2. INTRODUCTIONS AND GREETINGS

Watashi wa ______________ desu, Dzo yoroshiku. wah-tah-she wah ______________ dis, dozo yo-ro-she-koo. I am ______________, pleased to meet you. Konnichiwa kon-nee-chi-wa Good day/Good morning Only used in the day, this is a greeting. Ohay goziamasu o-hi-o go-zy-mas Good morning A better Good Morning. Konbanwa kon-ban-wa Good evening A night-time greeting. Oyasumi nasai o-ya-soo-me nah-sai Goodnight! When going to bed. Hajimemashite ha-jee-may-mash-tay How do you do?

O-genki desu ka o-gen-key dis ka How are you? The O- is an honourable addition. It is added politeness. The response is below: Hai, genki desu hi, gen-key dis I'm well You may also be needing the following basic words (don't worry, we'll repeat them later):

Nan desuka ? Kenapa ? ohayou gozaimasu selamat pagi onegaishimasu minta tolong domo arigatou gozaimasu terima kasih banyak2 dou itashimashite sama-sama omedetou gozaimasu tahniah chotto matte kudasai sila tunggu sebentar chigaimasu tidak benar sumimasen maaf irasshai selamat datang shiraku desu ne lama tak jumpa

DEWA, NIHON-GO NO JUGYOU WO TSUTZUKETAI TO OMOIMASU...... perkataan2 "-san", "-kun", "-chan" dan sewaktu dgnnya merupakan kata hormat, atau simply kita katakan kita memanggil seseorang dgn sopan, yg merupakan adat resam nihonjin (rakyat jepun). walau bagaimanapun penggunaannya agak berbeza antara satu sama lain. ok, untuk "-san", perkataan ini biasa dipanggil selepas nama seseorg itu disebut, yg maksud mudahnya "encik"(kalo laki), "cik"(pompuan), (mr & ms.). "-san" ini biasa kita dengar sbb ia berbentuk universal, nak gunakan kepada sesiapa pun boleh, terutama nya bila kita nak `adress`kan org yg x berapa dikenali atau kenalan yg tidak rapat. akan tetapi, di kalangan org yg rapat, "-san" x perlu disebut (yobisute). kadangkala mereka akan memanggil dgn nama pertama (bukan nama keluarga). seperti yg disebut tadi, ianya terhad kpd kenalan yg rapat ataupun dgn izin empunya nama itu sendiri. sebelum nih, aku terangkan penggunaan "-san". kini aku akan cuba terangkan penggunaan "-kun" plak..... ok, kun nih biasernya digunakan utk lelaki, contohnya watak haruko dalam slam dunk pernah memanggil rukawa sbg rukawa-kun(rujuk sd vol 1 edisi melayu) mula2 aku pon x paham sgt, tp lepas belajar nihongo baru aku tau. tp biasanyalah budak pompuan akan panggil lelaki dengan -kun ini. tetapi, -kun juga digunakan apabila seseorang yg berpangkat tinggi dlm satu bidang memanggil org yg pangkatnya lebih rendah @ org bawahan.... x kira laki @ pompuan. contohnya seseorang profesor boleh memanggil pembantunya yg perempuan dengan menggunakan -kun, begitu juga seorang pengurus (sykt) memanggil org bawahannya.... utk "-sama" plak, ianya digunakan utk menggambarkan sesuatu yg great, atau agak besar pangkatnya..... macam untuk tuhan (kami-sama), raja(ou-sama) etc. selain itu dalam urusan / majlis rasmi atau penulisan surat, -san boleh digantikan kepada sama kerana ini formal. walau bagaimanapun -sama juga boleh digunakan sebagai satu simbol dimana kita sangat berterima kasih atau menghargai jasa seseorang( seolah2 dia itu agak hebat)..... kalo kat jepon plak, beckam-sama ngan yon-sama(pek yonjun) sering digunakan pasal kat sini diorang feymess wooo!!! utk dono plak aku dah terangkan sebelum nih, so x yah lagilahkan? utk -chan plak, ianya digunakan utk org2 yg rapat (biaser pompuan) atau boyfren atau kenalan lelaki yg bebetul rapat (kalo main cakap jer boleh kene marah)... ataupun biasanya digunakan terhadap budak perempuan (budak2)...... biasanya ada unsur2 kawaii(chomel) dlm penggunaan -chan inih....

kun-untuk cam orang lagi muda dari kita san-untuk orang lagi tuar dari kite

sama-untuk ketua sensei-untuk guru chan-untuk cam budak budak pastu ni plak pasal perkataan

baaga-bodoh kussa(tak tau camner kalo romaji)-damn it

anosa-cam nak amik perhatian

nadeska-cam aper ni? naayi-gune mase terkejut chikara-kindness

kyoudai-adik beradik keluarga bapa: O-tou-sama, O-tou-san, tou-san, tou-chan, oyaji mak: O-kaa-sama, O-kaa-san, Haha-Ue, haha, kaa-san, kaa-chan abang: O-nii-sama, O-niisan,nii-san, nii-chan ani-Ue, ani, aniki kakak: O-nee-sama, O-nee-san, nee-san, nee-chan, ane-Ue, ane, aneki adik laki: otoutou... tp biasanya diorg panggil nama adik diorg terus +chan adik pompuan: imoutou... dan sama mcm adik laki gak, nama+chan...

"anata no koto ga daisuki desu" not bad) Not too bad. Sorehodo takakunai desu. takai - takakunai (expensive -> not expensive) Not too expensive. Sono tokei wa sorehodo takakunai desu. That watch is not too expensive.

Linker 'sorekara' Sorekara is used to mean "and then". It is used in the same manner as in English. Nichi ybi watashi wa sentaku o shimashita. Sorekara, heya o sjishimashita. 'sorekara' to link the sentences. "and then...". On Sunday I did the washing. And then, I cleaned the room. Sentaku o suru - to do washing. Sjishimashita - did cleaning.

Linker 'sore dewa' Sore dewa means "well then...". Consider the following. soredewa, hikki de aimasu. Well then, let's meet at the airport.

Linker 'soshite' We can use 'soshite' and link sentences with an and. Kynen Nihon ni kimashita. Soshite rainen igirisu ni kaerimasu. Last year I came to Japan. And this year I am returning to England. Tanaka-san ni atte, issho ni ban-gohan o tabemashita. Soshite uchi ni kaerimashita. I met Mr. Tanaka and had dinner with him. And then I returned home.

Ano tatemono wa hoteru desu ka. - tatemono - building Is that building a hotel? Hai, s desu. Yes (it is). When we talk about things we do in our spare time we often mean to infer that these actions happen often. To show this, we use -tari with verbs (see Section 39 - repeating actions). Kayoko: Yasumi no hi ni wa donna koto o shimasu ka - yasumi no hi (spare time) What do you do in your spare time? Ryo: S desu ne, pru de oyoidari, ken o sanposhitari shimasu. - oyogu -> oyogi (to swim), sanpo (to walk) I swim in the pool, and walk in the park. Asking someone to perform some action - -te kudasai. Or simply o kudasai to request an object. Sumisu: Hagaki o 5(go)mai kudasai - Please give me 5 postcards. Ten'in: Hai, dzo. - Here you are. Asking someone to not do something - -nai de kudasai. Keikan: Sumimasen ga, koko de tabako o suwanai de kudasai imasen. - Policeman: Please do not smoke here. Hito: Dmo sumimasen. - Woman: Ok.

53. Adjective Review We use adjectives to describe things in more detail, and have done so many times already. Here we will go over the different ways of using adjectives to add meaning to our sentences. Remember the various rules for using adjectives with verbs, tenses, and other adjectives.

Adjective Types There are two types of adjective that we have been using: the -i adjectives and the -na adjectives, named after their ending characters. How you utilise the two types is different. Let's examine some of these describing words as a reminder.

-i adjectives akai red takai tall / expensive fukai deep tsuyoi strong aoi blue hikui short (height) asai shallow yowai weak shiroi white nagai long omoi heavy atsui hot (air temp) kuroi black mijikai short (length) karui light samui cold (air temp) midori green tooi far ii / yoi good amai sweet kiiroi yellow chikai near warui bad karai spicy hot

-i adjectives ending in -shii tadashii right / correct isogashii busy airashii lovely wazurawashii troublesome atarashii new muzukashii difficult utagawashii doubtful ichijirushii remarkable mezurashii rare kanashii sad sabishii lonely utsukushii beautiful kuwashii full, detailed koishii miss kewashii steep shitashii friendly, intimate ureshii glad, happy kibishii severe yasashii kind

hazukashii abashed -

-na adjectives

These -na adjectives are Japanese. There are also Chinese and Foreign and are written in kanji and katakana repectively (see below). shizuka-na nodoka-na odayaka-na makkuro-na quiet peaceful calm coal-black akiraka-na kasuka-na obvious vague These -na adjectives are Chinese. my-na ky-na strange sudden komayaka-na tender hen-na strange kantan-na simple shiwase-na happy -

rippa-na kiken-na kirei-na kagakuteki-na bunkateki-na wonderful dangerous beautiful scientific cultural These -na adjectives are Foreign. They are spelt with katakana characters, and sound similar to English! furesshu-na shinpuru-na shikku-na sumaato-na romantikku-na fresh simple chic refined romantic

Adjective Conjugation Check out Section 16 for more examples and explanation. Busy Affirmative Form isogashii desu I'm busy Nigel-san, isogashii desu ka Nigel, are you busy? Isogashii hito desu. A busy person. Affirmative Past Form isogashikatta desu I was busy Kin, isogashikatta desu. Yesterday I was busy. Negative Past Form isogashikunakatta desu I was not busy Negative Form isogashikunai desu I'm not busy

Pretty / Clean Affirmative Form kirei desu It is clean Negative Form kirei dewa arimasen It is not clean

Heya ni kirei dewa arimasen. In this room it is not clean. Kore tsukue wa kirei desu. This table is clean. Kore wa kireina tsukue desu. This is a clean table. Affirmative Past Form kirei deshita It was clean Kin, heya ni kirei deshita. Yesterday this room was clean. Negative Past Form kirei dewa arimasendeshita It was not clean

ame desu It is raining

ame dewa arimasen It is not raining

ame deshita It was raining

ame dewa arimasendeshita It was not raining

Linking Adjectives -i Adjectives For when you want to use two or more describing words (-i adjectives) we take off the i and replace with kute. Below we see the words kuroi (black) and ookii (big). Kurokute ookii fukuro desu Black, big bag. -na Adjectives As above, except with -na adjectives we remove the na and replace with de.. Below we see the words shizuka-na (quiet) and hen-na (strange). Shizuka de hen-na hito desu Quiet and strange person. Adverbs - adjective + verb This differs depending on the type of adjective used. For -i adjectives we remove the last i and add ku, and for -na convert it to ni. Here we use utsukushii (beautiful), aoi (blue), and kirei-na (neat/clean). Utsukushiku kaku To write beautifully. Aoku kaku To write in blue

Kireini kaku To write neatly. The table below shows how adjectives link when together when with another adjective or with a verb or noun. + atarashii + hito + kaku + shizuka(na) ookikute atarashii Big and new kirei de atarashii Beautiful and new shizuka de ookii Quiet and big ookiku kaku Write big kirei ni kaku Write beautifully shizukani kaku Write quietly ookii hito Big person kirei-na hito Beautiful person. shizuka hito Quiet person

Sentences Using Adjective Conjugation Using the table above you can see how the different adjectives conjugate in various circumstances. Koko wa attatakai desu. - atatatakai (warm) This place is warm. Koko wa attatakakunai desu. This place is not warm. Ano ko wa ji o kirei ni kakimasu. - kirei (na) -> kirei ni That child writes beautifully. Ano ko wa ji o kirei ni kakimasen. That child does not write beautifully. Shigoto wa kin taihen dewa arimasendeshita. - taihen (na) (difficult/extremely) The work yesterday was not difficult. Ybe wa samukatta desu. - samui (na) - samukatta (was hot) Last night it was hot. Ybe wa samukunakatta desu. - samui (na) - samukunakatta (was not hot) Last night it was not hot. Rensh o shita kara, suk ga jzu(na) ni narimashita. - jzu ni naru - become good at Because of practice, I became good at skiing. Harada-san wa isha ni narimashita. - ni naru - transitive verb takes 'ni' Mr. Harada became a doctor. Or perhaps kaikeishi (accountant) or bengoshi (lawyer). Reizko ni irete bru o tsumetaku shimashita. - ireru (to put in), tsumetai suru -

tsumetaku shita (was cold) Beer put into the fridge was cold. Ky wa amari samukunai desu. - samui - samukunai desu (not cold) Today it is not very cold.