4. Absolute monarchy a king or queen hasunlimited power

17. Agricultural revolution Happened 10,000 yearsago in the FertileCrescent involved wheatand barley. 9,000 yearsago in China involvedRice. 6,000 years ago inMexico involved Corn.6,000 years ago inAndes mountains of Peruinvolved potatoes

10. Anthropology The study of humanbeings and their culturalactivities

9. Archaeology Physical evidence frombones, pottery, tools thatenable them to studyhow people lived in thedistant past

54. Bar graph Graphs that use bars orwide lines to comparedata visually are calledbar graphs

35. Basin An area of land drainedby a given river and itsbranches; area of landsurrounded by lands ofhigher elevations

61. Buddhism Emerged in India about2,500 years ago

36. Canyon A deep and narrow valleywith steep walls

59. Christianity Emerged 2,000 yearsago in Israel, at the timeof the Roman empire.The religion was basedon the teachings ofJesus. After 300 years ithad spread widelythroughout RomanEmpire

19. Communications/technologicalrevolution

WHEN: Starting in the1960s leaping forward inthe 1990s. WHERE:Silicon Valley in NorthCalifornia but quicklyspread worldwide.WHAT WASINVOLVED: Computers,tablets, internet.Expands globalization

8. Confucianism system of philosophical and ethicalteachings founded by Confucius anddeveloped by Mencius

5. Constitutionalmonarchy

elected legislatures hold most of the power

48. Contour map It has contour lines—one line for each majorlevel of elevation. All the land at the sameelevation is connected by a line. These linesusually form circles or ovals—one inside theother

20. Culturaldiffusion

Spreading from one culture to another withsuch things as ideas, languages, customs,literature, arts, clothing etc. This happensthrough trade, war, and conquest andmigration. Example: About a 1,000 yearsago, Muslim merchants from Arabia broughtIslam to West Africa. About 1,800 years ago,Buddhist merchants from India broughtBuddhism to China

57. Cultureexpressedthrough artsand festivals

ChristmasPalm SundayGood FridayEasterAsh Wednesday

21. Culture region An area that could include severalgeographic regions (North Africa and WestAsia) but have a strong cultural connectionwith the religion Islam

37. Delta A flat, low-lying land built up from soilcarried downstream by a river and depositedat its mouth

1. Democracy A system of government in which ordinarycitizens elect politicians to represent them atnational and local level

12. Dialect A variation on a specific language that isusually spoken in a particular region of thecountry and includes unique vocabulary

3. Dictatorship a system of government in which there is NOability for ordinary citizens to participate inthe political process

2. Directdemocracy

A system in which ordinary citizens by theirvotes actually make the decisions aboutrunning the country. This system wascreated 2,500 years ago Ancient Athens, butit only lasted for about 150 years. The oneexample of direct democracy here is the US isthe system of Propositions on a ballot form

25. Early piece ofOld Englishwriting

Beowulf

Mid-term finals-GeographyStudy online at quizlet.com/_b6y2x

28. Englishbrought toAmerica

English was brought to America in 1607 bythe pilgrims. The pilgrims landed inPlymouth Rock, Massachusetts. Thepilgrims had a distinct east Anglian accent

24. Englishemerged inEngland

449 A.D.

11. Ethnocentrism The belief that one's own culture is superiorto others

6. Five majorreligions

Christianity 46%, Judaism .4%, Islam 28%,Hinduism 18%, Buddhism 8%= about99.6%

33. Four spheres Biosphere (living organisms on planet),Atmosphere (air), Lithosphere (land, crust,continents), Hydrosphere (water)

30. Four stages ofwater cycle

Evaporation (water is sucked up into thesky): condensation (water gathers in theclouds); precipitation (water falls to theearth (rain)) ; collection (water goes intothe earth or in another body of water, thenstarts the cycle again)

16. Globalization A trend that is linking the world's nationsthrough trade

38. Gulf Part of a large body of water that extendsinto a shoreline, generally larger and moredeeply indented than a bay

62. Hinduism Emerged in India. The older of the world'smajor religions dating back 3,500 yearsago.

18. Industrialrevolution

WHEN: Middle of the 18th century A.D.WHERE: England. Spread from Britain toUSA beginning in the town of Lowell,Massachusetts also spread to countries ofWest Europe. Both poorer countries ofAfrica, Asia + Latin America did not becomeindustrialized until the 20th century. WHATWAS INVOLVED: Creation of factories withlarge machines that can produce goodsquickly, efficiently and in huge numbers.Factories could employ hundreds, eventhousands, of people. IT involved large scalemovements of people from countryside tocities in a process called URBALIZATION.First time that women worked in largenumbers outside their homes. Also causedmassive pollution, harming theenvironment.

60. Islam Official start date 622 A.D. Based on theteachings of Muhammad. Within 300 yearsIslam had spread widely trough Asia andNorth Africa.

39. Isthmus A narrow stretch of land connecting twolarger land areas

58. Judaism Emerged about 3,000 years ago in Israel whenthe ancient Hebrews people created aMonotheistic religion to separate themselvesfrom other polytheistic.

13. Languagefamily

is a group of languages related by descent froma common ancestor, called the proto-languageof that family

49. Large scalemap

shows small land area with a great amount ofdetail

53. Line graph Shows changes over periods of time

56. Mapprojection

Is when the Earth's surface is flattened on aflat piece of paper. Problems with the locationor size of the continents occur

31. Marianatrench and acontinentalshelf

Mariana Trench is in the western pacificocean and is the deepest trench in the world. Itis 36,198 deep. Continental shelf is just off thecoast and is shallower water for a few miles,then drops off into the deep ocean

40. Meridian One of many lines on the global grid runningfrom the North Pole to the South Pole; used tomeasure degrees of longitude

41. Mesa Broad, flat-topped landform with steep sides;smaller than a plateau

14. Monotheism Belief in one god

42. Mouth (of ariver(

place where a stream or river flows into alarger body of water

43. Peninsula A body of land jutting into a lake or ocean,surrounded on three sides by water

52. Physicalmap

Calls out landforms and water features. Themap key explains what each color and symbolstands for

55. Pie graph A graph that clearly shows percentages

32. Platetectonics,earthquakesandvolcanosoccur mostoften-

Plate tectonics form the continents. Mostvolcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur inthe Ring of Fire which runs along the pacificocean

44. Plateau An area of level land, usually at low elevationand often covered with grasses

51. Politicalmap

Shows the names and political boundaries ofcountries, along with human-made featuressuch as cities or transportation routes

15. Polytheism Belief in more than one god

29. Rainshadowcreated

Blocks rain from reaching interior regions.Leeward→air passing over the mountain peaksto the other side, becomes cool and dry. Moistside on the mountain is the windward side

45. Relief Changes in elevation over a given area of land

34. Solstice &equinox and23 1/2degrees

On June 21st, the North Pole is tilted toward the sun. In the Northern Hemishpere, this day is the summer solstice—theday with the most hours of sunlight. In the Southern Hemisphere, that same day is the day with the fewest hours ofsunlight and marks the beginning of winter. On December 22nd, the North Pole is tilted away from the son marking thewinter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere. It is opposite in the Southern Hemisphere. An Equinox is when day andnight are of identical, or equal, length in both hemispheres. 23 ½ is important because the earth's tilt creates an angleand that angle is 23 ½ degrees. The equinoxes occur in the fall and spring

46. Strait A narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two large areas of water

7. Taoism Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu, advocating humility and religious pity

50. Thematicmap

Two things a thematic and special purpose map show natural resources and population density to name a few

47. Tributary A small river that flows into a larger river

27. Vikinglanguageinfluence onEnglish

Following an agreement between the Vikings and the Saxons most of the north of Egland was influenced by the Vikinglanguage (Norse)

26. Whichotherinvadercreated athreat toEnglishspeakers

Vikings in 793 A.D.

22. WhooriginallyspokeEnglish

The Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Friggens. They came from Denmark, Holland and Germany

23. Who was inEnglandbefore thesepeople &whatlanguagedid theyspeak

The Celts and they spoke Welsh