconductor Memories: Memory organization and operation; read-write operation; Expanding

memory size; Expanding word size.; Expanding word capacity.

6. Classification and characteristics of Memories: Principle of operation ; physical characteristics;

mode of access.

7. Fabrication technology: ROM , RAM; types and characteristics

8. μP-8085: Organization; instruction codes, simple programming using μP

Books Recommended :

1) Digital Circuits-Vol 1 &2- D. Ray Choudhuri; Platinum Publishers

2) R S Gaonkar – Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with 8085/ 8085A (2nd

Ed.).

3) R P Jain, Modern digital electronics, Tata McGraw Hill.

4) Anand Kumar, Fundamentals of Digital Circuits, PHI

5) Taub & Schilling, Principals of Communication Systems, Tata McGraw Hill.

Course No: PHSPG 204

Introduction to Astronomy Marks: 50

Classes: 50

1. Introduction, Astronomy vs. Astrology, Our Place in the Universe, The Sky and Its Motions, Understanding the Seasons, Phases of the Moon, Eclipses of the Sun & Moon.

2. The Copernican Revolution, Gravity and Kepler's Laws, Energy and Orbits, The

Nature of Light, Spectra and the Doppler Effect, How Telescopes Work.

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3. Observational Astronomy, The Solar System, Formation of the Solar System, Terrestrial Planets, History of the Terrestrials, Why is Earth Habitable? The Jovian

Planets, Comets, Asteroids, and Impacts.

4. The Origin of Sunlight, Properties of Stars, The H-R Diagram, Stellar Lives, Stellar Deaths , White Dwarfs and Neutron Stars, Black Holes.

5. The Milky Way, Other Galaxies, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Life in the Universe.

Night Observing: an evening observing session at the campus observatory (N C

Rana Sky Observation Centre)

Solar Observing: a day time session to observe the surface features of the sun.

Books Recommended:

1. Baidyanath Basu: Introduction to Astrophysics

2. K. D. Abhyankar: Astrophysics: Stars and Galaxies. Tata McGraw Hill Publication 3. McCusky: Introduction to Celestial Mechanics

4. W. M. Smart: Text book of Spherical Astronomy 5. K. D. Abhyankar: Astrophysics of the solar system 6. J.V. Narlikar: The lighter side of Gravity

7. J. Nassau: Practical Astronomy

Course No: PHSPG 205

Electronics Practical-II

Marks: 50

1. To design a 4 bit (Mod-16) ripple counter and to develop different modulo counters (Mod-13, Mod-

10) from it.

2. Study of differential amplifier circuit using transistors and find out its differential mode gain.

3. Design of a window comparator and study its characteristics

4. Study of performance of an OPAMP as comparator.

5. Construct a circuit to measure CMRR of an OPAMP.

6. To design an LC oscillator using transistor.

7. Study of i) low pass and ii) high pass active filter.

8. Simple programming for µP -8085 for-Addition, Subtraction, ORing, ANDing and Complement.

Course No: Ph 206

Advance Practical-I

Marks: 50

Group-A

1. Study of the characteristics of a GM tube.

2. Determination of lattice parameter and crystal structure from X-ray diffractogram

3. To study the variation of resistivity of semiconductor with temperature and to find out the band gap

energy using four method.

4. Determination of specific charge by using Thomson‟s method

5. Determination of Plank‟s constant (using photo electric effect).

6. Difference between Na D1 and D2 lines by Michelson Interferometer.

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7. To determine the resolving time of the G-M counting system.

Group-B

1. Determination of Electron/Ion temperature by Single and Double probe method

2. Determination of the gamma ray absorption coefficients by using a G.M. counter.

3. Study the atomic energy states by Frank-Hertz Experiment

4. To study characteristics of L D R.

5. Determination of Curie temperature of ferrite material.

6. Study of nuclear counting statistics.

7. To estimate the separation between the two plates of a Febry-Perot interferometer.

Third Semester

Course No: Ph 301(A)

Quantum Mechanics-II Marks : 25

Classes:30

1. Symmetry and Conservation laws: Conservation laws and degeneracy associated with symmetries;

Continuous symmetries, space and time translations, rotations; angular momentum matrices,

Addition of angular momentum, CG coefficients. Spin matrices and eigenfunctions Rotation

matrices; Discrete symmetries-parity and time reversal.

2. Approximation methods for bound states: A) Stationary perturbation theory- non degenerate and

degenerate cases, Stark effect; Variation method, ground state of Helium atom, WKB approximation.

B) Time dependent perturbation; Transition probabilities, Constant and harmonic perturbations

Sudden approximation, Adiabatic approximation; Fermi's golden rule, Semi-classical treatment of

radiation.

3. Scattering theory: Laboratory and centre of mass frames, differential and total scattering cross-

sections, scattering amplitude; Scattering by spherically symmetric potentials; Partial wave analysis

and phase shifts; Ramsauer-Townsend effect; Relation between sign of phase shift and attractive or

repulsive nature of the potential; Scattering by a rigid sphere and square well; Coulomb scattering;

Formal theory of scattering-Green's function in scattering theory; Lippman-Schwinger equation;

Born approximation; Yukawa and Coulomb potential

Books recommended

1. Quantum Mechanics-Ballentine-World Scientific Publishing

2. Schaum's Outline of theory and problems of Quantum Mechanics - Peleg, Pinni and Zaarur

3. Constantinescu F., Magyari E., Problems in Quantum Mechanics (Pergamon)

4. Practical Quantum Mechanics-Sigfried Flugge-Springer Verlag

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Course No: Ph 301(B)

Statistical Mechanics - I Marks: 25

Classes – 30

1. Recapitulation: Connection between statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, Macroscopic and

microscopic states, classical ideal gas, Gibbs paradox. Elements of ensemble theory: Phase space and

density function, Liouville‟s theorem, micro-canonical ensemble, Canonical ensemble, mean-square

fluctuation of an observable, energy fluctuation in the canonical ensemble: correspondence with the

micro canonical ensemble, a system of harmonic oscillator, thermodynamics of magnetic systems:

negative temperature problems.

2. Grand canonical ensemble: density and energy fluctuation in the grand canonical ensemble:

correspondence with the other ensembles.

3. Quantum mechanical ensemble theory: Postulates of Quantum Statistical mechanics, Density matrix,

statistics of various ensembles Ideal gas in Quantum mechanical micro canonical ensemble ,

determination of entropy in Boltzmann Gas, Bose gas, Fermi gas, Ideal gas in other quantum

mechanical ensembles

Books Recommended:

1. R. K. Pathria, Statistical Mechanics

2. K. Huang, Introduction to Statistical Mechanics

3. Silvio R. A. Salinas, Introduction to Statistical Mechanics.

4. F. Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics.

5. Kadanoff, Statistical Mechanics. World Scientific.

6. R. Kubo, Statistical Mechanics. (Collection of problems)

Course No: Ph 302(A)

Nuclear Physics-I Marks : 25

Classes:30

1. Properties of Nuclei: Double focusing mass Spectrometer (Nier and others), Nuclear Spin, magnetic

moment Rabi method; nuclear shape-electric quadruple moment; parity; statistics.

2. Stable nuclides: Regularities, the odd-even classification, stable isotopes, isotones and isobars,

isomers, mass and energy of nuclides, the mass parabolas for isobars.

3. Recapitulation of –decay spectra, systematics of - decay energies, Gamow theory of -decay.

4. -decay: Continuous nature of Spectrum; neutrino detection; Fermi‟s theory of beta decay; Kurie

plot, Simple ideas of parity violation in beta - decay.

5. -decay: The modes of gamma transition, theory of multiple radiation‟s, selection rules, internal

conversions; nuclear isomerism; recoil free gamma-ray spectroscopy.

Books Recommended 1. Introductory Nuclear Physics- Kenneths Kiane

2. Atomic and Nuclear Physics- S.N. Ghosal

3. Introduction to High Energy Physics-P.H. Berkins

4. Nuclear Physics- Kaplan

5. Concepts of Nuclear Physics- B.L. Cohen

6. Nuclear Theory- R.R. Roy and B.P. Nigam

7. The Atomic Nucleus- R.D. Evans

8. Basic Nuclear Physics- B.N. Srivastava

9. Introductory Nuclear Physics- L.R. B. Elton

15

10. Nuclei and Particles- E. Segre

11. Theoretical Nuclear reactions: Blatt and Weisskopf

Course No: PHS 302(B)

Particle Physics Marks : 25

Classes:30

1. Basic objectives of high energy physics. Brief overview of four fundamental interactions and their

characteristics, elementary particles and their characteristics

2. Static model (SU(3)f) of quarks. Baryon and meson supermultiplets. Spin-flavour state functions of

baryon decouplets, baryon octets and meson nonets. Colour wave functions. Magnetic moments of

baryons. Principles of discoveries of heavy flavours: Charm, bottom and top.(Detailed experimental

techniques not needed). Summary of quantum numbers of all quark flavours. Vector mesons and

their decays. Zweig rule.

3. Gauge theories of fundamental interactions. Internal symmetries. Global and local gauge invariances.

U(1) and SU(3)c

symmetries. Comparison between Quantum Electrodynamics and Quantum

Chromodynamics. Running coupling constants (derivations not required). Ultraviolet breakdown.

Asymptotic freedom. Infrared slavery

4. Weak interaction. Analogy with electromagnetic interaction. Four-fermion point interaction of

Fermi. Weak interaction amplitude in terms of bilinear covariants. Parity violation. τ-θ paradox,

Wu‟s experiment. Correlation data. V-A form of weak interaction amplitude. Parity violations in Λ0

,

K0

decays. Strangeness oscillation. Regeneration phenomenon. CP violation in K0

decay. CPT

theorem (statement only). Strangeness-conserving and strangeness-violating weak interactions.

Cabbibo theory.

5. Neutrino mass and neutrino oscillation. Derivation of intensity of νe

- νμ

. Atmospheric, solar and

Supernova neutrinos. Solar neutrino problem

Books recommended: 1. Introduction to High Energy Physics – D. H. Perkins, Addison Wesley, Reading, Mass (1982)

2. Quarks and Leptons: An Introductory Course in Modern Particle Physics – F. Halzen and A.

D. Martin, John Wiley & Sons (!983)

3. The ideas of Particle Physics: An introduction for Scientists - G. D. Coughlan, J. E. Dodd and

B. M. Gripaios, Cambridge University Press(1984).

4. Facts and Mysteries in Elementary Particle Physics – Martinus Veltman, World Scientific

(2003).

Course No: Ph 303

Solid State Physics – Spl-I Marks : 50

Classes: 60

1. BAND THEORY OF SOLID: Concept of energy gap, empty lattice approximation and its

application, Nearly free electron model, Tight binding approximation, Effective mass approximation

method.

2. Optical Properties: Transverse plasma frequency & propagation of electromagnetic wave in a

material, Longitudinal plasma frequency & plasmon, Electrostatic screening, Thomas Fermi

dielectric function, Motts metal to insulator transition, Polariton & LST relation, Polaron. Exciton,

Raman effect in crystal, Kramers Kronig releation,

16

3. X-ray diffraction and Defect studies: (a) X-ray diffraction study and its application(Electron

scattering factor, Atomic form factor, structure factor, order-disorder materials) Debye- Waller effect

(b) Point defects in solid, Diffusion in an ionic crystal, Ionic conductivity, dislocation, Plane defect,

Luminescence, Colour center.

4. Quantization of orbit in a magnetic field: Landau levels, De Haas Van Alphen Effect, Magnetic

breakdown

5. Dielectrics in AC, Ferroelectric characteristics & their classification, Polarization catastrophe, Origin

of ferroelectricity, Landaus theory of ferroelectric transition

Books recommended: 1) Solid State Physics: C. Kittle

2) Ferrites: J. Smith & P.J. Wijn

3) Introduction to Magnetic Materials: B. D. Cullity

4) Solid State Physics: Askrof and Mermin

5) O. Madelung – Introduction of Solid State Theory (Springer).

6) J.M. Ziman: Principles of the theory of solids

Course No: Ph 304

Matter & Material Science - Marks : 50

Classes: 60

17

Course No: Ph 305

Advance Practical-II Marks: 50

Group-A

1. Determination of Electron/Ion temperature by Single and Double probe method

2. Determination of the gamma ray absorption coefficients by using a G.M. counter.

3. Study the atomic energy states by Frank-Hertz Experiment

4. To study characteristics of L D R.

5. Determination of Curie temperature of ferrite material.

6. Study of nuclear counting statistics.

7. To estimate the separation between the two plates of a Febry-Perot interferometer.

Group-B

1. Study of the characteristics of a GM tube.

2. Determination of lattice parameter and crystal structure from X-ray diffractogram

3. To study the variation of resistivity of semiconductor with temperature and to find out the band gap

energy using four method.

4. Determination of specific charge by using Thomson‟s method

5. Determination of Plank‟s constant (using photo electric effect).

6. Difference between Na D1 and D2 lines by Michelson Interferometer.

7. To determine the resolving time of the G-M counting system.

Course No: Ph 306

Solid State Physics(Spl Paper)-I

Marks: 50

Group-A

1. Study of Hall effect with variation of temperature.

2. Determination of Lande g-factor for the given sample using electron spin resonance spectrometer.

3. Determination of barrier potential and doping profile of transistor junctions

4. Determination of ionic conductivity of the given sample.

18

5. Study of Hysteresis loop of magnetic materials by using Hysteresis Loop Tracer.

6. Study of characteristics of the given solar cell

7. Defect study of thin film from X-ray diffraction.

Group-B

8. Study of magneto resistance of the given material

9. Determination of carrier life time in Photoconductor

10. Measurement of magnetic susceptibility and Bohr magneton number of given sample by Gouy

method.

11. Absorption/Transmission spectra of thin films by using UV/VIS spectro photometre.

12. Dielectric measurement of polycrystalline ferroelectric sample /PE

13. Characteristics of a Photo –Transistor.

Fourth Semester

Course No: Ph 401(A)

Quantum Mechanics-III Marks : 25

Classes:30

1. Relativistic wave mechanics: Klein-Gordon equation, Feynman-Stückelberg interpretation of

negative energy states and concept of antiparticles; Dirac equation, covariant form, adjoint equation;

Plane wave solution and momentum space spinors; Spin and magnetic moment of the electron; Non-

relativistic reduction; Helicity and chirality; Properties of matrices; Charge conjugation;

Normalisation and completeness of spinors.

2. Solution of Dirac equation: in EM field and Coulomb field; Relativistic correction to the energy of

one electron atom. Fine structure of spectral lines; Selection rules; Lamb shift. Effect of external

magnetic field - Strong, moderate and weak field. Hyperfine interaction and isotope shift; Hyperfine

splitting of spectral lines; selection rules.

3. Identical Particles: Meaning of identity and consequences; Symmetric and antisymmetric

wavefunctions; Slater determinant; Symmetric and antisymmetric spin wavefunctions of two

identical particles; Collisions of identical particles.

Books Recommended:

1. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics-James D. Bjorken Sidney D. Drell-McGraw-Hill Book Company

2. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics-Hartmut M. Pilkuhn-Springer

3. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics-Greiner-Springer

Course No: Ph 401(B)

Quantum Statistical Mechanics Marks: 25

Classes – 30

1. Ideal Bose system: Thermodynamical behaviour, BE condensation, blackbody radiation

2. Ideal Fermi System: Thermodynamical behaviour; Magnetic behaviour of an ideal Fermi gas: Pauli

paramagnetism, Landau diamagnetism and DeHaas-van Alphen affect, electron gas in metal, thermo

ionic emission, photoelectric emission

19

3. Theory of phase transition : Clausius Clapeyron equation; Vanderwaal‟s system‟ Maxwell

construction, Theory of Yang and Lee, Ising model (one and Two dimensional)

Books Recommended:

1. R. K. Pathria, Statistical Mechanics

2. K. Huang, Introduction to Statistical Mechanics

3. Silvio R. A. Salinas, Introduction to Statistical Mechanics.

4. F. Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics.

5. Kadanoff, Statistical Mechanics. World Scientific.

6. R. Kubo, Statistical Mechanics. (Collection of problems)

7. S.K. Ma, Statistical Physics (World Scientific, Singapore)

8. A. Ishihara, Statistical Physics

Course No: Ph 402(A)

Nuclear Physics-II Marks: 25

Classes: 30

1. Nuclear interactions and reactions: Nucleon-Nucleon interaction, exchange forces and tensor forces.

The deuteron - Square well potential; neutron-proton and proton-proton scattering at low energies.

Classifications of nuclear reactions, Conservation laws; reaction channels; the mass & energy

balance in nuclear reactions, direct and compound nuclear reaction mechanisms, compound nuclear

model; basic ideas on continuum theory; nuclear resonance.

2. Nuclear models: liquid drop model, Bohr Wheeler theory of fission, experimental evidence for shell

effect, shell model, spin orbit coupling , magic numbers, angular momenta and parity of nuclear

ground state; collective model of Bohr and Mottelson.

3. Neutron Physics: Classification of neutrons, Source of neutrons, Thermal neutrons; Velocity

selection and time of flight methods, elements of neutron optics.

4. Reactor Physics: Slowing down of neutrons in a moderator, average log decrement of energy per

collision, Moderating ratio

5. High energy Physics: Types of interection, typical strength and time scale, Conservation loss, Parity

and time reversal, CPT theorem

Course No: Ph 402(B)

GTR Marks : 25

Classes:30

1. Introduction:The need for a theory of gravity, Gravitation and inertia: the Equivalence Principle in

mechanics, The Equivalence Principle and optics, Curved surfaces.

2. Einstein field equations, the Schwarzschild solution and experimental tests of General Relativity:

Newtonian limit, Einstein field equations, Gravitational action and field equations, Schwarzschild

solution, Time dependence and spherical symmetry: Birkhoff‟s theorem, Gravitational red-shift, Geodesics

in Schwarzschild space-time, Precession of planetary orbits, Deflection of light, Gravitational lens, Radar

echoes from planets, Radial motion in a Schwarzschild field: black holes – frozen stars, A gravitational

clock effect.

20

3. Some mathematical aspects:

Fermi–Walker transport: tetrad formalism, Lie derivatives, Killing vectors and groups of motion, Static

and stationary space-times, Killing vectors and conservation laws.

4. Gravitational collapse and black holes:

The interior Schwarzschild solution and the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation, Energy density and

binding energy, Degenerate stars: white dwarfs and neutron stars, Schwarzschild orbits: Eddington–

Finkelstein coordinates, Kruskal–Szekeres coordinates, Einstein–Rosen Bridge and wormholes, conformal

treatment of infinity: Penrose diagrams.

.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Lewis Ryder ,Introduction to General Relativity (CUP)

2. Adler, R., Bazin, M. & Schiffer, M. (1975), Introduction to General Relativity (2nd edn), New York:

McGraw-Hill

3. Hartle, J. B. (2003), Gravity, San Francisco: Addison-Wesley

4. Morin, D. (2007), Introduction to Classical Mechanics, Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press

Course No: Ph 403(A)

Semiconductor Physics and Devices Marks: 25

Classes: 30

1. Electron & Hole statistics in a semiconductors: Non degenerate & degenerate semiconductor, Intrinsic semiconductor, Ionization energy calculation, Distribution function over an impurity state, N type & P type semiconductor, Boltzman transport equation & applied to a non degenerate semiconductor.

2. PN junction in equilibrium, Einstein Relation, Diffusion length, Derivation of diode equation, Junction capacitance, Transistor, FET.

3. Metal Semiconductor junction, Equilibrium & Non-equilibrium carriers, Photoconductivity & related device, Recombination via trap, Solar cell, Semiconductor laser, Hetero junction.

4. Phototransistor, UJT, Four layer pnpn device, Diac, Triac

21

Microwave Semicoonductor Devices: Schottky barrier diode, Tunnel diode, Varactor diode, Gunn diode,

IMPATT diode.

Thyristors: Semiconductor power devices: Shockley diode, SCR, DIAC, Triac, Programmable

Unijunction Transistor(PUT), CCD

Optoelectronic Devices: LDR, Photodiode, Phototransistor, Solar cell, LED, Optoelectronics Coupler,

The Junction Laser.

Recommended Book:

1. Solid State Physics: C. Kittle

2. Magnetism in Condensed Matter: Stephen Bludell

3. O. Madelung – Introduction of Solid State Theory (Springer).

4. J.M. Ziman: Principles of the theory of solids

5. Dekker : Solid State Physics

6. S M Zee – Semiconductor devices

7. Streetmann – Semiconductor Physics

Course No: PHS 403(B)

Applied Optics Marks : 25

Classes: 25

1. Methods of Q Switching: Q-Switching by electro optical shutters, By mechanical shutters, by

acoustic-optic modulators, by magneto-optic modulators, by passive Q-switching using saturable

absorbers.

2. Non-linear Optics: Non-linearity of medium, second and higher harmonic generation, phase

matching condition, frequency addition and frequency subtraction, self focusing and self defocusing.

3. Fiber optics: Different types (single and multi mode) of step index and graded index optical fiber.

Modal propagation of Electromagnetic waves in optical fiber, concept of dispersion compensated

fiber with different types of dispersion. Fiber amplifier and fiber laser (qualitative discussion)

4. Photonics Information Processing: Optical logic operations, Optical arithmetic operation with binary,

tristate and modified tristate number.

Course No: Ph 404

Solid State Physics – Spl-II Marks: 50

Classes: 60

1. Magnetism : Quantum theory of dia, paramagnetism, transition and rare-earth elements,

Ferromagnetic, anti-ferromagnetic and Ferri-magnetic order, molecular fields, direct and indirect

exchange interaction, Heisenberg and Ising model, domain theory, Bloch wall, spin waves, magnons,

magnetic resonance, principle and application of NMR, EPR, ESR.

22

2. Superconductivity: Review of experimental results, London-Pippard theory, penetration depth,

coherence length, electron-phonon interaction, Cooper pair, BCS theory, energy gap, transition

temperature, Quantum mechanical current, Super current Equation, Two-Fluid Model, weak links,

Josephson Tunneling: D.C Josephson Tunneling and A.C Josephson Tunneling, Ginzburg Landau

theory, Flux quantization, Critical Current density, SQUID, superconducting devices, recent

advances on high Tc superconductors.

Books Recommended:

1) Magnetism in Condensed Matter: Stephen Bludell

2) Theory of Superconductivity, J. Robert Schrieffer,

3) Introduction to Superconductivity, 2nd Edition, by Michael Tinkham

Course No: Ph 405

Solid State Physics (Spl Paper)-II

Marks: 50

Group-A

1. Study of magneto resistance of the given material

2. Determination of carrier life time in Photoconductor

3. Measurement of magnetic susceptibility and Bohr magneton number of given sample by Gouy

method.

4. Absorption/Transmission spectra of thin films by using UV/VIS spectrophotometer.

5. Dielectric measurement of polycrystalline ferroelectric sample.

6. Study of Thermo luminescence in a crystal.

7. Characteristics of a Photo –Transistor.

Group-B

8. Study of Hall effect with variation of temperature.

9. Determination of Lande g-factor for the given sample using electron spin resonance spectrometer.

10. Determination of barrier potential and doping profile of transistor junctions

11. Determination of ionic conductivity of the given sample.

12. Study of Hysteresis loop of magnetic materials by using Hysteresis Tracer.

13. Study of characteristics of the given solar cell.

14. Defect study of thin film from X-ray diffraction.