Microwave Engineering Design Manual-20080219-A

8/12/2019 Microwave Engineering Design Manual-20080219-A

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Microwave Engineering Design Manual Chapter 1 Basic Knowledge

Document No. Product Name OptiX XXX

Intended Audience Product VersionVxxxRxxx or

x.xx.xx.xxPxx

Compiled byOptical Network

n!ineerin! Dept.Document Version V".#

$icrowa%e n!ineerin! Desi!n $anual

Prepared byXXX Date 200X-XX-XX

Re%iewed by Date

Re%iewed by Date

Appro%ed by Date

&uawei 'ec(nolo!ies Co.) *td.

All Ri!(ts Reser%ed.

2014-08-08 uawei con!idential" #o spreading without per$ission" %age 2 o! 8&


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Microwave Engineering Design Manual Con!identialit' (evel) *nternal

Re%ision &istory

Date Version Description Aut(or

200X-XX-XX +,", e.uired e.uired



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'able o+ Contents

C(apter " ,asic -nowled!e...........................................................................................................1"1 /ssu$ption o! the ield""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""41"2 Methods o! Designing Microwave ela' Circuits"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""4

1"2"1 Method o! Maing a %ro!ile +iew o! the ela' Circuit""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""41"2"2 or$ula !or Calculating the Distance Between tations""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""31"2" or$ula !or Calculating the ree pace (oss"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 31"2"4 Deter$ining the /ntenna eight and the Clearance o! the ela' Circuit"""""""""""""""""""51"2"6 Calculating the eight Di!!erence 7 in pace Diversit'"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""&1"2"3 Calculating the /ntenna /i$uth"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""101"2"5 Calculating the /ntenna Elevation"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""11

1"2"8 elation Curve Between ignal ading and the re.uenc' and ain"""""""""""""""""" """111"2"& electing re.uencies and %olariation Modes !or Circuit ections""""""""""""""""""""""""121"2"10 /llocating Microwave re.uencies"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""11"2"11 /llocating 9ualit' *nde,es in the Circuit Design""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 131"2"12 Method o! Calculating the 9ualit' *nde,es o! a Circuit""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""131"2"1 adiation a!et' tandards o! Microwave /ntennas"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""18

C(apter / Common Data..............................................................................................................."02"1 %ara$eters o! Microwave E.uip$ent""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""1&2"2 Co$$on Microwave /ntenna %ara$eters"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""22" eeder %ara$eters""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""82"4 Co$$on %ara$eters o! Ca:les"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""442"6 %rotection /rea o! (ightning /rresters""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""622"3 Calculation Method and Co$$on Data o! (ightning %rotection ;rounding esistance"""""662"5 Material %roportions"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""3&2"8 u:division o! Microwave re.uenc' Bands in the


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Ob3ecti%e4 =his docu$ent is used as the design guide and $anage$ent re!erence o!general $icrowave pro@ects !or the design personnel and $anage$ent personnel thatare engaged in $icrowave co$$unication pro@ects" =he docu$ent is a si$pli!iedversion developed !or the eas' use in engineering" or the details o! the principles$entioned in this docu$entA re!er to the docu$ents on $icrowave surve' and design"

Application scope4 =his docu$ent is $ainl' applied in s$all capacit' $icrowavetrans$ission pro@ects that are used !or general ;M pro@ects" *t provides thein!or$ation o! general pro@ects"

Version4 =his docu$ent is the initial version" =he version nu$:er is +1"0"

C(apter " ,asic -nowled!e

"." Assumption o+ t(e 5ield

=he situations in the engineering !ield di!!er" /ssu$e that the design personnel haveac.uired the !ollowing in!or$ation o! the !ieldA !or !acilitating the calculation)

=he $icrowave !re.uenc' within the area in design are di!!erent !ro$ the e,isting$icrowave !re.uencies"

=he agree$ent on the location o! the $icrowave site has :een achieved" =he custo$er re.uires that the capacit' o! the $icrowave s'ste$ is s$aller than

the s$all-and-$ediu$ capacit'A that isA 4 M:its or 480 channels"

"./ $et(ods o+ Desi!nin! $icrowa%e Relay Circuits

/!ter an engineering design tas is deter$inedA select several !easi:le route solutions:' re!erring to the $ap with a scale o! 1)60A000 or greater according to there.uire$ents o! the tas" Deter$ine whether the routes $eet the re.uire$entstheoreticall' in the later design" elect the technical solution that co$plies with thedesign .ualit' re.uire$entA has proper engineering .uantit'A and is cost-e!!ective"Modi!' and su:$it the !or$al design solution according to the site surve'" /!ter thesolution is approvedA it is the !inal solution o! the pro@ect" =he !ollowing descri:es thedesign that !ollows the site selection"

"./." $et(od o+ $akin! a Pro+ile View o+ t(e Relay Circuit

tep1 et the plane coordinates o! the $icrowave antennas"

Deter$ine the accurate locations o! the :ase stations or set the accurate planecoordinates o! the $icrowave antennasA :' re!erring to the topographic $ap with ascale o! 1)60A000 or 1)2A6000A or greater" Mar the two points where $icrowaverela' stations will :e :uiltA and connect the two points" /ssu$e that one point is thetrans$it end =A and the other point is the receive point " tarting !ro$ point =A $arthe points :etween points = and :' leaving a space o! 0"2 $ to $ or longerdepending on the actual conditions :etween the points" ecord the altitudesincluding the heights o! :uildings or trees unit) $ o! the points and the distance:etween each point and point = unit) $A including the altitude o! point and the

distance :etween point = and point "2014-08-08 uawei con!idential" #o spreading without per$ission" %age 4 o! 8&


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*n additionA record the !ollowing para$eters o! each point)

1 Map title

2 Map nu$:er

;eographic na$e o! the area

4 Coordinates plane coordinatesA latitude and longitude o! the station

6 Convergence angle :etween the grid north and the true north or the $agneticnorthA including the o!!set direction

3 Contour $ap o! the area o! the stationA $ared with the $agnetic north

tep2 Draw the pro!ile coordinates diagra$ o! the rela' station"

e!er to the !ollowing !or$ula)

d1,d22aK ------ 6"1

?hereA

) /ssu$e a rela' section with the distance :etween stations :eing d d d 1 F d2"Deter$ine a proper value !or the e.uivalent earth radius coe!!icient K o! the pro!ile"=he pro!ile indicates the trans$ission space a:ove the ground" re!ers to thee.uivalent height unit) $ a:ove the ground" *n nor$al trans$ission conditionsA K 4" *! 'ou need to draw the pro!ile when K KM*#A K 2"

?hereA

d1) distance :etween the o:stacle or the re!lection point in !lat areas and point =unit) $

d2) distance :etween the o:stacle or the re!lection point in !lat areas and point unit) $

a) earth radiusA usuall'A a 350 $

K) e.uivalent earth radius coe!!icient" *! 'ou need to draw the pro!ile in nor$altrans$ission conditionsA K 4" *! 'ou need to draw the pro!ile in the worst$eteorological trans$ission conditionsA K 2"

#ote)

%roper distance :etween ad@acent points) ?hen the slope gradient changes withina:out G10 $A 'ou can e,tend the distance :etween two ad@acent points" *n this caseA

the ne,t point is usuall' at where the gradient propert' F- changes" ?hen thegradient changes rapidl'A the distance :etween ad@acent points is a:out 0"2 $"?hen the gradient changes slowl'A the distance :etween ad@acent points is a:out $ or longer" =hose records are the original records o! the rela' sections" Hou candraw the pro!ile diagra$ o! the rela' section according to the records" *n this wa'A 'oucan draw the pro!ile diagra$s o! all the sections involved in the pro@ect"

=he altitude o! point = o! the rela' section is the altitude o! the tower o! the $icrowavestation or the :uilding where the tower is located" /ccording to the recordsA deter$inethe top o! the tower as the highest point in the pro!ile diagra$ and the lowest point inthe records as the lowest point in the pro!ile diagra$" *n this wa'A all the data in thepro!ile can :e shown in the diagra$"



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"././ 5ormula +or Calculatin! t(e Distance ,etween 6tations

/ssu$e that the trans$it and receive ends o! a rela' section are stations = and respectivel'"

=he distance :etween station = and station is ( $"

Case 1) ?hen the coordinates o! station = and station in the plane rectangularcoordinates s'ste$ unit) $ o! a 1)60A000 topographic $ap are = IH=A X=J and IXA HJA the calculation !or$ula is as !ollows)

(=-$ IH- H=2F X- X=2J12---------- 6"2

Case 2) ?hen the coordinates o! station = and station in the latitude andlongitude coordinates s'ste$ unit) degree o! a 1)60A000 topographic $ap are= IH=A X=J and IXA HJA the calculation !or$ula is as !ollows)

(=-$ IC>-1IC>H-H=J , C>X- X=J , 350 , L180 ---------- 6"

?hereA

H= and X=) a:scissa and ordinate o! point = in the plane rectangular coordinatess'ste$

H=and X=) longitude and latitude o! point = in the latitude and longitude coordinatess'ste$

"./.1 5ormula +or Calculatin! t(e 5ree 6pace *oss

#ote) =he !ollowing calculation is :ased on the plane rectangular coordinates s'ste$"

=he !or$ula !or calculating the !ree space loss in point-to-point trans$ission is as!ollows)

(= 20lg4L(N ---------- 6"4

?hereA

(=) !ree space !ading :etween two line-o!-sight points = and unit) dB

() distance :etween points = and unit) $

N) wavelength o! the electro$agnetic wave unit) $" =he corresponding !re.uenc' isin e,pressed in "

=he preceding !or$ula is usuall' e,pressed in the !ollowing !or$)

(= 2"6 F 20lg!MF 20lg($

&2"6 F 20lg!;F 20lg($---------- 6"6

?hereA

!MA !;) !re.uenc' unit) M and ;

() distance :etween stations unit) $



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"./. Determinin! t(e Antenna &ei!(t and t(e Clearance o+ t(e Relay Circuit

I. Calculatin! t(e Clearance o+ t(e Relay Circuit in 7ndulated Areas or 8ater6ystem Areas

Calculating the clearance o! the rela' circuit

/ssu$e the heights o! the trans$it and receive antennas are h=and h respectivel'Aaccording to the develop$ent and planning conditions o! the local area"

=he !or$ula !or calculating the clearance is as !ollows)

Ih=,d2F h,d1dJ - hs- d1,d22a ---------- 6"3

?hereA

) propagation clearance o! the centerline o! the ra' :etween the trans$it and

receive points a:ove the o:stacle in the pro!ile unit) $h=) altitude o! the center o! the trans$it antenna = in the pro!ile unit) $

h) altitude o! the center o! the receive antenna in the pro!ile unit) $

d1) horiontal distance :etween the trans$it antenna = to the o:stacle in the pro!ileunit) $

d2) horiontal distance :etween the receive antenna to the o:stacle in the pro!ileunit) $

d) d d1Fd2

a) e.uivalent earth radius unit) $

K) e.uivalent earth radius coe!!icient" *n nor$al trans$ission conditionsA K 4"

hs) altitude o! the top o! the o:stacle in the pro!ile" *n additionA add $ growth $argino! the :ushes to the altitude o! the area that has no trees" /dd a proper growth $argino! the trees to the altitude o! the area that has treesA according to the date when thepro!ile diagra$ is co$plete"

#ote)

=he o:stacle point in the pro!ile is the highest point where the trans$issionclearance o! the circuit is the s$allest and that is located :e'ond the point that is15"1D2N to the antenna $outh o! the antenna" Be!ore the antenna height isdeter$inedA 'ou can select the o:stacle point in the near !ield o! the antenna"

hs) altitude o! the o:stacle point unit) $

D) dia$eter o! the antenna unit) $

N) operating wavelength that corresponds to the center !re.uenc' o! the $icrowavechannel unit) $



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'able "." Clearance standards

- Value

Re9uiremento+ Clearance

Obstacle 'ype

-$IN :1 Description

Kni!e edge O 0 O 0 K) e.uivalentearth radiuscoe!!icient

KM*#) K valuethatcorresponds to0"1P

0) !ree spaceclearance

lat ground and others O 0"600 3$ - 612 Q Q 03$ - 112

#ote)

$ 1A 2

$ re!ers to the inter!erence lo:e nu$:er" ?hen K KM*#A $ should tae the s$allestvalue" %revent the $icrowave e.uip$ent !ro$ woring at a high-power lo:e when K 4"

0 112Nd1d2d12 Nd1d2d12 1121

*n the !or$ulaA 1re!ers to the !irst resnel one radius o! the rela' circuit"

=he inter!erence lo:e indicates that during the $icrowave trans$issionA theelectro$agnetic wave is re!lected :' the ground sur!ace o! the irregularities in theat$osphere" =he ( changes periodicall' when the antenna height is increased"


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when the K value changes !ro$ KM*#to 4" =his can reduce the ground re!lection andsta:ilie the ("

?hen the distance :etween stations is onl' a !ew ilo$etersA 'ou $a' not do thepreceding calculation" Hou onl' need to consider enough clearance to $eet thedesign re.uire$ents" =he $ethod !or calculating the re!lection point is as !ollows"

e!er to the !ollowing !or$ulas and igure 1"1"

C h=- hh=F h assu$e) h=S h --------- 6"5

M d24ah=F h ---------------------------------- 6"8

?hereA

C and $) $iddle para$eters

h=and h) altitudes o! the trans$it and receive antennas unit) $

>:tain para$eter : inigure 1"1:ased on para$eters c and $"

Hou can calculate d1and d2:' using the !ollowing !or$ulas)

d1 d 1 F :2 -------------------- 6"&

d2 d - d1------------------------ 6"10

0 0"1 0" 0"4 0"6 0"3 0"5 0"8 0"& 1"0 %ara$eter $

0"1

0"2

0"

0"4

0"6

0"30"5

0"8

0"&

1"0

%ara$eter :

0"2

0"& 0"80"5

0"30"6

0"4

0"

0"2

0"1

%ara$eter c

:

5i!ure "." Diagra$ !or calculating the para$eters o! a re!lection point

?hen the re!lection points are at the points where K KM*#and K 4A the assu$edantenna heights co$pl' with the clearance standards" =he antenna heights are there.uired antenna heights"

*! the assu$ed antenna heights $eet onl' the condition that K K M*#A 'ou need to usespace diversit' to overco$e the insta:ilit' o! the rela' circuit caused :' groundre!lection" =he !ollowing section descri:es the $ethod o! calculating the heightdi!!erence :etween the antennas that appl' space diversit'"

2014-08-08 uawei con!idential" #o spreading without per$ission" %age & o! 8&


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"./.; Calculatin! t(e &ei!(t Di++erence


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"./.> Calculatin! t(e Antenna A?imut(

/ssu$e that the true north ai$uth o! station = relative to station is =="1 Case 1)

?hen the coordinates o! station = and station in the plane rectangular coordinatess'ste$ unit) $ o! a 1)60A000 topographic $ap are = IH=A X=J and IHA XJ X)north-south ordinateY H) east-west a:scissaA the calculation !or$ula is as !ollows)

= tg-1IZX=- XZZH=- HZJ --------------- 6"12

/ccording to the result o! !or$ula 14A tae point = as the center o! a unit circle"Modi!' the result o! the previous !or$ula according to the .uadrant position o! the ra'in the plane rectangular coordinates s'ste$" Calculate the angle :etween the gridnorth and the true north o! point =" =he result is the true north ai$uth ="

[= tg-1IZX- X=ZZH- H=ZJ --------------- 6"1

(iewiseA 'ou can calculate the true north ai$uth =:' taing point B as thecenter o! a unit circle"

2 Case 2)

?hen the coordinates o! station = and station in the latitude and longitudecoordinates s'ste$ unit) degree o! a 1)60A000 topographic $ap are = IH=A X=J and IHA XJA the calculation !or$ula is as !ollows)

= tg-1IZX=- X , 350000ZZH=- H , 350000ZJ ------- 6"14

/ccording to the result o! !or$ula 13A tae point / as the center o! a unit circle"Modi!' the result o! the previous !or$ula according to the .uadrant position o! the ra'in the plane rectangular coordinates s'ste$" =he result is the true north ai$uth ="

= tg-1IZX- X= , 350000ZZH- H= , 350000ZJ ------- 6"16

/ccording to the result o! !or$ula 6"16A tae point as the center o! a unit circle"Modi!' the result o! the previous !or$ula according to the .uadrant position o! the ra'in the plane rectangular coordinates s'ste$" =he result is the true north ai$uth ="

"./.2 Calculatin! t(e Antenna le%ation

\= Ih- h=d - d2aJ , 65"0---------- 6"13

\= Ih=- hd - d2aJ , 65"0---------- 6"15

?hereA\=) elevation o! the antenna center at station relative to the antenna center atstation = unit) degree

\=) elevation o! the antenna center at station = relative to the antenna center atstation unit) degree

=he $eanings o! the s'$:ols in the !or$ula are the sa$e as those in the previous!or$ulas"

#ote) =he elevation o! the antenna considers the horiontal line e,tending !ro$ theantenna as the re!erence line" =he angle :etween the horiontal line and the upperdirection line is the elevation angle and is e,pressed in F" =he angle :etween the



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horiontal line and the lower direction line is the depression angle and is e,pressed in-"

"./.@ Relation Cur%e ,etween 6i!nal 5adin! and t(e 5re9uency and Rain

=he !ollowing curve diagra$ is o:tained !ro$ concerned statistics docu$ents"

?hen the operating !re.uenc' is !i,edA heavier rain!all can cause severer !ading"?hen !ading is severeA severe :it errors occur on the circuit and the circuit isinterrupted"

?hen 'ou deter$ine the operating !re.uenc' o! a $icrowave rela' circuitA considerthe e!!ects o! the local rain!all and allow enough anti-!ading $argin !or the circuit toensure the ( is higher than the threshold level even when rain !ading occurs on thecircuit"

/ccording to the e,perienceA a!ter 'ou learn the $a,i$u$ rain intensit' and raindistri:ution at the local placeA 'ou need to chec the values according to the actualdistance :etween stations" Ensure that the rain attenuation does not reduce thetrans$ission $argin o! the circuit to 26 dB and lower"

2"6 "56 6 3 5"6 10 12 16 20 24 0 400"0010"002

0"0060"010"02

0"060"10"20"6

12

61020

100

re.uenc' ;

5i!ure "." ain attenuation-!re.uenc' curve

"./.0 6electin! 5re9uencies and Polari?ation $odes +or Circuit 6ections

re.uenc' selection is :ased on the nu$:er o! trans$ission channelsAco$$unication networ planningA current situations o! e,isting co$$unication linesAand local conditions"


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/ppl' di!!erent polariation $odes !or ad@acent channels on the sa$e lin "

/ppl' the sa$e polariation $ode !or the trans$it end and receive end o! the sa$e

station in a rela' section"/ppl' alternate polariation section :' section" =his can reduce the !ront-to-:acinter!erence o! the antenna"

/ppl' alternate polariation ever' other section" =his can reduce over-reachinter!erence"

#ote) ?hen the signal route is de!lected !ro$ the $ain direction o! the antennaA thepolariation decoupling ratio o! the antenna is greatl' reduced" ?hen it rains or !adingoccursA the polariation decoupling capa:ilit' o! the s'ste$ is reduced"

"./."# Allocatin! $icrowa%e 5re9uencies

=he allocation o! $icrowave !re.uencies co$plies with *=


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Operatin!

5re9uencyB&?

Occupied5re9uency

,and$&?

Capacity

$bit:s

Center5re9uency

+#o+ t(e

5re9uency,and$&?

Numbero+

Operatin!C(annels

Center5re9uencies +n

and +no+ t(e nt(C(annel

6e9uenceNumber n

o+ t(eC(annel

4

400 to800 2,4"38

1&"234

6&2"0

3!n !0- 208 F 2&n

!n !0F 6 F 2&n800 to4200 400"6

3

6&26 to3426

2,4"38

1&"2343156 8

!n !0 - 26&"46 F2&"36n

!n !0 - 5"41 F2&"36n

340 to5110 1&"234 3550 8

!n !0- 60 F 40n

!n !0- 6 F 40n

5

5126 to5426 8"448

2,8"448

4"38

525620

10

6

!n !0- 164 F 5n

!n !0F 5 F 5n

n 1A 2A ARA 20

n 1A A 6ARA 1&

n 1A 6A &ARA 15

5426 to5526 5656

8

5526 to8256

4"38

2,4"388000 8

!n !0 - 281"&6 F2&"36n

!n !0F 2&"5 F2&"36n

8200 to8600

2"048

8"448

2,8"448

4"38

2,4"38

86012

3

!n !0- 161"314 F11"332n

!n !0F 11"332n

n 1A 2A ARA 12

n 1A A 6ARA 11

8600 to8560

8"448

2,8"448832&"6 3

!n !0 - 125"6 F16n

!n !0 F 22"6 F16n



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Operatin!

5re9uencyB&?

Occupied5re9uency

,and$&?

Capacity

$bit:s

Center5re9uency

+#o+ t(e

5re9uency,and$&?

Numbero+

Operatin!C(annels

Center5re9uencies +n

and +no+ t(e nt(C(annel

6e9uenceNumber n

o+ t(eC(annel

11 10500 to11500

8"448

4"38

2,4"38

1&"234

11200 12!n !0- 626 F 40n

!n !0F 6 F 40n

1 12560 to1260

2"048

8"4482,8"448

2,8"448

4"38

2,4"38

12&&313

8

!$ !0 - 253"6 F28n F 5$

!$ !0 - 10"6 F28n F 5$

!n !0- 246 F 14n

!n !0F 21 F 14n

!n !0- 26& F 28n

!n !0F 6 F 28n

n 1 or 2

$ 1A 2AA 4

n 1A 2A ARA 13

n 1A 2A ARA 8

16 14600 to1660

] 10

2,8"448

4"38

11501!r0

16

!$ !r - 2538"6 F28n F 5$

!$ !r- 308"6 F28 # - n F 5$

!n !r - 2800 F14n

!n !rF 340 - 14# - n ! n !r -2583 F 28n

!n !rF 323 - 28# - n

n 1A or16n 16

# 16$ 1A 2AA 4

n 1A 2A ARA ##Q0

n 1A 2A ARA ##Q16

18 15500 to1&500

1&"234

2,8"448

4"38

8"448

2,2"048

2"048

185008

6

!n !0 - 1000 F

110n!n !0F 10 - 110n

!n !0 - 1000 F25"6n

!n !0 F 1 0 F25"6n

n 1A 2A ARA 8

n 1A 2A ARA 6



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"./."" Allocatin! Euality Indexes in t(e Circuit Desi!n

*=


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!) operating !re.uenc' o! the rela' circuit unit) ;

B and C) constant !actors related to cli$ateA seasonsA and geograph'

d) distance :etween stations on the rela' circuit unit) $

'able "." %ara$eters !or calculating the outage pro:a:ilit' o! a rela' circuit

'errain 'ype$ountainous

Area&illy Area Coastal:5lat Area

6wamp:*akes:6ea

%ro!ile t'pe / B C D

K9 1"052,10^2 2"56,10^ 2"88,10^ 2"3,10^4

B 1 1 1 1

C 1" 1"8 2"2 "2

e$ars =he statistics in this ta:le are o:tained !ro$ a lot o! $icrowave propagation tests:' concerned institutes o! China"

Calculate the !ading $argin when no !ading occurs on a rela' circuit"

7MBE10-3 %- %BE10-3-------------------- 1-22

7MBE10- %- %BE10--------------------- 1-2

?hereA

7MBE10-3) di!!erence :etween the !ree space ( K 4 and the threshold level

when the BE is 10

^3

7MBE10-) di!!erence :etween the !ree space ( K 4 and the threshold levelwhen the BE is 10^

%) ( o! the rela' section unit) dB$

%BE10-3) threshold level o! the rela' section when the BE is 10^3unit) dB$

%BE10-) threshold level o! the rela' section when the BE is 10^unit) dB$

4 Calculate the outage pro:a:ilit' when !ading occurs on the rela' circuit"

_BE10-3 K9!Bdc10^7MBE10-310 _010^7MBE10-310-------------------- 1-24

_BE10- K9!Bdc10^7MBE10-10 _010^7MBE10-10-------------------- 1-26

?hereA

_BE10-3) outage pro:a:ilit' that corresponds to the threshold level o! the rela' sectionwhen the BE is 10^3

_BE10-) outage pro:a:ilit' that corresponds to the threshold level o! the rela' sectionwhen the BE is 10^

10^7MBE10-310) antilogarith$ !ading $argin that corresponds to the threshold level o!the rela' section when the BE is 10^3

10^7MBE10-10) antilogarith$ !ading $argin that corresponds to the threshold level o!the rela' section when the BE is 10^



18/89


6 Calculate the outage pro:a:ilit' o! the rela' circuit when other !actors areconsidered"

_`BE10-3 _010^7MBE10-3-10-------------------- 1-23

_`BE10- _010^7MBE10--10-------------------- 1-25

?hereA

^7MBE10-3-10is ^7MBE10-3- 10"

%) outage pro:a:ilit' o! the rela' circuit when other !actors are considered

3 Conclusion

e!er to the circuit .ualit' standards"

*! % is not $ore than 1"6(1260 BE 10^3 and 0"04(1260 BE 10^A the circuit$eets the .ualit' re.uire$ents"

"./."1 Radiation 6a+ety 6tandards o+ $icrowa%e Antennas

I. Radiation 6a+ety 6tandards

adiation standards di!!er in di!!erent countries and regions" *n ChinaA theRegulations for Electromagnetic Radiation Protection is used as the radiationstandardsA that isA the average !ield .uantit' o! the electro$agnetic radiation !ield inpu:lic environ$ent in an' consecutive si, $inutes within 24 hours should co$pl' withthe re.uire$ents listed in the !ollowing ta:le"

5re9uency Ran!e $&?

0 to 000 000 to 16000lectric 5ield 6tren!t( V:m 12 0"22!12

$a!netic 5ield 6tren!t( A:m 0"02 0"001!12

Power Density 8:m/ 0"4 !5600

6peci+ic Absorption Rate w:k! 0"02

) not li$ited and !or re!erence onl'

!) !re.uenc' unit) M

II. Calculatin! t(e Power Density o+ $icrowa%e Circuits

Calculate the power densit' %/at a rando$ point point / near the pro!ile o! the$icrowave rela' section" =he power densit' o! the pro!ile with a radius !ro$ point / tothe center o! the $icrowave antenna within the headroo$ o! the near !ield o! theantenna the area with a distance o! 15"1D2N !ro$ the antenna is not greater thanthe corresponding average power densit' !5600 ?$2 and the speci!ic a:sorptionrate is 0"02 wg" =he electro$agnetic radiation co$plies with the standards"



19/89


C(apter / Common Data

/." Parameters o+ $icrowa%e 9uipment

=he data provided in this section is e,tracted !ro$ the docu$ents provided :' thecorresponding co$panies and can :e used as the re!erence o! trial calculation" orthe data that is re.uired !or the engineering design in an actual pro@ectA re.uest thesuppliers to provide the !or$al docu$ents"

I. ricsson Products

Ericsson has the largest $icrowave product line and supplies a series o! $icrowaveproducts o! various capacities" =he !ollowing ta:le lists the products that are widel'used"

No.

Operatin!5re9uency

C(aracFteristics

2." B&? to 2.2B&?

2.2 B&? to @.;B&?

"; B&? "@ B&?

1 Model M*#*-(*#K5-E M*#*-(*#K8-E M*#*-(*#K16-E M*#*-(*#K18-E

2tandardco$pliance o!!re.uenc'setting

*=utputi$pedance 120 oh$s :alanced or 56 oh$s un:alanced

&

Ca:le !or connecting the*D< and the>D=/ C*=

22 ault locating/uto$atic diagnosisA (ED displa'

/lar$s *DD


22/89


No.

Operatin!5re9uency

C(aracFteristics

2.""# B&? to 2.2/;

B&?

2.2/; B&? to @./2;

B&?

@./2; B&? to @.2;#

B&?

2

tandardco$pliance o!!re.uenc'setting

*=


23/89


No.

Operatin!5re9uency

C(aracFteristics

2.""# B&? to 2.2/;

B&?

2.2/; B&? to @./2;

B&?

@./2; B&? to @.2;#

B&?

1=hreshold signallevel o! thereceiver

BE 10^)

4,2 M:its) ^8&"6 dB$

8,2 M:its) ^8&"6 dB$

13,2 M:its) ^8"6 dB$

4 M F 2,2 M:its) ^8 dB$

BE 10^3)

4,2 M:its) ^85"6 dB$8,2 M:its) ^84"6 dB$

13,2 M:its) ^81"6 dB$

4 M F 2,2 M:its) ^81 dB$

14 ervice channeloptional

Digital service channel) !ourA including one + channel with D=M andone data channel

Data inter!ace) -22 +24 or -42 +10

16 /$:ientte$perature

13 elativehu$idit'

*ndoor) &6P

>utdoor) 100P without condensation

15 /pplica:leheight 6000 $

18 Mechanicalcharacteristics

/ntenna connection) ?-112 waveguideA C%-112; !lange

* ca:le connector) t'pe-#A !e$ale

Ca:inet)

*DD


24/89


No.

Operatin!5re9uency

C(aracFteristics

2.""# B&? to 2.2/;

B&?

2.2/; B&? to @./2;

B&?

@./2; B&? to @.2;#

B&?

21 Man-$achineinter!ace %orta:le M*C>=/ C*=

22 ault locating/uto$atic diagnosisA (ED displa'

/lar$ *DD


25/89


No.

Operatin!5re9uency

C(aracteristics

"/)2;# $&?to "1)/;#

$&?

")## $&?to ";)12#

$&?

"2)2## $&?to "0)2##

$&?

/")/## $&?to /1)>##

$&?

2 tandard co$plianceo! !re.uenc' setting

1 ;) *=


26/89


No.

Operatin!5re9uency

C(aracteristics

"/)2;# $&?to "1)/;#

$&?

")## $&?to ";)12#

$&?

"2)2## $&?to "0)2##

$&?

/")/## $&?to /1)>##

$&?

1 =hreshold signal levelo! the receiver

BE 10^)

2,2"048 M:its) ^84 dB$

4,2"048 M:its) ^82 dB$

8,2"048 M:its) ^80 dB$

13,2"048 M:its) ^58 dB$

BE 10^3)

2,2"048 M:its) ^82 dB$

4,2"048 M:its) ^80 dB$

8,2"048 M:its) ^58 dB$

13,2"048 M:its) ^53 dB$

14 ervice channeloptional >rderwire) with D=M signaling

16 /$:ient te$perature

*ndoor)

0bC to F60bC

>perating te$perature)

^10bC to F66bC

>utdoor)

^bC to F66bC

>perating te$perature) ^40bC to F66bC

13 elative hu$idit'*ndoor) &6P

>utdoor) 100P without condensation

15 /pplica:le height 6000 $

18 Mechanicalcharacteristics

/ntenna connection) ?-112 waveguideA C%-112; !lange* ca:le connector) t'pe-#A !e$ale

Ca:inet)

*DD


27/89


No.

Operatin!5re9uency

C(aracteristics

"/)2;# $&?to "1)/;#

$&?

")## $&?to ";)12#

$&?

"2)2## $&?to "0)2##

$&?

/")/## $&?to /1)>##

$&?

1& ?eight*D


28/89


No.

Operatin!5re9uency

Per+ormanceParameter

2."/; B&? to @.;

B&?

"/.2; B&? to

"1./; B&?

"./; B&? to

";.1; B&?

8 BE without !adingQ 10^11without EC

Q 10^1with EC

& Data inter!erence Co$pliant with *=rderwire phone) DB&

Data) 0 :its to &300 :itsA -22A -42242A DB&

#M) user-de!ined :it rateA DB&



29/89


No.

Operatin!5re9uency

Per+ormanceParameter

2."/; B&? to @.;

B&?

"/.2; B&? to

"1./; B&?

"./; B&? to

";.1; B&?

18 /$:ient te$perature*DDutput power)tandard

igh

F15 dB$

F22 dB$

4 re.uenc' sta:ilit' G0"0006P

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No.

Operatin!5re9uency

C(aracFteristics

"2.2 B&? to

"0.2 B&?

/"." B&? to

/1.> B&?

/.; B&? to

/>.; B&?

12.# B&? to

10.; B&?

6 =hreshold signal levelo! the receiver

1,E1) ^88 dB$ ^8& dB$ ^88 dB$ ^& dB$

2,E1) ^86 dB$ ^83 dB$ ^86 dB$ ^&0 dB$

4,E1) ^82 dB$ ^8 dB$ ^82 dB$ ^85 dB$

8,E1) ^5& dB$ ^55 dB$ ^5& dB$ ^81 dB$

13,E1) ^53 dB$ ^54 dB$ ^53 dB$ ^58 dB$

2 pread spectru$ $icrowave series$odel Ar*ink " Ar*ink/G " Ar*inkG "

E.uip$entinde,

re.uenc'arrange$ent

2"4 ; 6"5; 2"4 ;6"5;

2"4;

6"5;

#u$:er o!channels 4 3 2 2 2 2

>ccupied:andwidth 40 M

40M 80 M

80M

80M

80M

=rans$itter

tandardpower F8 dB$

F20dB$

F20dB$

F16dB$

F20dB$

F16dB$

>ptionalpower

F25dB$

/d@ust$entrange 10 dB

10dB 10 dB

10dB 10 dB 10 dB

=rans$it * 200 M

eceiver

Ma,i$u$receivedpower

^0dB$

^0dB$ 0 dB$

^0dB$

0dB$

^0dB$

itless 0 dB$

BE 10^3threshold

^&1dB$

^8&dB$

^84dB$

^82dB$

^81dB$

^5&dB$

eceive * 480 M

Co$$oninde, Data rate E1 2,E1

,E1or4,E1

*nter!ace +"6 63-538:psAE1;"50E1 ;"50 E1;"50E1

Modulation sche$e E1D>BK63-538 KDB%K 139/M 139/M



31/89


$odel Ar*ink " Ar*ink/G " Ar*inkG "

pread spectru$ $ethod Direct se.uence spread spectru$

#u$:er o! spreading codes 2 13 13

;ain S 10 dB

?idth , depth , height 40 $$ , 460 $$ , 0 $$

?eight 2"5 g "3 g "3 g

Controland alar$indication

*ntelligent spread spectru$$icrowave Controlled :' so!tware#M

(ED indicator %owerA s'nchroniationA trans$ittingreceivingA alar$

(ED displa' (in status o! original para$eters

#M s'ste$ Ele$ent $anage$ent

%owersuppl'inde,

/C &0 + to 230 + /CA 6030

DC 20 + to 63 + DC

%ower consu$ption 66 ? to 86 ?

?eight "3 g

Mode$and unit

* ca:le Ma,i$u$ length) 160 $

torage te$perature ^40bC to 30bC

/ltitude 4300 $

u$idit' 0P to &6P without condensation

unit=e$perature ^40bC to 30bC

ainproo! level 100 $$hA 4 inchh



32/89


/./ Common $icrowa%e Antenna Parameters

I. $icrowa%e Antennas o+ C(ina lectronic Industry $inistry No.10 Researc(Institute

$odelOperatin!5re9uency

B&?

AntennaDiameter

m

Baind,i

,eam8idt(

H

XPDd,

5rontFtoF,ack Ratio"@#H;H

$aximumV68Rd,

Polari?ationDecouplin!

Ratio

inglepolariation

M10-51D 5"126 to5"526 1"0 6"21 2"82 0 43 1"08

M10-51D 5"126 to5"526 1"2 3"5& 2"6 0 48 1"08

M10-51D 5"126 to5"526 1"8 40"1 1"63 0 62 1"05

M10-51D 5"126 to5"526 2"0 41"2 1"41 0 6 1"05

M10-51D 5"126 to5"526 "2 46"40 0"88 0 65 1"03

Dual polariation

M18-51 5"126 to5"526 1"8 40"11 1"63 0 62 1"08 40

M20-51 5"126 to5"526 2"0 41"12 1"41 0 6 1"08 40

M2-51 5"126 to5"526 "2 46"20 0"88 0 65 1"05 40

igh-per!or$ancesingle polariation

M;20-51D 5"126 to

5"526

2 41"2 1"41 0 34 1"05

M;2-51D 5"126 to5"526 "2 46"0 0"88 0 38 1"03

igh-per!or$ancedual polariation

M;20-51 5"126 to5"526 2 41"0 1"41 0 34 1"08 40

M;2-51 5"126 to5"526 "2 46"10 0"88 0 38 1"05 40



33/89



B&?

AntennaDiameter

m

Baind,i

,eam8idt(

H

XPDd,


$aximumV68Rd,


Ratio

igh-per!or$ancedual polariationwith rado$es

M;20-51 5"126 to5"526 1"8 40"4 1"6 0 26 1"05 40

M;2-51 5"126 to5"526 "0 44"8 0"& 0 0 1"03 40

inglepolariation

M10-51D 8"200 to8"560 1"0 3"40 2"48 0 48 1"08

M10-51D 8"200 to8"560 1"2 5"&8 2"05 0 61 1"08

M10-51D 8"200 to8"560 1"8 41"60 1"8 0 62 1"05

M10-51D 8"200 to8"560 2"0 42"41 1"24 0 6 1"05

M10-51D 8"200 to8"560 "2 43"60 0"58 0 6& 1"03

Dual polariation

M18-51 8"200 to8"560 1"8 40"0 1"8 0 62 1"08 40

M20-51 8"200 to8"560 2"0 42"21 1"24 0 6 1"08 40

M2-51 8"200 to8"560 "2 43"0 0"58 0 6& 1"05 40


M;20-82D 8"200 to8"600 2 42"26 1"23 0 36 1"05

M;2-82D 8"200 to8"600 "2 43"0 0"5& 0 3& 1"03


M;20-82 8"200 to8"600 2 42"06 1"23 0 36 1"08 40

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B&?

AntennaDiameter

m

Baind,i

,eam8idt(

H

XPDd,


$aximumV68Rd,


Ratio

M;2-82 8"200 to8"600 "2 43"10 0"5& 0 3& 1"05 40

inglepolariation

M10-115D 11"50 to12"60 1"0 &"64 1"5 0 60 1"08

M12-115D 11"50 to12"60 1"2 41"12 1"44 0 6 1"08

M18-115D

11"50 to

12"60 1"8 44"34 0"&3 0 63 1"08

M20-115D 11"50 to12"60 2"0 46"63 0"85 0 65 1"05

M2-115D 11"50 to12"60 "2 4&"34 0"64 0 31 1"05

Dual polariation

M18-115 11"50 to12"60 1"8 40"0 0"&3 0 63 1"08 40

M20-115 11"50 to

12"602"0 42"21 0"85 0 65 1"08 40

M2-115 11"50 to12"60 "2 43"0 0"64 0 31 1"05 40


M;20-115D 11"50 to12"60 2 46"45 0"85 0 35 1"05

M;2-115D 11"50 to12"60 "2 4&"64 0"64 0 50 1"05


M;20-82 11"50 to12"60 2 46"25 0"85 0 35 1"08 40

M;2-82 11"50 to12"60 "2 4&"4 0"64 0 50 1"08 40

#ote) =he antennas with !re.uencies higher than those listed in the preceding ta:leare seldo$ applied in China and are o!ten used in research" =he antennas withhigher !re.uencies in application are $anu!actured :' the vendors !ro$ othercountries"



35/89


II. Andrew Antennas

$odel Operatin!5re9uencyB&?

AntennaDiameterm:+t

Baind,i

,eam8idt(H


XPDd,

$aximum

V68RRe+lection*oss d,

Ad3ustable An!le&ori?ontal:Vertical

%X4-36 3"426 to5"126 1"24 6"& 2"5 68 0 1"08 28"

%X3-36 3"426 to5"126 1"83 &"6 1"5 34 0 1"05 2&"4

%X8-36 3"426 to5"126 2"48 42"0 1" 33 4 1"03 0"5

%4-36

3"426 to

5"126 1"24 3"0 2"5 68 0 1"08 28"

%3-36 3"426 to5"126 1"83 &"6 1"5 34 0 1"03 0"5

%8-36 3"426 to5"126 2"48 42" 1" 33 0 1"03 0"5

%/X3-36 3"426 to5"126 1"83 8"4 1"8 6& 0 1"08 28"

%/X8-36 3"426 to5"126 2"48 41"2 1" 30 0 1"08 28"

%/X3-36 3"426 to5"126 "010 4"3 1"1 30 0 1"03 0"5

ingle-polaried standard antenna 3"426 ; to 5"126 ;='pes o! the antenna connector) C%15;A %D50A and


36/89



B&?

AntennaDiameter

m:+t

Baind,i

,eam8idt(

H

5rontFtoF,ack Ratio

"@#H;H

XPDd,

$aximumV68R

Re+lection

*oss d,


+%2-555"56 to 8"6

?112840"32

0"4to1"1

4"3 64 0 1"16 2"1 G16bG60b

+%4-555"56 to 8"6

?112841"24

3"5to5"6

2"2 32 2 1"16 2"1 G16bG20b

+%3-555"56 to 8"6

?112841"83

40"3to40"8

1"6 34 2 1"16 2"1 G6bG6b

+%X2-555"56 to 8"6

?112840"32

2&"8to0"4

4"3 6 0 1"0 15"5 G16bG60b

+%X4-555"56 to 8"6

?112841"24

3"3to5"4

2"2 30 2 1"16 2"1 G16bG20b

+%X3-555"56 to 8"6

?112841"83

40"6to40"5

1"6 34 2 1"16 2"1 G6bG6b

+%4-115

11"5-12"2

?56120 1"24

40"&

to41"1 1"5 30 2 1"20 20"8 G16bG20b

+%1-1012"5-1"26

?561200"1

2&"0to2&"4

6"0 63 0 1"20 20"8 G16bG60b

+%2-1012"5-1"26

?561200"32

6"1to6"6

2"8 31 2 1"20 20"8 G16bG20b

+%4-1012"5-1"26

?561201"24

41"2to41"3

1" 35 2 1"20 20"8 G16bG20b

+%3-1012"5-1"26

?5612031"8

44"8to46"1

0"& 50 2 1"20 20"8 G6bG6b

+%1-14214"26-16"6

?321400"1

0"80to1"4

4"6 60 0 1"20 20"8 G16bG60b

+%2-14214"26-16"6

?321400"32

3"2to3"8

2"4 32 2 1"20 20"8 G16bG60b



37/89



B&?

AntennaDiameter

m:+t

Baind,i

,eam8idt(

H

5rontFtoF,ack Ratio

"@#H;H

XPDd,

$aximumV68R

Re+lection

*oss d,


+%4-14214"26-16"6

?321401"24

42"2to42"8

1"2 38 2 1"20 20"8 G16bG20b

+%3-14214"26-16"6

?3214031"8

46"5to43"

0"8 51 2 1"2020"8b G6bG6b



38/89


/.1 5eeder Parameters

=he $icrowave e.uip$ent over 10 ; is co$$onl' used in engineering" =his t'peo! $icrowave e.uip$ent integrates antennasA high-!re.uenc' devicesA $ultiple,ersAand other devices" *n this caseA !eeders are not used" (ow-!re.uenc' $icrowavee.uip$ent need large-sie antennas and high-!re.uenc' devices :ecause thewavelength is long" =here!oreA low-!re.uenc' $icrowave e.uip$ent is split-$ounte.uip$ent" /ntennas and high-!re.uenc' devices are installed at di!!erent places" *nthis caseA long !eeders are re.uired" =his section descri:es onl' the !eeder s'ste$and co$$on !i,ing accessories applied to 58 ; $icrowave e.uip$ent"

Elliptical !eeders are si$ple in co$position and !le,i:le in usage and thus are widel'used"

I. Composition o+ lliptical 5eeder 6ystems

/ntenna inter!ace !eeder connecting to the !lange ^ optional) :ent rectangular!eeder or rigid twist waveguide ^ upper sealing section o! the !eeder ^ellipticalrectangular converter ^ elliptical !eeder ^ ellipticalrectangular converter ^lower sealing section o! the !eeder ^ optional) :ent rectangular !eeder or rigid twistwaveguide trans$itreceive inter!ace o! the splitter at the transceiver transceiver

=he length o! the elliptical !eeder depends on the distance :etween the antenna andthe e.uip$ent" =he other co$ponents e,cept the optional co$ponents $ust :econ!igured with the corresponding rein!orcingA sealingA and grounding $aterials" Houcan re.uire the $anu!acturer to provide those $aterials"

1 =he characteristics o! E?%34 and E?34 waveguides are provided as !ollows) Modeligh-.ualit' waveguide E?%34

tandard waveguide E?34

Electrical per!or$ance

Ma,i$u$ !re.uenc' range) 6" ; to 5"56 ; =he connection o! rectangularwaveguides is li$ited in application"

Cut-o!! !re.uenc' !or thee=E11$ode) 4"2 ;

;roup dela' when the cut-o!! !re.uenc' is 5"4 ;) 124 ns100!t or 408 ns100$

ated pea power when the cut-o!! !re.uenc' is 5"4 ;) 105 ? 134 series

connectors30 ? 234 series connectors Mechanical characteristics

Mini$u$ :ending radius) inch $$

Ma,i$u$ twisting angle) degree!t degree$) 1

ie o! the @acet) 1"88 inch , 1"08 inch 45"8 $$ , 25"4 $$

?eight) 0"4& l:!t 0"5 g$

/ttenuatorA average powerA and group velocit'



39/89


5re9uency B&?Attenuation d,:"##+t

d,:"##mRated A%era!e Power

k8Broup Velocity J

3"& 1"62 6"10 4"14 58"05"1 1"4& 4"& 4"21 5&"4

5"6 1"46 4"53 4"4 81"5

5"56 1"4 4"3& 4"41 8"0

#ote) =he attenuation values listed in the preceding ta:le are o:tained when thea$:ient te$perature is 24bC and +? is 1A whereas the rated average powerwithin G6P is :ased on the condition when +? is 1 and the a$:ient te$peratureis 42bC 105"3b"

ie o! !langes

$odel and Pattern * inc(:mm 8 inc(:mm A inc(:mm8ei!(tlb:k!

134DCA 134DC=A

134CA 134CM

the pattern o! the circular!lange with a seal ringo$itted

6"16 "84 "8"4 "61"3

134DEA 134DE=

the pattern o! therectangular !lange with aseal ring o$itted

6"16 "84 "8"4 "61"3

234DEA 234DE=

the pattern o! therectangular !lange with aseal ring o$itted

6"12 "84 "8"1 "41"6

134EMA 134EA 234EA234EM

the pattern o! the

rectangular !lange with aseal ring o$itted

6"14"6 "84 "8"3 "61"3

>rdering in!or$ation o! waveguides

igh-.ualit' !eeders

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5re9uencyB&?

5eeder'ype

5lan!e 'ypeAd3ustableConnector

5ixed'uned

6ealin!8indow

Connector

/FInc( #.>F$eter

Permanent

'wist8a%e!uideV68R ".#>Re+lection

*oss4 1#.2 d,

5"126 to5"56 E?%34-51


41/89



ie o! the @acet) 1"52 inch , 1"00 inch 4"8 $$ , 26"4 $$

?eight) 0"46 l:!t 0"35 g$ /ttenuatorA average powerA and group velocit'


d,:"##mRated A%era!e

Power k8Broup Velocity J

3"& 1"&5 3"43 "0 52"&

3"1 2"3 5"56 2"62 3"

5"6 1"8 3"00 "23 5&"0

8"6 1"50 6"68 "61 8"1

#ote) =he attenuation values listed in the preceding ta:le are o:tained when thea$:ient te$perature is 24bC and +? is 1A whereas the rated average powerwithin G6P is :ased on the condition when +? is 1 and the a$:ient te$peratureis 42bC 105"3b" ie o! !langes

$odel and Pattern * inc(:mm 8 inc(:mm A inc(:mm8ei!(tlb:k!

155DCA 155DC=A 155DC%A155DCMA 155DCM=A 155CA155CM

the pattern o! the circular

!lange with a seal ringo$itted

4"6116 2"53& 2"563&"8 2"81"

155DEA 115DE=A 155DEM=

the pattern o! the rectangular!lange with a seal ringo$itted

4"8122 2"53& 2"563&"8 2"81"

155EA 155EM

the pattern o! the rectangular!lange with a seal ringo$itted

4"6116 2"53& 2"563&"8 2"81"

>rdering *n!or$ation o! ?aveguides

igh-.ualit' !eeders



42/89


5re9uencyB&?

5eeder'ype

5lan!e'ype

Ad3ustableConnector

5ixedF'unedConnector

6ealin!8indow

Connector

/FInc( #.>F$eter

Permanent

'wist8a%e!uideV68R#>

Re+lection*oss4 1#.2

d,

5"126 to5"56

E?%55-51


43/89


*n additionA there are other accessories including rein!orcingA groundingA !oldingAli!tingA waterproo!ingA and sealing co$ponents"

=he characteristics o! E?86 waveguides are provided as !ollows) Model

igh-.ualit' waveguide E?%86

Electrical per!or$ance

Ma,i$u$ !re.uenc' range) 5"5 ; to &"8 ; =he connection o! rectangularwaveguides is li$ited in application"

Cut-o!! !re.uenc' !or thee=E11$ode) 3"43 ;

;roup dela' when the cut-o!! !re.uenc' is &"2 ;) 142 ns100!t or 436 ns100$

ated pea power when the cut-o!! !re.uenc' is &"2 ;) 8"& ?

Mechanical characteristics

Mini$u$ :ending radius) inch $$


ie o! the @acet) 1"2& inch , 0"88 inch 2"8 $$ , 22"4 $$

?eight) 0" l:!t 0"60 g$

/ttenuatorA average powerA and group velocit'


d,:"##mRated A%era!e

Power k8Broup Velocity J

5"5 4"2 14"20 1"15 64"45"& 4"01 1"10 1"23 65"3

8"1 "58 12"40 1"4 30"

8"6 "46 11"1 1"43 36"3

&"8 2"& &"30 15"2 56"3

#ote) =he attenuation values listed in the preceding ta:le are o:tained when thea$:ient te$perature is 24bC and +? is 1A whereas the rated average powerwithin G6P is :ased on the condition when +? is 1 and the a$:ient te$peratureis 42bC 105"3b"

ie o! !langes

$odel andPattern

* inc(:mm 8 inc(:mm A inc(:mm 8ei!(t lb:k!

186BC

the pattern o! therectangular !langewith a seal ringo$itted

4"56121 2"162 "68& 2"00"&



44/89


>rdering *n!or$ation o! ?aveguides

igh-.ualit' !eeders

5re9uencyB&?

5eeder'ype

5lan!e'ype

7nad3ustableConnector

6ealin!8indow

Connector

/FInc( #.>F$eterPermanent 'wist

8a%e!uide V68R".#> Re+lection*oss4 1#.2 d,

8"6 to &"8 E?86


45/89


No. $odel

InnerConductor

Insulation *ayerOuter

ConductorOuter Lacket *en!t(

Cc

I

Number:Diamet

er

Outer

Diameterm

m

$aterial

OuterDiamet

ermm

Pattern

$aximum

Outer

Diameter

mm

Nominal

'(icknessm

m

$inimum

'(icknessm

m

OuterDiameter

mm

Production*en!t(

m

$ini

mumCable*en!t(

$a

r!in

m

1 'v-60-1 50"0& 0"25 %ol'eth'lene 0"85G0"06ingleBraid 1"40 0"2& 0"20 1"&G0"10

60to200

6

2 'v-60-2-1 50"16 0"46 %ol'eth'lene 1"6G0"1 ingleBraid 2"10 0"4 0"0 2"&G0"1060to200

6

'v-60-2-2 10"38 0"38 %ol'eth'lene 2"2G0"1 ingleBraid "10 0"63 0"40 4"0G0"20 100to2006 6

4 'v-60- 10"&0 0"&0 %ol'eth'lene "0G0"16 ingleBraid "86 0"33 0"46 6"0G0"26100to200

6 6

6 'v-60-6-1 11"5 1"5 %ol'eth'lene 4"3G0"20 ingleBraid 6"60 0"&0 0"30 5"0G0"0100to200

6 6



46/89


No. $odel

InnerConductor

Insulation *ayerOuter

ConductorOuter Lacket *en!t(

Cc

I

Number:Diamet

er

Outer

Diameterm

m

$aterial

OuterDiamet

ermm

Pattern

$aximum

Outer

Diameter

mm

Nominal

'(icknessm

m

$inimum

'(icknessm

m

OuterDiameter

mm

Production*en!t(

m

$ini

mumCable*en!t(

$a

r!in

m

3 'v-60-6-2 11"5 1"5 %ol'eth'lene 4"3G0"20 Dou:leBraid 3"20 0"&0 0"30 5"8G0"0100to200

6 6

5 'v-60-5-1 50"53 2"28 %ol'eth'lene 5"G0"26 ingleBraid 8"60 1"0 0"50 10"2G0"060to100

6 6

8 'v-60-5-2 50"53 2"28 %ol'eth'lene 5"G0"26 Dou:leBraid &"0 1"0 0"50 11"2G0"0 60to1006 6



47/89


II. 6tructure and Per+ormance o+ t(e 6KV 6eries 2;Fo(m and "##Fo(m CoaxialR5 Cables

No.

$odel

InnerCondu

ctor

Insulation

*ayer

OuterCondu

ctor

OuterLacket

*en!t(

C(ar

acteristic

Impedance

M

$inimumInsulationResist

ancekM:k

m

$aximumAttenuati

onConstant

d,:m

$aximu

m7sable5re9uency

$&?

Calcu

latin!8ei!(tk!:k

m

Numbe

r:Diameter

OuterDi

ametermm

$a

terial

OuterDi

ametermm

Pa

ttern

$axi

mumOu

terDiameter

mm

Nominal

'(ickness

mm

$inimum

'(ickness

mm

OuterDi

ametermm

Production*en!t(

m

$ini

mumCable

*en!t(

$ar!in

m

1#$&?

/#

#$&?

1###$&?

1

'v-56-2

50"08

0"24

%ol'

eth'lene

1"6G0"10

ing

leBraid

2"10

0"4

0"0

2"&G0"10

60to200

6 56G6104

0"22

0"65&

2"&5

104

16"55



48/89


No.

$

odel

InnerCondu

ctor

Insulation

*ayer

OuterCondu

ctor

OuterLacket

*en!t(

C(aracteristi

cImpedance

M

$inim

umInsulationResistancekM:k

m

$aximumAttenuati

onConstant

d,:m

$aximum7sa

ble5re9uency

$&?

Calculatin!

8ei!(tk!:k

m

Number:Dia

meter

OuterDiamet

ermm

$ateri

al

OuterDiamet

ermm

Patter

n

$axi

mumOuterDiam

eter

mm

Nominal

'(ickn

essmm

$inimum'(ickn

ess

mm

OuterDiamet

ermm

Production*en!t

(m

$ini

mumCable*en!t(

$ar!in

m

1#$&

?

/##$&

?

1###$

&?

2

'v-5

6-

50"15

0"61

%ol'eth'l

ene

"0G0"

16

ingleB

raid

"86

0"33

0"46

6"0G0"

26

60to20

0

6 56G104

0"12

2

0"0

8

1"35

3

104

41"5&



49/89


No.

$

odel

InnerCondu

ctor

Insulation

*ayer

OuterCondu

ctor

OuterLacket

*en!t(

C(aracteristi

cImpedance

M

$inim


m

$aximumAttenuati

onConstant

d,:m

$aximum7sa

ble5re9uency

$&?

Calculatin!

8ei!(tk!:k

m

Number:Dia

meter

OuterDiamet

ermm

$ateri

al

OuterDiamet

ermm

Patter

n

$axi

mumOuterDiam

eter

mm

Nominal

'(ickn

essmm

$inimum'(ickn

ess

mm

OuterDiamet

ermm

Production*en!t

(m

$ini

mumCable*en!t(

$ar!in

m

1#$&

?

/##$&

?

1###$

&?

'v-56-

6-1

10"52

0"52

%ol'eth'l

ene

4"3G0"

2

ingleB

raid

6"60

0"&

0"30

5"1G0"

0

100to20

0

6 56G104

0"050

3

0"1&

0

1"02

8

104

53"63

2014-08-08 uawei con!idential" #o spreading without per$ission" %age 4& o! 8&


50/89


No.

$

odel

InnerCondu

ctor

Insulation

*ayer

OuterCondu

ctor

OuterLacket

*en!t(

C(aracteristi

cImpedance

M

$inim


m

$aximumAttenuati

onConstant

d,:m

$aximum7sa

ble5re9uency

$&?

Calculatin!

8ei!(tk!:k

m

Number:Dia

meter

OuterDiamet

ermm

$ateri

al

OuterDiamet

ermm

Patter

n

$axi

mumOuterDiam

eter

mm

Nominal

'(ickn

essmm

$inimum'(ickn

ess

mm

OuterDiamet

ermm

Production*en!t

(m

$ini

mumCable*en!t(

$ar!in

m

1#$&

?

/##$&

?

1###$

&?

4

'v-56-

6-1

10"23

0"58

%ol'eth'l

ene

4"3G0"

20

ingleB

raid

6"60

0"&

0"30

5"1G0"

0

100to20

0

6 56G104

0"058

6

0"21

1

1"21

104

53"5



51/89


No.

$

odel

InnerCondu

ctor

Insulation

*ayer

OuterCondu

ctor

OuterLacket

*en!t(

C(aracteristi

cImpedance

M

$inim


m

$aximumAttenuati

onConstant

d,:m

$aximum7sa

ble5re9uency

$&?

Calculatin!

8ei!(tk!:k

m

Number:Dia

meter

OuterDiamet

ermm

$ateri

al

OuterDiamet

ermm

Patter

n

$axi

mumOuterDiam

eter

mm

Nominal

'(ickn

essmm

$inimum'(ickn

ess

mm

OuterDiamet

ermm

Production*en!t

(m

$ini

mumCable*en!t(

$ar!in

m

1#$&

?

/##$&

?

1###$

&?

6

'v-10

0-5

11"30

0"3

%ol'eth'l

ene

5"G0"

26

ingleB

raid

8"60

1"0

0"50

10"2G0"

0

60to20

0

6100G6

104

0"06

5

0"14

5

0"52

&

104

14"62



52/89


III. 6tructure and Per+ormance o+ t(e 6KV 6eries 2;Fo(m and "##Fo(m CoaxialR5 Cables

/.; Protection Area o+ *i!(tnin! Arresters

I. Protection Area o+ a 6in!le *i!(tnin! Arrester

1"6h

h

h,

ha

%rotection area on thehoriontal plane

r

46

h2

1 Hou can calculate the radius o! the protection area on the ground o! a lightningarrester according to the !ollowing !or$ula)

r 1"6h

?hereA

r) protection radius unit) $

h) height o! the lightning arrester unit) $

2 Hou can calculate the protection radius on the horiontal plane at a height o! h,where the protected o:@ect is located according to the !ollowing !or$ula)

?hen h,O h2)

r, h - h,p hap

?hereA

r,) protection radius o! the lightning arrester on the horiontal plane at a height o! h ,unit) $

h,) height o! the protected o:@ect unit) $

h) e!!ective height o! the lightning arrester unit) $



53/89


p) in!luence coe!!icient o! height

?hen h Q 0 $A p 1

?hen 0 $ ] h Q 120 $A p 6"6h 12

=he s'$:ols in the !ollowing !or$ulas have the sa$e $eanings"

?hen h,] h2)

r, 1"6h - 2h,p

II. Protection Area o+ 'wo *i!(tnin! Arresters wit( t(e 6ame &ei!(t

h,

%rotection area onthe horiontal plane

1 Hou can calculate the protection area o! the outer side o! the two lightningarresters :' using the !or$ulas that are used !or calculating the protection areain the case o! one lightning arrester"

2 =he protection area :etween the two lightning arresters is deter$ined :' the arcthat passes the verte,es o! the two lightning arresters and the lowest point > onthe upper edge o! the protection area" =he radius o! the arc is 0" %oint > is theverte, o! the lightning arrester" Hou can calculate the height h 0 o! point >according to the !ollowing !or$ula)

h0 h - D5p

?hereA

h0) height o! the lowest point on the upper edge o! the protection area :etween thetwo lightning arresters

D) distance :etween the two lightning arresters unit) $

Hou can calculate the $ini$u$ width at one side o! the protection area that is:etween the two lightning arresters on the horiontal plane at the height o! h ,according to the !ollowing !or$ula)

:, 1"6 h0- h,

?hereA



54/89


:,) $ini$u$ width at one side o! the protection area unit) $

?hen D 5hapA :, 0"

/!ter :, is nownA 'ou can draw the protection area :etween the two lightningarresters :' re!erring to the previous !igure"

=he ratio o! the distance :etween the two lightning arresters and the height o! thelightning arrester should not :e $ore than 6"

III. Protection Area o+ 'wo *i!(tnin! Arresters wit( Di++erent &ei!(ts

D

D

!

h2 h1

1 Hou can calculate the outer protection area o! the two lightning arresters withdi!!erent heights :' using the !or$ulas used !or calculating the protection area inthe case o! one lightning arrester"

2 =o calculate the protection area :etween the two lightning arresters with di!!erentheightsA do as !ollows)

- Calculate the protection area o! lightning arrester 1 that is the higher"

- Draw a horiontal line !ro$ the verte, o! lightning arrester 2 that is thelower" =he line intersects the upper protection edge o! lightning arrester 1 atpoint "

- Consider point as the verte, o! the e.uivalent lightning arrester andcalculate the protection area :etween lightning arresters 2 and according tothe $ethod descri:ed in the previous section" Hou can calculate the height o! thearc that passes point 2A point A and the lowest point on the upper edge o! theprotection area as !ollows)

! D`5p

?hereA

!) arc height $

D) distance :etween lightning arrester 2 and e.uivalent lightning arrester unit) $

p) the sa$e as :e!ore



55/89


/.> Calculation $et(od and Common Data o+ *i!(tnin!Protection Broundin! Resistance

I. 5ormula o+ Calculatin! t(e Resistance o+ a 6in!le Broundin! ,ody in7ni+orm 6oil

1 +ertical grounding :odies ;rounding pipes

igure 1"1 shows a grounding pipe that is :uried underground"

d

t

l

;round sur!ace

5i!ure "." +ertical grounding :odies

=he !or$ula !or calculating the resistance o! a single grounding :od' is as !ollows)

IV2LJ , (n4 F 2td F 4t ------- 2-1

?hereA

) resistance o! the grounding pipe unit) f

V) soil resistivit' unit) f$

) length o! the vertical grounding pipe unit) $

d) dia$eter o! the vertical grounding pipe unit) $

t) :urial depth !ro$ the ground sur!ace to the top o! the grounding pipe unit) $

ection steel grounding :odies

*! section steel is used as grounding :odies instead o! steel pipesA replace d in!or$ula 2-1 with the e.uivalent dia$eter"

/ lat steel) d :2 :) length o! the !lat steel

B E.ual angle steel) d 0"84: :) length o! the angle steel

C


56/89


=he !or$ulas !or calculating the resistance o! the section steel grounding :odies areas !ollows)

lat steel) IV2LJ , (n 8 F 2t: F 4t ------------ 2-2

E.ual angle steel)

IV2LJ , (n 4"81 F 2t: F 4t ----- 2-


57/89


/nnulus grounding :odies

*n certain casesA to save the spaceA 'ou can :ur' the conductor or !lat sheet into anannulus" ee igure "1"

t

d

;round sur!ace

D

D

5i!ure 1." ing grounding conductors

ing grounding conductors

?hen the :urial length is t $etersA 'ou can calculate the grounding resistance o! thering grounding conductor according to the !ollowing !or$ula)

IV2L2

DJ , (n 8Ld2

dt --- 2-5?hereA

) grounding resistance o! the ring grounding conductor unit) f

V) soil resistivit' unit) f$

D) dia$eter o! the ring grounding conductor unit) $

d) dia$eter o! the ring grounding conductor unit) $

t) :urial depth !ro$ the ground sur!ace to the ring grounding conductor unit) $

ing !lat steel grounding :odies

=o calculate the grounding resistance o! the ring !lat steel grounding :od'A re!er to the!or$ula !or calculating the grounding resistance o! the ring grounding conductor anduse the e.uivalent dia$eter 0"6: to replace :"

IV2L2DJ , (n8Ld2dt --- 2-8

?hereA

:) length o! the cross-section o! the !lat steel unit) $

%late grounding :odies



58/89


59/89


) length o! the reticular grounding :od' unit) $

d) dia$eter o! the reticular grounding :od' unit) $

h) :urial depth !ro$ the ground sur!ace to the reticular grounding :od' unit) $

II. 'otal Resistance o+ $ultiple Broundin! ,odies

=he grounding straps o! $ultiple grounding :odies are insulated !ro$ soil"

=he !or$ula !or calculating the total resistance o! $ultiple vertical grounding :odies o!the sa$e t'pe is as !ollows)

# 1n1 ----------------------------------- 2-12

?hereA

#) total resistance o! the vertical grounding :odies o! the sa$e t'pe unit) f

1) resistance o! one vertical grounding :od' unit) f

n) nu$:er o! the vertical grounding :odies

1) utiliation coe!!icient o! the vertical grounding :od'

A: #.; " ".; / /.; 1 "#

0"6 0"64 0"3 0"54 0"5& 0"86 /ppro,i$ateto 1

=he relation :etween the utiliation coe!!icient o! the vertical grounding :od' anda is shown in the !ollowing ta:le ) length o! the vertical grounding :od'Y a) space:etween vertical grounding :odies"

=he total resistance o! $ultiple horiontal grounding :odies o! the sa$e t'pe is as!ollows)

n 2n2 ---------------------------------- 2-1

?hereA

n) total resistance o! the horiontal grounding :odies o! the sa$e t'pe unit) f

2) resistance o! one horiontal grounding :od' unit) f

n) nu$:er o! the horiontal grounding :odies2) utiliation coe!!icient o! the horiontal grounding :od'

or the utiliation coe!!icients o! the parallel-strap horiontal grounding :od' and theradial grounding conductorA re!er to the !ollowing two ta:les"

1 =he grounding straps o! $ultiple grounding :odies are not insulated !ro$ soil"

?hen n vertical grounding :odies are connected :' a horiontal grounding :od'Acalculate the total grounding resistance as !ollows)

12I12F 21 nJ ---------------------- 2-14

?hereA2014-08-08 uawei con!idential" #o spreading without per$ission" %age 6& o! 8&


60/89


) total grounding resistance o! the n vertical grounding :odies connected :' ahoriontal grounding :od' unit) f

1) grounding resistance o! one vertical grounding :od' unit) f2) grounding resistance o! the connecting strap :etween the vertical grounding:odies unit) f

1) utiliation coe!!icient o! the vertical grounding :od'

2) utiliation coe!!icient o! the connecting strap

n) nu$:er o! the vertical grounding :odies

'able "."


61/89


16 0"82 0"8 0"52 0"5 0"6& 0"65

20 0"84 0"82 0"56 0"5 0"32 0"3

#ote) ?hen !lat steel is used as the radial strapA the e.uivalent dia$eter is :2 : isthe length o! the !lat steel"

or the relation :etween the values 1and 2and the settingnu$:er o! the verticalgrounding :odiesA re!er to the !ollowing to ta:les"

'able ".1


62/89


'able ".


63/89


%eatA $arliteAswa$pland 20 10 to 0 60 to 00 to 0

Mashed charcoal 40 - - -BlaclandA gardensoilA china cla'A$al$

60 0 to 100 60 to 00 10 to 0

Cla' 30 0 to 100 60 to 00 10 to 0

and' cla' 100 0 to 00 80 to 1000 10 to 0

(oess 200 100 to 200 260 0

Cla' with sandAsand 00 100 to 1000 S 1000 0 to 100

and on the river:each - 00 - -

Coal - 60 - -

ton' soil 400 - - -

ed weatheredcla' in the upperla'er and red rocin the lower la'er

600 hu$idit')0P - - -

ton' soil in the

sur!ace la'erAgravel in thelower la'er

300 hu$idit')16P - - -

and

andA gravel 1A000 260 to 1000 1000 to2600 -

and :ed with adepth o! $orethan 10 $Agrassland with adeep water ta:le

1A000 - - -

Cla' with a depth

o! $ore than 1"6$A stratu$ with$an' rocs

1A000 - - -

oc

;ravelA $acada$ 6A000 - - -

oc' stone 6A000 - - -

;ranite 200A000 - - -

Concrete *n water 40 to 66 - - -

*n wet soil 100 to 200 - - -

*n dr' soil 600 to 100 - - -



64/89


*n dr' at$osphere 12000 to 18000 - - -

Mine Metallic ore 0"01 to 1 - - -

'able "./ elation :etween soil resistivit' a:out 16P $oisture content and te$perature

'emperature HC 6oil Resisti%ity Mm

20 52

10 &&

0 water 18

0 ice 00

^6 5&0

^16 A00

'able ".1 elation :etween soil resistivit' and hu$idit'

$oisture Content Ratio o+$oisture and 8ei!(t

Resisti%ity Mm

and' Cla' and

0 10A000A000 -

2"6 1A600 A000A000

6 40 60A000

10 186 2A100

16 106 30

20 3 2&0

0 42 -

'able ". esistivit' o! various t'pes o! water

'ype NameApproximation o+Resisti%ity Mm

'ype NameApproximation o+Resisti%ity Mm

?aterea water 1 to 6 ?ater trea$water 60 to 100

(ae waterApool water 0 iver water 0 to 300

?ater in $udand peat 16 to 20

?astewater 00



65/89


pring 40 to 60 Distilledwater 1A000A000

;roundwater 20 to 50

'able ".; elation :etween soil resistivit' and the salt content in sand

6alt Content J 6oil Resisti%ity Mm

0 105

0"1 18

1 4"3

6 1"&10 1"

20 1

eason-correcting coe!!icient o! soil resistivit'

/!!ected :' the cli$ate including te$perature and hu$idit'A the soil resistivit' isdi!!erent in ever' $onth o! a 'ear" =o ensure that the grounding resistance $eets there.uire$ents when the soil resistivit' reaches the highestA 'ou need to use theseason-correcting coe!!icient K"

V V[ -------- 2-16

?hereA

V) soil resistivit' used !or calculating grounding resistance

V[) soil resistivit' tested in di!!erent $onths o! a 'ear" =a:le 1"1 lists the season-correcting coe!!icients in the twelve $onths o! a 'ear in Bei@ing !or re!erence"

K) season-correcting coe!!icient o! soil resistivit'

'able "." eason-correcting coe!!icients in Bei@ing

Area " / 1 ; > 2 @ 0 "# "" "/

Bei@ingF22bCto 12bC

1"08 1 0"&3 1"6 1"42 1"42 1"42 1"& 1"8 1"3 1"42 1"6

or the season-correcting coe!!icients in other areasA re!er to =a:le 1"2" Hou canselect a proper season-correcting coe!!icient according to the weather conditions"



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'able "./ eason-correcting coe!!icients in various t'pes o! areas

8eat(er Condition'ype I

Area

'ype II

Area

'ype III

Area

'ype IV

Area

?eather inde,

/verage lowte$peraturejanuar'

^20bC to ^16bC

^16bC to ^10bC

^10bC to0bC 0bC to 6bC

/verage highte$peraturejul'

F13bC toF18bC

F18bC toF22bC

F22bC toF24bC

F24bC toF23bC

/verage rain!all$$ 400 600 600 00 to 600

reee-up da' 1&0 to 150 ] 160 ] 100 0

eason-correctingcoe!!icient

/ngle steelgrounding :od'length) 1"6 $ to2"6 $Y :urialdepth) 0"6 $ to0"8 $

1"8 to 2"0 1"6 to 1"8 1"4 to 1"3 1"2 to 1"4

Band steel orwire steelgrounding :od':urial depth) 0"8$

4"6 to 5"0 "6 to 4"6 2"0 to 2"6 1"6 to 2"0

Band steel orwire steelgrounding :od':urial depth) 0"4$

3"0 to 8"0 4"6 to 6"6 2"6 to "0 2

4 Methods o! reducing the grounding resistance

Che$ical $ethods)

Che$icals are added into soil to reduce the grounding resistance" /dding salt #aclis the $ost cost-e!!ective" Hou can use the la'ering $ethod or the irrigation $ethod"*n this wa'A the grounding resistance that is not a!!ected $uch :' te$perature orhu$idit' can :e reduced to 13 to 1 in the sand' soil and to 26 to 1 in the sand'cla'" Che$icals can corrode the grounding :od'" =he validit' period is two 'earsA thatisA the salt needs to :e added again ever' two 'ears" =he a$ount o! added salt is 12o! the initial a$ount"

a" (a'ering $ethod

Dig a round hole with a dia$eter o! 0"6 $ around each grounding pipe" Bur' thegrounding pipes length) 2"6 $A dia$eter) 60 c$A thicness) 6 $$" Ensure that the:urial depth o! the grounding pipes is 0"5 $ to 1 $" /t a depth o! 1 o! the length o!the grounding pipe a:ove the grounding pipesA that isA a:out 30 c$ to 80 c$ deep!ro$ the ground sur!aceA appl' si, to eight la'ers o! salt and each la'er is 2 c$ to c$ deep" =hen appl' a la'er o! conductive hu$usA 10 c$ deep" =a$p the salt and

water the salt properl' 1 g salt to 1^2 liter water" epeat the operations and appl'2014-08-08 uawei con!idential" #o spreading without per$ission" %age 33 o! 8&


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another seven la'ers o! salt" Each grounding pipe needs 0 g to 40 g salt" ne ilogra$ o!salt needs to :e dissolved in 1 g to 2 g water"


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C" "

D" Mi, all the solutions and then add the solidi!ied agent" /ppl' the solution around

the grounding :odies" /!ter the solution is solidi!iedA :ac!ill and ta$p the soil"

:" /cr'la$ide resistance reducing agent

a or$ula

$aterial Name 6peci+icationsDosa!e

k!Proportion J 5unction

/cr'la$ide ?hite powder 0"& 4 ost cr'stal

##-di$eth'l acr'la$ide ?hite powder 0"0& 0"4 Cross-lining agent

/$$oniu$persul!ate ?hite powder 0"02 0"1 *nitiating agent

=riethanole$ine +iscous li.uid 0"0& 0"4 *nitiating agent

odiu$ chloride#acl *ndustrial product "6 16 Electrol'te

?ater 18 58 olvent

:


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Bleaching powderE!!ective sodiu$content) 28P to0P

0"13 0"6 olidi!ied agent

odiu$ chloride#acl *ndustrial product

10 Electrol'te

ine earth 13 65 /gent

"6 16

?ater 3 22 0P olvent

:


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+arnished cloth 1"1 to 1" 0 to 40 "6 to 6

=rans!or$er oil 0"86 to 0"8& 6 to 18 2 to 2"6

Mica arti!icial $ica 2"2 16 to 0 4"3 to 3

Mar:le 2"5 "6 to 6"6 8 to 10

>rganic glass 1"18 15 to 18 "2 to "3

%ara!!in 0"& to 0"& 16 to 0 2"2 to 2"

%ol'vin'l chloride %+Cplastics 1"8 46 "1 to "6

Muscovite $ica 2"8 to "2 120 to 200 3 to 5"6

%hlogopite $ica 2"6 to 2"5 30 to 126 4 to 6"6

;lass 2"6 to 2"5 10 to 40 6"6 to 10

Cera$ics 2" to 2"5 18 to 26 6 to 5"6

*nsulation paper 1"2 to 1"4 4 to 11 "6

u::er 1"16 to 1" 8 to 10 2"4 to 4"6

Material #a$e %roportion gc$esistanceCoe!!icient V0 at20bC oh$$$2$

=e$perature Coe!!iciento! esistance k 1bC

Copper 8"&6 0"0156 4"0,10-

ilver 10"66 0"13 4"0,10-

/lu$iniu$ 2"5 0"02& 4"0,10-

=in 5" to 5"6 0"12 4"4,10-

(ead 11"4 to 11"5 0"21 4"2,10-

inc 5"1 0"03 "&,10-

*ron 5"83 0"1 to 0"4 &"0,10-4

/.@ 6ubdi%ision o+ $icrowa%e 5re9uency ,ands in t(e 76A



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P ,and * ,and 6 ,and X ,and - ,and E ,and V ,and 8 ,and

u::and

re

.uenc';

u::and

re

.uenc';

u::and

re

.uenc';

u::and

re

.uenc';

u::and

re.

uenc';

u::and

re.uenc';

u::and

re.uenc';

u::and

re.

uenc';



72/89


266

0"&

p

c

i

'

t

s

,

!

0"&

0"436

0"61

0"526

0"58

0"&

0"&6

2"&

1"6

1"46

1"66

e

!

t

c

.

'

g

s

a

w

h

d

1"66

1"36

1"86

2

2"4

2"3

2"5

2"&

"1

"4

"5

"&

4"2

6"2

a

.

'

d

:

r

c

i

s

,

!

6"2

6"6

6"56

3"2

3"26

3"&

5

8"6

&

&"3

10

10"26

10"&

p

s

e

c

u

t

.

r

$

n

i

a

10"&

12"26

1"26

14"26

16"6

15"26

20"6

24"6

23"6

28"6

0"5

3

a

:

c

d

e

3

8

40

42

44

43

a

:

c

d

e

43

48

60

62

64

63

63

100

#ote)

1 ^X'"& ; to 3"2 ;A C :and in the previous ta:le"

2 Ku^K. 16"6 ; to 24"6 ;



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C(apter 1 xamples o+ Desi!nin! and Calculatin!$icrowa%e Circuits

E,a$ple)

*n a ;M pro@ectA $icrowave can onl' :e used !or connecting BC to B=1 andB=1A due to environ$ental !actors" Design the $icrowave rela' circuit that connectsBC to B=1 and B=1" =he $a,i$u$ local rain!all is 16 $$h" =he local place hasonl' the 4 ; $icrowave circuit" =he three stations are connected in a chain BC-B=1-B=2" =he $icrowave circuit applies the $icrowave !re.uenc' o! 8 ;"

olutions)

1 Mar the points where BCA B=1A and B=2 are located on the topographic$ap with a scale o! 1)60A000 "

2 ead the plane rectangular coordinates unit) degree and altitudes unit) $ o!the pointsA !or e,a$ple)

- BC 2&8"40A 1554"86A 446- B=1 2&85"&0A 15564"4A 650- B=2 22&&2"36&A 15531"2A 630

ecord the data o! BC-B=1 and B=1-B=2 in the $icrowave trans$issionpro!ile diagra$" e!er to =a:le 1"1and =a:le 1"2"

'able "." Data o! the BC-B=1 pro!ile 1m

No. d"km Altitude m Remarks

1 0 446 /t the BC point

2 1 434

2"6 4&0

4 "8 450

6 4"2 483

3 4"8 462

5 6"3 60

8 5" 430& 8"1 480

10 &"2 640

11 11"6 650 /t the B=1 point

#ote) d1re!ers to the distance :etween B=1 and BC"

2014-08-08 uawei con!ident

Microwave Engineering Design Manual-20080219-A

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Transcript of Microwave Engineering Design Manual-20080219-A