Microsoft PowerPoint - Reading 1 [Compatibility
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Transcript of Microsoft PowerPoint - Reading 1 [Compatibility
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Reading SectionReading Section
Books are the treasured wealth of the world and the fit inheritance of generations and and the fit inheritance of generations and nations.
Henry David Thoreau
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OutlineOutline
� Reading Introduction
� Transition words
� Reading method
� Scanning, Skimming Scanning, Skimming
� Note-Taking Strategies
� Self motivation
� Introduction to Independent Writing
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Reading IntroductionReading Introduction
� Identify the topic & related details
� Find the category & organization in the passage
� Find information by scanning and skimming
� Comprehend the vocabulary & Correlate � Comprehend the vocabulary & Correlate various facts
� Make inferences & Sum up the passage
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Basic CategoriesBasic Categories
� Exposition◦ Descriptive
◦ Explains, defines, describes a topic, related to any academic field
� Argumentation� Argumentation◦ Author's Opinion
◦ The writers point of view; defends for or against a topic
� Facts & Figures ◦ Narratives based on past events
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Common Organization TypeCommon Organization Type
� Cause/effect
� Compare/contrast
� Problem/solution
� Classification/ Types
� Hypothesis� Hypothesis◦ Masters Programs
◦ Thesis
� Narratives ◦ Historical(inventions, discovery)
◦ literary
◦ Scientific
◦ Academic Oriented
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Layout of the PassageLayout of the Passage
� Introductory paragraph/lines
◦ gives the writers point of view
� Exposition/body
◦ argument, background, contrast, illustrations argument, background, contrast, illustrations
◦ examples can be skimmed or gleaned
� Concluding paragraph/lines
◦ final statement very important
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Transition WordsTransition Words
� Also known as the cohesive devices
� Interrelate the ideas
� Help in simplifying ideas
◦ Put one idea in one paragraphPut one idea in one paragraph
◦ They in fact act as conjunctions
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Finding the CluesFinding the Clues
� The transition words are the clues
� They help in locating the answers
� They also help in reading in a structured manner
� The same should be used while writing and speaking too
� An effective communicating device
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But if you look you will find your signsBut if you look you will find your signs
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Trigger WordsTrigger Words
� but� however� despite� nonetheless� in contrasthence
� although� yet� nevertheless� except � even thoughtherefore� hence
� so � thus� follows� conclude� as a result
� therefore� accordingly� consequently� that shows that� that implies� means that
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QuantifiersQuantifiers
� all
� some
� only
� never
� none
� always
� must
� likely� never
� probably
� except
� most
� few
� likely
� many
� everywhere
� alone
� little
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Premise IndicatorsPremise Indicators
� because
� since
� if
� as
� for
� is evident that
� in that
� owing to� as
� suppose
� assume
� owing to
� in as much as
� may be derived from
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Analogy IndicatorsAnalogy Indicators
� Like
� similar
� too
� as
� Likewise
� Also
� compared to
� with just as… so too� as � with just as… so too
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Other MarkersOther Markers
� The headings, sub-heading, names, numbers, punctuations.
� Active reading helps in stating what the passage is all about as quickly as possible in a systematic wayway
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ExampleExample
� Please look at Hand out “Queen’s University Belfast scientist” Example
� What do you see
� How to read it actively & quickly
� Key Words
◦ Vulnerable-susceptible, weak, in danger, at risk
◦ Antonym- impervious, invincible
◦ Rudimentary-Basic, elementary, simple, undeveloped
◦ Antonym- mature, superior
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What to ReadWhat to Read
� The opening & the final lines of a paragraph reveal the subject , the resolution & the conclusion
� However do not neglect the rest
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How to ReadHow to Read
� Take more than 3 words at a stretch
� Read with an understanding, anticipate the writer’s point of view
� Draw an outline map(notes)
� Skip repeated idea(s) or word(s)
� But some words can't be paraphrased, in such cases repetition is a clue
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Active ReaderActive Reader
� Focus on the big picture: the writer’s central idea
� Follow the structure & organization of the passage
Helps in solving 1Q / 1min� Helps in solving 1Q / 1min
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You can’t effort to be laid back You can’t effort to be laid back while Readingwhile Reading
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AnticipateAnticipate
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Trap or ClueTrap or Clue
� Every word in the passage has a purpose
� The purpose may vary from a friendly clue to a tiresome trap , be careful
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Skimming and ScanningSkimming and Scanning
� Skimming - reading quickly with no specific purpose but the general idea
� Scanning -for a specific information , like a name, date, term and etc
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Note Taking 1Note Taking 1
� Navigates you through your TOEFL iBT
� A Must to clear the test
� Note the key words, the nouns and the verbs
� Other words too are important so must not be Other words too are important so must not be ignored.
� (The context will show the level of importance)
� Note the gist of every Para
� Record only major events & points
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Note Taking 2Note Taking 2
� Use - tables, tree diagram, flow chart etc as applicable
� Keep similar points together
� Use symbols, abbreviations, simplify complex sentencessentences
� Be organized & brief
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Self MotivateSelf Motivate
� When the going gets tough the tough gets going
� There is no such thing as a difficult word or passage, Only our perception makes reading easy or difficult
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Introduction to Independent Introduction to Independent WritingWriting
To be done as an Assignment
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Independent WritingIndependent Writing
� Topics are based on common experience of people in general and students in particular
◦ No need for specialized knowledge
◦ You can agree, disagree or be neutral
◦◦ Time -30mins
◦Word limit- about 300
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Take careTake care
� Respond directly to the question
� Take a clear position
� Have a well organized essay
� Have proper examplesHave proper examples
� Have sentence variety
� Write correct sentence structure
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BrainstormingBrainstorming
� Once you know how you will answer the question in the prompt you can-
� Brainstorm—think up ideas—that will support your thesis.
Use one sheet of paper to list 3 to 5 reasons, � Use one sheet of paper to list 3 to 5 reasons, examples, or details that support your main idea.
� Write the essay in about 300 words in 30 mins
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George GilfillanLet us read good works often over. Some skip from
volume to volume, touching on all points, resting on
none. We hold, on the contrary, that, if a book be
worth reading once, it is worth reading twice, and that
if it stands a second reading, it may stand a third.