Nutrition

Laura Woodyard Adriana’s class

JFK Middle School November 8/15, 2014

Nutri&on  

H.E.L.P.  6th  Grade  

TM#1:  We  need  water  and  food  to  give  us  energy  to  live.  

We  need  water  and  food  to  give  us  energy  to  live.  

What  happens  when  we  have  not  eaten  in  a  long  0me?  

What  happens  when  we  have  not  eaten  in  a  long  0me?  We  can  get  hungry,  &red,  and  sick!  

The  basic  nutrients,  which  give  us  energy,  are  carbohydrates,  

proteins,  and  fats.    

Carbohydrates  

• Easy  to  digest  • Examples:  

• Candy  • Bread  • Rice    

Proteins  

• “building  blocks”  of  cells  

• Examples:  • Lean  meat  •  fish

• Eggs  • Beans    

Fats  

• Oily  and  greasy  foods  

• Examples:  • BuRer  • Oil  • Cheese  

TM#3:  Vitamins,  minerals,  and  fibers  are  also  important  for  our  

health.  

What  kinds  of  foods  

would  have  these  

“Nutri0on  Facts”  labels?  

Understanding Nutrition •  There are 3 essential macronutrients:

– Carbohydrates •  Simple: i.e. fructose, glucose, galactose,

sucrose •  Complex: starch, fiber

– Proteins •  20 amino acids •  8 essential (come from external sources)

– Fats •  Saturated, Trans, Unsaturated (Omegas)

Carbohydrates

•  Simple carbohydrates: •  Include sugars found naturally in foods such as

fruits (fructose, vegetables (glucose), milk, and milk products (galactose). They also include sugars added during food processing and refining (sucrose)

•  Complex carbohydrates •  Include whole grain breads and cereals,

starchy vegetables and legumes. Many of the complex carbohydrates are good sources of fiber.

Proteins •  A polypeptide, made of a chain of

subunits called amino acids, connected in different sequences

•  Proteins are the building blocks of life, and the body uses amino acids to make proteins to help the body:

•  Break down food •  Grow •  Repair body tissue •  Perform many other body functions •  Can be used as a last resort source of energy

Fats •  Fat is a type of nutrient.

•  Fats give you energy and help your body absorb vitamins (A,D,K,E).

•  Dietary fat also plays a major role in your cholesterol. Saturated & trans fats can get caught in arteries and clog the inner tubes of the veins, putting you at risk for atherosclerosis, strokes, and heart attacks

•  Unsaturated fats are important for the integrity of the cell membrane. There are polyunsaturated fats (more than one double bond) and monounsaturated fats (one double bond)

Vitamins & Minerals •  Essential vitamins and minerals in the diet

are vital to boost immunity and healthy development.

•  Vitamin A, zinc, iron and iodine deficiencies are primary public health concerns. About 2 billion people are affected by inadequate iodine nutrition worldwide. More than one third of preschool-age children globally are vitamin A deficient. Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children.

Water Soluble Vitamins •  B(1,2,3,5,6,12) folic acid, biotin: help with

metabolism, as well as hair, skin, and nails. –  B12 is important for the the integrity of blood cells, and

stress response –  Folic Acid prevents neural tube defects in fetuses

•  C: help with protecting the cell against free radicals, wound healing, and aids the immune system

Fat soluble Vitamins •  A: helps with eyesight, the immune system and

reproduction, also needed for the proper function of the heart, lungs, and kidneys

•  D: help with bone development* It helps with the absorption of calcium.

•  K: the body’s bacteria can make K, Is important for blood clotting, as well as bone strength

•  E: acts as a free radical, aids the immune system stave off bacteria and viruses, helps with vascular integrity (declogging the venus pipes), & prevents clotting

Minerals •  Magnesium (Mg) – helps with muscle relaxation •  Calcium (Ca) – builds bones •  Iron (Fe) – important to prevent anemia •  Zinc (Zn) – important for wound healing •  Iodine (I) – important for thyroid function •  Selenium (Se) – important for making proteins •  Chromium (Cr) – helps improve the function of

insulin

Deciphering Food Labels.

•  When looking at a food label, it is important to note a few items: – Calories – Serving Size – Micronutrients (Vitamins & Minerals) – Macromolecules – Cholesterol

Nutrition Facts Butter

Baby Carrots

Pasta

Turkey

Walnuts

Apples

Potatoes

TM#5:  The  diges8ve  

system  breaks  down  food,  absorbs  

nutrients,  and  removes  wastes.    

The Digestive System .

Your digestive system consists of organs that break down food (called digestion) into components that your body uses for energy and for building and repairing cells and tissues. Those nutrients are then absorbed and used by the mitochondria, where they are converted by chemical processes into ATP, the energy currency of the cells.

The Digestive System

Mouth

Begins in the mouth -  Mechanical digestion

(mastication) -  Chemical digestion of

starches (saliva) -  Create a bolus

The Digestive System

Mouth

Esophagus

As food is swallowed, the soft palate blocks the upper pharynx to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity. Food moves down the esophagus into the stomach

The Digestive System

Mouth

Esophagus

Stomach

In the stomach, pepsin and trypsin, two enzymes are released into the pouch, where proteins are broken down into amino acids

The Digestive System

Mouth

Esophagus

Stomach

Small Intestine

In the small intestines, enzymes break down fats and carbohydrates. The nutrients are absorbed into the blood stream through the villi

The Digestive System

Mouth

Esophagus

Stomach

Small Intestine

Large Intestine

In the large intestine, the last of water is absorbed from the waste and undigested fiber. The waste passes through to the anus and pooped out.

“Magic  School  Bus:  For  Lunch”  

hRp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxfrWz45XU4  

 

Mexican Meal Makeover •  TRY TEX-MEX! •  Go for lite cheese, less fat and less dairy in quesadillas,

burritos, and enchiladas… better yet… choose fajitas •  Grab a whole wheat option, instead of white or corn, if

available. Ask for less oil when frying and ask for extra veggies.

•  Also, Choose Mexican/ Tortilla salads… And go for a side of spiced veggies rather than beans and mole if you can.

•  Drink Limeade (y’all are too young to be drinking Margaritas). For your parent’s margaritas, use real limes, and use less sugar, and watch the tequila intake.

•  Enjoy tons of and avocado rich guacamole.

Beef Fajitas

Mexican Coffee/ Hot Chocolate •  Another treat… spiced

coffee.

•  Try adding some cinnamon or ground chili peppers to coffee and hot chocolate.

•  It adds a touch of spice that can provide a sense of satisfaction.