Middle EastMiddle East

OILOIL

What is OIL used for?What is OIL used for? AspirinAspirin BalloonsBalloons BandagesBandages CamerasCameras CandlesCandles Compact DiscsCompact Discs ComputersComputers CrayonsCrayons DeodorantDeodorant DiapersDiapers DVD’sDVD’s FertilizersFertilizers Food PreservativesFood Preservatives

GlueGlue Golf BallsGolf Balls House PaintHouse Paint InkInk LipstickLipstick Nylon RopeNylon Rope PantyhosePantyhose PhotographsPhotographs ShampooShampoo Shaving CreamShaving Cream SunglassesSunglasses SurfboardsSurfboards ToothpasteToothpaste

What a barrel of Crude Oil What a barrel of Crude Oil makes:makes:

Product:Product:– GasolineGasoline– Distillate Fuel OilDistillate Fuel Oil– Kerosene Type FuelKerosene Type Fuel– Residual Fuel OilResidual Fuel Oil– Liquefied Refinery Liquefied Refinery

GasGas– Still GasStill Gas– Asphalt and Road OilAsphalt and Road Oil– FeedstocksFeedstocks– LubricantsLubricants

Gallons per Barrel:Gallons per Barrel:– 19.419.4– 9.79.7– 4.54.5– 1.91.9– 1.91.9– 1.81.8– 1.41.4– 1.11.1– 0.50.5

Based on 42 Gallons per Barrel: American Petroleum Institute. 2002

How much OIL is in the How much OIL is in the Middle East?Middle East?

Source: http://gswindell.com/stats.htm

Oil Refinery in Iraq

Which countries have the most Which countries have the most OIL?OIL?

Greatest Oil Reserves by Country, 2005

Rank Country

Proved reserves (billion barrels)

1. Saudi Arabia 261.9

2. Canada 178.81

3. Iran 125.8

4. Iraq 115.0

5. Kuwait 101.5

6. United Arab Emirates 97.8

7. Venezuela 77.2

8. Russia 60.0

9. Libya 39.0

10. Nigeria 35.3

1. Includes 174.5 billion barrels of oil sands reserves.Source: Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 102, No. 47 (Dec. 10, 2004). From: U.S. Energy Information Administration. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/petroleu.html .

What is O.P.E.C.?What is O.P.E.C.? OOrganization of rganization of PPetroleum etroleum EExporting xporting

CCountriesountries OPEC includes 11 members on 4 continents. OPEC includes 11 members on 4 continents.

The founding members (1960) are The founding members (1960) are VenezuelaVenezuela, , IranIran, , IraqIraq, , Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia and and KuwaitKuwait. Several other oil-producing nations . Several other oil-producing nations joined thereafter the organization: joined thereafter the organization: QatarQatar (1961), (1961), IndonesiaIndonesia (1962), (1962), LibyaLibya (1969), (1969), AlgeriaAlgeria (1970), (1970), NigeriaNigeria (1971), (1971), EcuadorEcuador (1973-1992; it left the organization in order to (1973-1992; it left the organization in order to avoid production quotas), avoid production quotas), The United Arab The United Arab EmiratesEmirates (1973) and (1973) and GabonGabon (1973-1994). (1973-1994).

Source: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch5en/appl5en/opec.html

What is O.P.E.C.?What is O.P.E.C.?

Source: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch5en/appl5en/opec.html

What does O.P.E.C. do?What does O.P.E.C. do?

O.P.E.C. is an international organization O.P.E.C. is an international organization formed to formed to regulate prices and productionregulate prices and production of oil.of oil.

OPEC’s missionOPEC’s mission is to coordinate & unify the is to coordinate & unify the petroleum policies of Member Countries & petroleum policies of Member Countries & ensure the stabilization of oil prices in order ensure the stabilization of oil prices in order to secure an efficient, economic & regular to secure an efficient, economic & regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers & a fair return on capital income to producers & a fair return on capital to those investing in the petroleum industry. to those investing in the petroleum industry. (Mission Statement: (Mission Statement: www.opec.orgwww.opec.org) )

How much OIL do we use?How much OIL do we use?Oil consumption

Rank   Country  Amount      %

#1   United States 20,030,000 barrels per day   24.8%

#2   China 6,391,000 barrels per day   7.9%

#3   Japan 5,578,000 barrels per day   6.9%

#4   Russia 2,800,000 barrels per day   3.5%

#5   Germany 2,677,000 barrels per day   3.3%

#6   India 2,320,000 barrels per day   2.9%

#7   Canada 2,193,000 barrels per day   2.7%

#8   Korea, South 2,168,000 barrels per day   2.7%

#9   Brazil 2,100,000 barrels per day   2.6%

#10   France 2,060,000 barrels per day   2.6%

Source: http://www.nationmaster.com/graph-T/ene_oil_con

Will we run out of OIL?Will we run out of OIL?

Source: http://gswindell.com/stats.htm

Other sources of energy?Other sources of energy?

ElectricElectric SolarSolar Hydro-power (water)Hydro-power (water) WindWind HydrogenHydrogen NuclearNuclear Biofuels (biodiesel, ethanol, etc.)Biofuels (biodiesel, ethanol, etc.)

What can you do?What can you do?

Ride a bikeRide a bike CarpoolCarpool Take the busTake the bus WalkWalk Purchase fuel efficient vehiclesPurchase fuel efficient vehicles Recycle PlasticsRecycle Plastics Try other sources of powerTry other sources of power