microwave kinetic inductance detector
-
Upload
sanath-prasad -
Category
Documents
-
view
318 -
download
1
Transcript of microwave kinetic inductance detector
![Page 1: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MICROWAVE KINETIC INDUCTANCE DETECTOR
Sanath prasad13mmt1044
![Page 2: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
Microwave Kinetic Inductance Sensor (MKID) a type of superconducting photon detector.
Developed by scientists at the California Institute of Technology and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in 2003.
They are being developed for high-sensitivity astronomical detection for frequencies ranging from the far-infrared to X-rays.
![Page 3: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Kinetic inductance ???
Due to kinetic energy of charged particles.
Kinetic inductance is observed in high carrier mobility conductors (e.g. superconductors) and at very high frequencies.
Is dominant only in case of thin conducting films.
![Page 4: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Consider cylindrical cross section of volume A and length L.
Consist of charge carriers moving with same velocity v and charge density be ne.
![Page 5: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
i=AneV
V=i/Ane
Kinetic energy =1/2 mv2
So Ek = ½ (m n A L) (i/Ane)2
![Page 6: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
EK= ½{ Lm/Ane2 } i2
LK = KINETIC INDUCTANCE.
Kinetic Inductance is Lot like resistance.
L/A*m/ne2
![Page 7: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How MKID works……
Photons incident on a strip of superconducting material break Cooper pairs and create excess quasiparticles.
LK α 1/density
![Page 8: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The kinetic inductance of the superconducting strip is inversely proportional to the density of Cooper pairs.
Thus the kinetic inductance increases upon photon absorption.
This inductance is combined with a capacitor to form a microwave resonator.
![Page 10: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The resonant frequency changes with the absorption of photons.
Incident photons change the surface impedance of a superconductor through the kinetic inductance effect.
The kinetic inductance effect occurs because energy can be stored in the supercurrent of a superconductor.
![Page 11: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Reversing the direction of the super current requires extracting this stored energy, which yields an extra inductance.
This change can be accurately measured using a thin film superconducting
Resonant circuit, resulting in a measurement of the energy and arrival time of the incident photon for the case of near-IR to X-ray photons, or the total photon flux for lower energy photons
![Page 12: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
•
Is a thin film device
![Page 13: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Large format imaging array at 1thz-3thz
![Page 14: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Has superc0nducting transmission line operating at few giga hz
Capacitivily coupled to the side of the lines are the thin film resonators
![Page 15: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
When x ray comes it gets absorbed in the tantalum
![Page 16: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
•It breaks superconducting pairs
![Page 17: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Produces a large share of quasi particle
![Page 19: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
•This get injected into the resonator
![Page 20: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• The resonator chages its freequency .
• So we can find the presence of that particle
• In other word an effective temp variation in the system
![Page 21: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
BRIEFLY……
![Page 22: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors: Resonators
Superconductors below a critical temperature Tc have electrons divided in two different populations:
The Cooper Pairs, electrons bound together with an energy E=2D3.528*kbTc by the electron-phonon interaction. They act as superconducting carriers.
The Quasi-Particles, single electrons which act as carriers in a normal metal.
![Page 24: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
In this two fluids model the total conductivity of the material is:
= 1(nQP) - j 2(nCP)𝜎 𝜎And the complex surface impedance is
![Page 25: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Temperature vs quasi particle generation
![Page 26: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Film thickness vs kinetic inductance
![Page 27: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ENERGY BAND DIAGRAM
![Page 28: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
MULTIPLEXING MKID
![Page 33: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
MATERIALS AND ENVIORNMENT REQUIERD
![Page 34: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
APPLICATIONS
![Page 35: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Further steps…
• The next steps are• Further optimization of the single pixel (a new mask is already
under test).• Development of KIDs on membranes to check the possibility
of using them on balloon-borne and space missions.
![Page 37: microwave kinetic inductance detector](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062522/587a92451a28ab58288b7379/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
REFERENCES
• Benjamin A. Mazin Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.