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Trends in Testing,Assessment and

Evaluation

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Chapter 1

Teaching

Learning

Assessment

Measurement

Testing

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What is teaching ?

Think of different ways to defineteaching.

Write down at least threedifferent definitions of teaching.

Pair up with someone to choosethe best ONE of your definitions.

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Definitions of Teaching

To present information,

insights. To reveal knowledge or skill.

To help students learn.

NOTE: All of the above can beaccomplished eitherdeliberately or incidentally.

That is, you can teach by

means of explicit instruction,ongoing guidance, deliberatemodeling, or accidentalexample.

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Teaching

Teaching iseducating

Teaching is instruction, or transfering

knowledge from one to another

Teaching is to help the individual to learn.Or the activities and operations carried outby the teacher to facilitate the learningprocess

Teaching is trying to answer the student

needs to learn by adjusting themethodology based on the studentslearning style

Teaching is output (Roberts Abiola ) Teaching is giving out

Teaching is to impart knowledge or skill(Olaseindemi Adebambo Oyebanji )

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Learning is receiving knowledge and committing

it to memory Learning: is the desired change in the behavior

of the individual results from passing a certainexpertise.

Learning

earn ng: e rory per a n o e s u enoriented reason on how they can learn in theway they do such as the learning styles, habitsetc.

learning is input (Roberts Abiola)

learning is to acquire knowledge or skill by study(Olaseindemi Adebambo Oyebanji )

learning is taking in.

learning is used in the sense of knowledge.

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Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes Learning outcomes are statements

of what is expected that a studentwill be able to DO as a result of alearning activity.

Quality Assurance:

INPUTINPUT

OUTCOMESDescriptors

PROCESS

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TTest,est, MMeasurementeasurement,,AAssessmentssessment

andand EEvaluationvaluation

Test: 1. Used to collect information2. Measurement instrument3.Designed to elicit specific sample of

behavior

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TTest,est, MMeasurementeasurement,,AAssessmentssessment

andand EEvaluationvaluationMeasurement is the set of procedures and the

principles for how to use the procedures ineducational tests and assessments. Eg:percentile ranks, derived scores, standard

scores, etc

1. Quantification: assigning numbers2. Characteristics: abilities, traits, attributes,

constructs

3. Rules and procedures: must be

replicable

Quality of measurement: validity and reliability

Measurement = test+ Quantitative Data

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TTest,est, MMeasurementeasurement,,AAssessmentssessmentandand EEvaluationvaluation

Assessment

The process of gathering information to monitorprogress and make educational decisions if

necessary. An assessment may include a test butalso include methods such as observations,interviews, behaviour monitoring, etc

Assessment = Measurement + Qualitative Data

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Quantitativedescription of

Quantitativedescription

Measurement Assessment

always expressed innumbers Ex 35/40)

qualitativedescription (non-measurement)

of students

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Evaluation:The use of measurement in making

decisions

TTest,est, MMeasurementeasurement,,AAssessmentssessmentandand EEvaluationvaluation

1. Systematic

2. Gathering of information

3. Making decisions: value judgments

Evaluation = Assessment + Judgment

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Differences betweenassessment and evaluationDimension of Difference Assessment Evaluation

Timing Formative Summative

Focus of Measurement Process-Oriented Product-Oriented

Relationship BetweenAdministrator and Recipient Reflective Prescriptive

Findings, Uses Thereof Diagnostic Judgmental

Ongoing Modifiability of Criteria,

Measures Thereof Flexible Fixed

Standards of Measurement Absolute Comparative

Relation Between Objects of A/E Cooperative Competitive

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Formative: Ongoing

to Improve Learning

Summative: Final to

Gauge Quality

Process-Oriented: Product-Oriented:

Assessment Evaluation

(from various sources, but especially Dan Apple 1998)

Reflective: InternallyDefined Criteria/Goals

Prescriptive: ExternallyImposed Standards

Diagnostic: IdentifyAreas for Improvement

Judgmental: Arrive atan Overall Grade/Score

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Flexible: Adjust AsProblems are Clarified

Fixed: To RewardSuccess, Punish Failure

Assessment Evaluation

so u e: r v rIdeal Outcomes ompara ve: vBetter from Worse

Cooperative: Learn

from Each Other

Competitive: Beat

Each Other Out

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TTest,est, MMeasurementeasurement,,AAssessmentssessment

andand EEvaluationvaluation

Evaluation

Test

Measurement