Mid to Late 20th Century
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Transcript of Mid to Late 20th Century
Mid-to-Late 20th Century
Late Modernism After World War II
Mid-Century Modern Architecture
Clean Lines / “Less is More”
Free from excessive decoration
Organic Form
Geometric / International Style
Le Corbusier, Notre Dame du Haut (Ronchamp, France), 1950 - 1955
Le Corbusier
Notre Dame du Haut
1950 - 1955
• Small church chapel which replaced a building destroyed in WWII
• Shape represents praying hands or wings of a dove (symbol of peace)
• Reference to Medieval Architecture
• Concrete over metal structure
Eero Saarinen, Terminal at Kennedy Airport (New York), 1952 - 1956
Eero Saarinen
Terminal at Kennedy Airport, NY
1952 - 1956
• Airport Terminal in New York
• Futuristic
•Scandanavian Modernism
•Simple curved, organic shapes
• Theme of Motion / “Wings in Flight”
• Two concrete “shells”
Eero Saarinen, Tulip Pedestal Furniture, 1957
Frank Lloyd Wright, Guggenheim Museum (New York City), 1943 - 1959
Frank Lloyd Wright
Guggenheim Museum
1943 - 1959
• Art Museum built for Guggenheim family (major American art patrons)
• Concrete Building
• Shape inspired by the spiral shaped shell of a snail
• Building slopes down from top to bottom (using gravity)
• Central atrium with natural light
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson
Seagram Building (New York)
1956 - 1958
• International Style
• Simple and Pure rectangular shape
• Mies van der Rohe helped change the look of cities – tall “glass boxes” (design easily imitated)
• Amber colored windows and bronze colored structure
Abstract Expressionism
• First major Avant-Garde art movement in USA (started in New York in late 1940’s)
• Abstraction expressing raw emotion
• New York becomes the center of the art world (no longer Paris)
Jackson Pollock
Action Painting
Focus on the creative process
Expressive feeling through action
Used sticks to “throw” paint onto the canvas (walked on the canvas) – artist literally “in” the painting
Jackson Pollock, Lavender Mist, 1950, Oil, enamel, aluminum paint on canvas
Jackson Pollock, Lavender Mist, 1950, Oil, enamel, aluminum paint on canvas
Large scale painting with drips, splatters, and dribbles of paint
Controlled Randomness
Energetic
Oil Paint / Industrial Paints (house and car paint)
Willem de Kooning, Woman I, 1950 – 1952, Oil on Canvas
Willem de Kooning, Woman I, 1950 – 1952, Oil on Canvas
Importance of Process – de Kooning repainted this painting many times (many layers)
“Rawness” and “Intensity”
Jumbled lines / Agitated patches of color
“Ferocious” looking woman
Other Abstraction
Mark Rothko, Untitled, 1961, Oil on Canvas
Mark Rothko, Untitled, 1961, Oil on Canvas
Harmony and Spirituality / simple and pure
“Color field” painting
Focus on Color / Symbolism of Color / Emotion of Color
Ellsworth Kelly, Red Blue Green, 1963, Oil on canvas
Hard-Edged Painting
Focus on Color
Flatness – painting as two-dimensional
Absence of “the artist’s hand”
Ellsworth Kelly, Red Blue Green, 1963, Oil on canvas
Comparison
Alexander Calder, Red Lily Pads, 1956, Kinetic Sculpture (Painted Sheet Metal and Metal Rods)
Alexander Calder Red Lily Pads Kinetic Sculpture 1956
• Alexander Calder invented the mobile
• Kinetic sculpture - sculpture with movement
• Calder’s work often references the natural world
• Earlier in his career, he exhibited his work with the Surrealists
• Later in his career when he lived in New York, he kept a distance from the artistsof the New York School
• Dimensions: 106.7 x 510.5 x 276.9 cm
Minimal Art
• Sculptural Movement began in 1960’s
• “Limitation of sculpture”
• Geometric forms
• Very simple, pure aesthetic (less is more)
Donald Judd, Untitled, 1961, Brass and Plexiglas sculpture
Donald Judd, Untitled, 1961, Brass and Plexiglas sculpture
Power of the materials (“message in the medium”)
Basic geometric forms (simple and clear)
Sculpture not intended to be symbolic or metaphorical
Pop Art
• Movement began in UK in 1960’s (later became more popular in USA)
• Art based on popular culture
• Art “for the people”
• Reaction against Abstract Expressionism
Roy Lictenstein, Hopeless, 1963,
Oil on canvas
Roy Lictenstein, Hopeless, 1963, Oil on canvas
Art based on comic books
Melodramatic scene / Romance
“That’s the way it SHOULD have BEGUN, but it’s hopeless!”
Used dots to create the look of comic book printing “benday dots”
Andy WarholCampbell's soup can series
Andy Warhol Campbell's Tomato Soup Silkscreen on Canvas 1961
Mass-production American IconSilkscreen (commercial form of printmaking used for t-shirts, etc.) Connection to Graphic Design
Andy Warhol, Marilyn Diptych, 1962, Oil, acrylic, and silk-screen on canvas
Andy Warhol
Andy Warhol, Marilyn Diptych, 1962, Oil, acrylic, and silk-screen on canvas
Marilyn Monroe, American Actress who committed suicide
Fame and tragedy
Warhol – artist celebrity
Reference to film and to Renaissance art
Comparison
Conceptual Art
• Intellectual Avant-Garde Movement begun in late 1960’s
• Idea is most important aspect
• Objects used to express a concept (finished product is less important than the idea)
• Questioning art and our understanding of art
Joseph Kosuth, One and Three Chairs, 1965, Wood chair, photograph of chair, photograph of dictionary definition
Joseph Kosuth, One and Three Chairs, 1965, Wood chair, photograph of chair, photograph of dictionary definition
Language and Vision (Text and Image)
Idea of what is a chair
Challenged “what is art”
Comparison