Seminar Report on

MICROWAVE LIFE-DETECTION SYSTEM

Submitted by,

Anwin Pauly

“Focus on Excellence”

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FISAT)™

Angamaly-683577, Ernakulam

Affiliated to

MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

Kottayam-686560

Nov 2011

Seminar report on

MICROWAVE LIFE-DETECTION SYSTEM

Submitted by

Anwin Pauly

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology in Electronics & Communication Engineering

“Focus on Excellence”

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FISAT)™

Angamaly-683577, Ernakulam

Affiliated to

MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

Kottayam-686560

Nov 2011

FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FISAT)™

Mookkannoor(P.O), Angamaly-683577

“FOCUS ON EXCELLENCE”

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the seminar report titled MICROWAVE LIFE

DETECTION SYSTEM submitted by Anwin Pauly (68677), towards partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of

Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering is a record of

bonafide work carried out by him during the academic year 2011 –2012.

Staff in charge Head of the Department

Place: Mookkanoor

Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our heart full gratitude to all those who have helped to bring

our project to a successful completion. This seminar is the sum total of the imprint of many

persons who have contributed their valuable time and energy.

I take this occasion to express our sincere gratitude to all those who have helped us in

this endeavor especially Dr. K.V Sundaresan, respected Principal of FEDERAL

INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FISAT), Mrs. Mini P.R. (Head of

Department, ECE), Mrs. Shamseena M A (Lecturer, ECE Department) & Ms. Shameem S

(Lecturer ECE Department) whose guidance has helped me to make this seminar a success.

Above all we thank God, for this mercy and blessings which helped us for the

successful completion of this seminar. Last, but not the least we wish to express our heartfelt

thanks to all of our friends for their goodwill and constructive ideas.

ABSTRACT

A new sensitive microwave life-detection system which can be used to locate human

subjects buried under earthquake rubble or hidden behind various barriers has been

constructed. This system operating at 1150 MHz or 450 MHz can detect the breathing

and heartbeat signals of human subjects through an earthquake rubble or a construction

barrier of about 10-ft thickness.

The basic physical principle for the operation of a microwave life-detection system is rather

simple. When a microwave beam of appropriate frequency (L or S band) is aimed at a pile

of earth- quake rubble covering a human subject or illuminated through a barrier

obstructing a human subject, the microwave beam can penetrate the rubble or the barrier to

reach the human subject. When the human subject is illuminated by a microwave beam, the

reflected wave from the human subject will be modulated by the subject’s body movements,

which include the breathing and the heartbeat. If the clutter consisting of the reflected wave

from sta- tionary background can be completely eliminated and the reflected wave from the

human subject’s body is properly modulated, the breathing and heartbeat signals of the

subject can be extracted. Thus, a human subject buried under earthquake rubble or hidden

behind barriers can be located.

This system has been tested extensively in a simulated earth- quake rubble in the

laboratory and also in a field test using realistic earthquake rubble conducted by a Federal

Emergency Manage- ment Agency (FEMA) Task Force

CONTENTS

Page No

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1

Chapter 2 TODAY’S CHALLENGES 2

2.1 ELECTRON V/S PHOTONS 2

Chapter 3 LIGHT PEAK

TECHNOLOGY: FEATURES 4

Chapter 4 LIGHT PEAK V/S USB 3.0 6

Chapter 5 COMPONENTS REVIEW 7

5.1 FIBER OPTICS 8

5.1.1 OPTICAL FIBER 8

5.1.2 LIGHT SOURCE 8

5.1.3 LIGHT DETECTORS 9

5.2 OPTICAL MODULE & VCSEL 9

5.3 CONTROLLER CHIP 11

Chapter 6 LIGHT PEAK ARCHITECTURE 13

Chapter 7 SAMPLE PC SYSTEM DIAGRAM 15

Chapter 8 BANDWIDTH COMPARISON GRAPH 16

Chapter 9 BRINGING OPTICAL TO

MAINSTREAM 17

Chapter 10 ADVANTAGES 18

Chapter 11 DEVELOPMENT STATUS 19

Chapter 12 CONCLUSION 20

REFERENCE 21

1. Introduction

2. Today’s Challenges

3. Light Peak Technology: Features

4. Light Peak V/S USB 3.0

5. Components Review

6. Light Peak Architecture

7. Sample PC System Diagram

8. Bandwidth Comparison Graph

9. Bringing Optical to Mainstream

10. Advantages

12. Conclusion

11. Development Status

Reference