Midland Energy Resources
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Transcript of Midland Energy Resources
![Page 1: Midland Energy Resources](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070602/5876c1821a28ab6d5a8b4fc1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MIDLAND ENERGY RESOURCES, INC.
DONALD L PALMAFINC 430.01
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BACKGROUND
• GLOBAL ENEREGY COMPANY• WENT PUBLIC AROUND 1886• 2006 OPERATIONAL REVENUE: $203B• 2006 OPERATIONAL INCOME:42.2B• THREE SEGMENTS:
• OIL & GAS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION (E&P)• REFINING AND MARKETING (R&M)• PETROCHEMICALS
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EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION (E&P)
• REVENUE: $22.4B• AFTER TAX INCOME: $12.6B• MOST PROFITABLE• NET MARGIN AMONG HIGHEST IN THE INDUSTRY• RISING GLOBAL DEMAND = PRODUCTION INCREASING• HISTORICALLY HIGH OIL PRICES = MORE INVESTMENTS
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REFINING & MARKETING (R&M)
• REVENUE: $203B• AFTER TAX INCOME: $4.08B• OVER 40 REFINERIES WORLDWIDE• FIRM’S LARGEST REVENUE • REVENUE IS DECREASING• TOUGH COMPETITION = VERY LOW MARGINS• LONG-TERM = REFINING CAPACITY DECLINING
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PETROCHEMICAL
• REVENUE: $23.2B• AFTER TAX INCOME: $2.1B• PRODUCES DIFFERENT CHEMICALS AND LUBRICANTS• SMALLEST DIVISION• MOST INVESTMENTS OUTSIDE OF U.S. IN JOINT VENTURES
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FINANCIAL AND INVESTMENT POLICIES
• GROW OVERSEAS:• CONVERT FOREIGN CASH FLOWS
• INVEST IN VALUE-CREATING PROJECTS:• PROJECT’S DISCOUNT CASH FLOWS
• OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE:• EVALUATE BORROWING
• REPURCHASE UNDERVALUED SHARES:• VALUE COMPANY USING DCF AND APPROPRIATE DISCOUNT RATE
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CURRENT SITUATION
• JANET MORTENSEN: SENIOR VP OF PROJECT FINANCE• COST OF CAPITAL ANALYISIS:
• ASSETS APPRAISALS• M&A PROPOSALS• PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS• FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
• TASK: DETERMINE FIRM WACC & DIVISIONS WACC• WHICH WACC SHOULD BE USED• WHERE SHOULD THEY INVEST?
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WACC
• WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPITAL• COST TO BORROW MONEY• WEIGHTS ARE ON EACH FINANCING SOURCE• USED TO FIND DISCOUNT RATE FOR A PROJECT
• COST OF FINANCING CAPITAL • USED TO FIND DISCOUNT RATE IN DCF VALUATION MODEL
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WACC FORMULA
• rd *(D/V)*(1-t)+re*(E/V)• rd=COST OF DEBT (INTEREST EXPENSE)• (D/V)=PERCENT OF FINANCING THAT IS DEBT• (1-t)= INTEREST TAX SHIELD• re =COST OF EQUITY (CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL)
• CAPM= rƒ+β*(EMRP) (EQUITY MARKET RISK PREMIUM)• (E/V)= PERCENT OF FINANCING THAT IS EQUITY
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BETA UNLEVERING/ASSET BETA
• UNLEVER THE BETA OF FIRM AND DIVISIONS• REMOVES DEBT FROM COMPARISON OF RISK TO MARKET• βU= βL /(1+(1-t)*D/E)
• βUMIDLAND=1.25(1+(1-39.7%)*59.3%)=.922
• βUE&P=.933
• βUR&M=1.049
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TARGET EQUITY BETA
• USE THE D/E FROM THE (E/V)/(D/V)• E/V=.578; D/V=.422; V=1 : SO D/E=.73• βE= βu*(1+(1-t)*(D/E)• βE=.922*(1+(1-39.7%)*.73)• βEMIDLAND=1.33• ΒEE&P=1.41• βER&M=1.33
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FIRM WIDE WACC INPUT: RD• COST OF DEBT: 6.28%
• 1.62% = INTEREST RATE ON CURRENT DEBT: SPREAD TO TREASURY• 4.66% = 10 YEAR ON US TREASURY BONDS
FIRM WIDE WACC INPUT: RE• COST OF EQUITY: 11.30%
• rƒ+β(EMRP)
• rƒ= 4.66%: 10 YEAR ON US TREASURY BONDS• β= 1.33• EMRP=5%: EQUITY MARKET RISK PREMIUM
EQUITY MARKET RISK PREMIUM• EXPECTED RETURN OF A BROAD PORTFOLIO OVER RISK-FREE RETURN• WALL STREET ANALYST, ADVISORS: BANKERS & AUDITORS AGREED ON 5%
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VALUES USED FOR COST OF DEBT
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FIRM WIDE WACC INPUT: TAX
• TAX RATE: 39.7%• AVERAGE OF 2004, 2005, 2006
TAX RATE • TAX RATE= INCOME TAX/INCOME
BEFORE TAXES
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FIRM WIDE WACC
• rd *(D/V)*(1-t)+re*(E/V)• 6.28%*42.2%*(1-.397)+(4.66%+(1.33%*5%)*57.8%) =• 0.08127969
•8.13%
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E&P, R&M, AND PETROCHEMICALS WACC
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DIVISION BETAS
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E&P AND R&M WACC• E&P
• rd *(D/V)*(1-t)+re*(E/V)• (.016+.0466)*46%*(1-.397) +(4.66%
+(1.41*.05))*54%=• 0.080622845
• 8.06%
• R&M• rd *(D/V)*(1-t)+re*(E/V)• (.018+.0466)*31%*(1-.397) +(4.66%
+(1.33*.05))*69%=• 0.090215226
•9.02%
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E&P, R&M, AND PETROCHEMICALS WACC INPUTS
E&P R&M PETROCHEM
SPREAD TO TREASURY 1.6% 1.8% 1.35%
10 YR RISK FREE 4.66% 4.66% 4.66%
(D/V) 46% 31% 40%TAX RATE 39.7% 39.7% 39.7%
(E/V)=(1-D/V) 54% 69% 60%
DIVISION BETA 1.41 1.33 βPETROCHEMICAL
EMRP 5% 5% 5%
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PETROCHEMICAL ΒETA
• βMIDLAND=βE&P*(E&P ASSET WEIGHT)+ βR&M *(R&M ASSET WEIGHT)+ βpetrochemical *(PETROCHEMICAL ASSET WEIGHT))
• .92=.93(.53)+1.05(.36)+βPETROCHEMICAL(.11)• ASSET βPETROCHEMICAL = 0.452
• TARGET EQUITY βPETROCHEMICAL = ASSET βPETROCHEMICAL(1+(1-t)*D/E)• = 0.452*(1+(1-.397)*.667)• = 0.633
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PETROCHEMICAL WACC
• rd *(D/V)*(1-t)+re*(E/V)• .601*40%*(1-.397)+.783*60%• 0.061445102
• 6.14%
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MIDLAND ENERGY RESOURCES WACC’S
• WHOLE FIRM: 8.13%• E&P: 8.06%• R&M: 9.02%• PETROCHEMICAL: 6.14%
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• USING A SINGLE WACC CAN CAUSE TWO PROBLEMS:• TYPE 1 ERROR: INVEST IN PROJECT THAT SEEMS TO
HAVE POSITIVE NPV BUT ACTUALLY ARE NEGATOIVE BEAUSE NPV IS TOO LOW
• TYPE 2 ERRORS: REJECT A GOOD PROJECT BECAUSE WACC IS TOO HIGH
• PETROCHEMICAL’S LOW WACC REPRESENTS A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY
• E&P LOWER COC MAY BE BETTER USE OF LEVERAGE