Microsoft Filipino Style Guide

Filipino Style Guide

Contents

What's New? .................................................................................................................................... 4

New Topics ................................................................................................................................... 4

Updated Topics ............................................................................................................................ 4

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 5

About This Style Guide ................................................................................................................ 5

Scope of This Document .............................................................................................................. 5

Style Guide Conventions .............................................................................................................. 5

Sample Text ................................................................................................................................. 6

Recommended Reference Material ............................................................................................. 7

Normative References .............................................................................................................. 7

Informative References ............................................................................................................. 8

Language Specific Conventions ...................................................................................................... 9

Country/Region Standards ........................................................................................................... 9

Characters ................................................................................................................................ 9

Date ........................................................................................................................................ 11

Time ........................................................................................................................................ 12

Numbers ................................................................................................................................. 14

Sorting ..................................................................................................................................... 19

Geopolitical Concerns ................................................................................................................ 23

Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions ......................................................................... 24

Adjectives ................................................................................................................................ 24

Articles .................................................................................................................................... 24

Capitalization .......................................................................................................................... 28

Compounds ............................................................................................................................. 29

Gender .................................................................................................................................... 31

Genitive ................................................................................................................................... 31

Modifiers ................................................................................................................................. 32

Nouns ...................................................................................................................................... 33

Prepositions ............................................................................................................................ 33

Pronouns ................................................................................................................................. 35

Punctuation ............................................................................................................................. 36

Singular & Plural ..................................................................................................................... 39

Split Infinitive ........................................................................................................................... 39

Subjunctive ............................................................................................................................. 39

Symbols & Non-Breaking Spaces ........................................................................................... 39

Syntax ..................................................................................................................................... 39

Verbs ....................................................................................................................................... 40

Word Order ............................................................................................................................. 43

Style and Tone Considerations .................................................................................................. 44

Audience ................................................................................................................................. 44

Style ........................................................................................................................................ 44

Tone ........................................................................................................................................ 44

Voice ....................................................................................................................................... 44

Localization Guidelines .................................................................................................................. 46

General Considerations ............................................................................................................. 46

Accessibility ............................................................................................................................ 47

Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ 47

Applications, Products, and Features ..................................................................................... 49

Frequent Errors ....................................................................................................................... 49

Glossaries ............................................................................................................................... 50

Fictitious Information ............................................................................................................... 51

Recurring Patterns .................................................................................................................. 51

Standardized Translations ...................................................................................................... 51

Unlocalized Items.................................................................................................................... 51

Using the Word Microsoft ....................................................................................................... 52

Software Considerations ............................................................................................................ 52

User Interface ......................................................................................................................... 53

Messages ................................................................................................................................ 53

Keys ........................................................................................................................................ 57

Document Translation Considerations ....................................................................................... 66

Titles ....................................................................................................................................... 67

Copyright ................................................................................................................................. 67

4

What's New?

Last Updated: February 2011

New Topics The following topics were added:

n/a

n/a

Updated Topics The following topics were updated:

n/a

n/a

5

Introduction

This Style Guide went through major revision in February 2011 in order to remove outdated and unnecessary

content. It contains information pertaining to all Microsoft products and services.

About This Style Guide The purpose of this Style Guide is to provide everybody involved in the localization of Filipino Microsoft products

with Microsoft-specific linguistic guidelines and standard conventions that differ from or are more prescriptive than

those found in language reference materials. These conventions have been adopted after considering context

based on various needs, but above all, they are easy to follow and applicable for all types of software to be

localized.

The Style Guide covers the areas of formatting, grammatical conventions, as well as stylistic criteria. It also

presents the reader with a general idea of the reasoning behind the conventions. The present Style Guide is a

revision of our previous Style Guide version with the intention of making it more standardized, more structured,

and easier to use as a reference.

The guidelines and conventions presented in this Style Guide are intended to help you localize Microsoft products

and materials. We welcome your feedback, questions and concerns regarding the Style Guide. You can send us

your feedback via the Microsoft Language Portal feedback page.

Scope of This Document This Style Guide is intended for the localization professional working on Microsoft products. It is not intended to

be a comprehensive coverage of all localization practices, but to highlight areas where Microsoft has preference

or deviates from standard practices for Filipino localization.

Style Guide Conventions In this document, a plus sign (+) before a translation example means that this is the recommended correct

translation. A minus sign (-) is used for incorrect translation examples.

In Microsoft localization context, the word term is used in a slightly untraditional sense, meaning the same as e.g.

a segment in Trados. The distinguishing feature of a term here is that it is translated as one unit; it may be a

traditional term (as used in terminology), a phrase, a sentence, or a paragraph.

References to interface elements really only refer to translatable texts associated with those interface elements.

Example translations in this document are only intended to illustrate the point in question. They are not a source

of approved terminology. Always check for approved translation in the Microsoft terminology database.

http://www.microsoft.com/Language/en-US/Feedback.aspx/

6

Sample Text Ang WIKA

Dinukal ng lipi... inusal ng lahi,

Kasangkapang banal sa pakikibati;

Landas ng isipan, tulay ng ugali...

Sumilang na Wikang taginting ng labi.

Buhat sa lagablab ng mga dantaon

Hanggang paraiso ng dakilang Quezon,

Minimithi-mithi't nilalayun-layon:

Ibansag ang Wika sa habang panahon.

Ang yaman ng Lahi'y dapat ipagbantog,

Diwa ni Balagtas ang kusang itampok;

Gamitin ang atin, ang Wikang Tagalog–

Ang wikang banyaga'y ariing panusog!

Bunga'y mahihinog kung ang diwa't gawa

ay magkakasukob sa payung-salita:

Bago ang halaman magbigay-biyaya–

Ulani't arawin sa dibdib ng tiyaga!

(Inunan ng Wika ay ating hanapin

Sa namuong bakas ng tubig at uling;

Baka masilayang Sanggol na ubanin

Sa Bagong Panahon itong Wika natin!

Sinulat ni:

NORLITO ISON CERVO

Panitik Binangonan

Balangay 47, KAWIKA

Pandayang Sikap

Binangonan, Rizal

Setyembre 15, 1974

Ang sumusunod ay salin ng artikulo tungkol kay G. Norlito Ison Cervo na inilathala sa isyu ng magasing Mr. & Ms.

noong ika-26 ng Abril, 1994.

Kung ang pag-uusapan ay tungkol sa mga propesyonal, hindi sa akademikong kahulugan ngunit sa pamamagitan

ng karanasan, pumuti na ang buhok Norlito Ison Cervo o 'Norling' sa paggawa ng mga gawain ng mga

http://norlitoisoncervo.blogspot.com/2008/11/ang-wika.html

7

karaniwang tao. "Marunong akong mag-electrician, magkaingin, maghukay ng kanal... lahat ng ginagawa ng

isang pangkaraniwang tao."

Si Ka Norling, ngayo‟y 61, ay tumutugtog din ng biyulin, silindro at yukelele. Binabakas siya ng kasaysayan

pabalik ng 1949 kung kailan nakagawian niyang magpakasiya sa pagsusulat ng mga tula at iskrip na pangkomiks.

Ang kanyang pambihirang pagkamagustuhin para sa kultura at antropolohiya ang nagdala sa kanya sa kanyang

katutubong ugat. Noong 1965, siya ay namuhunan sa mga ugnayang panlipunan sa pagiging “playing coach” /

reperi ng basketball sa Binangonan, ang kanyang tahanan. Nang sumunod na taon, natagpuan niya ang kanyang

sarili na nagtatrabaho para sa telebisyon. Kahit na hanggang noong Martial Law, dibersyon na niya ang gumawa

ng mga kuwentong pangkomiks. Isang retiradong superbisor ng paghahatid at punong-tagapagpasahod sa quarry

ng Rizal Cement Company, si Ka Norling ay nag-alay din ng kanyang panahon bilang isang “translator” o

tagasaling-wika sa Kagawaran ng Paggawa mula 1976 hanggang 1977. Noong Marso 15, 1988, ang kanyang

kauna-unahang artikulo para sa Mr. & Ms. na pinamagatang "Is Tagalog the Missing Language?" (o “Tagalog ba

ang Nawawalang Wika?”) ay lumabas sa apat na pahina, ispekulasyon sa kung paanong ang Tagalog ang naging

ina ng mga sinaunang wika.

Kahit na sa pagkain ng kanyang paboritong menudo at kanduli, o pangongolekta ng mga antik, pinanatiling-buhay

ni Ka Norling ang pambansang kamalayan. – AP

Sinipi ni:

MVQC

143 Mapagmahal St.,

Diliman

1101 Quezon City

Philippines

341-14344

Source: http://norlitoisoncervo.blogspot.com/

Nilikha noong ika-30 ng Enero, 2011 sa ganap na ika-9:00 n.g.

Recommended Reference Material Use the Filipino language and terminology as described and used in the following publications.

Normative References

These normative sources must be adhered to. Any deviation from them automatically fails a string in most cases.

When more than one solution is allowed in these sources, look for the recommended one in other parts of the

Style Guide.

1. Almario, Virgilio S. et. al, 2003. Patnubay sa Pagsasalin. 2nd

ed. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing, Inc. 2. Almario, Virgilio S., General Editor. 2001. UP Diksiyonaryong Filipino. Quezon City: Sentro ng

Wikang Filipino, University of the Philippines System. 3. Aspillera, Paraluman S., Basic Tagalog.Las Pinas City: M & L Licudine Enterprises 4. Diksyunaryo Filipino-English. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino 2000. 2

nd ed. Manila: Bertan Press.

http://norlitoisoncervo.blogspot.com/

8

5. Gaboy, Luciano L., English-Filipino Dictionary. Mandaluyong City: National Bookstore 6. Ramos, Teresita V. and Cena, Resty M, Modern Tagalog. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press 7. Santos, Vito C. et.al. 1995. New Vicassan’s English-Filipino Dictionary. Pasig City. Anvil Publishing,

Inc.

Informative References

These sources are meant to provide supplementary information, background, comparison, etc.

1. Almario, Virgilio S., et. al. 2003. Patnubay sa Pagsasalin. Pasig City; Anvil Publishing. 2nd

edition, National Commission for Culture and the Arts

2. Arrogante, Jose A, 2007. Retorika, Masining na Pagpapahayag. Original edition, Mandaluyong City: National Bookstore.

3. Buensuceso, Teresita S. and Espiritu, Jose D. Retorika, 2005. Manila; UST Publishing House. Revised Edition

4. English, Leo James, C.Ss.R. 2002. Tagalog-English Dictionary. Mandaluyong City: National Bookstore

5. Manwal sa Pagsasalin, 2003. 1st ed. Manila: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino

6. Consulta, Alfredo S. and Rosario, Benedicta Ma. 2008. Punctuation and Other Language Signals. Quezon City: ISA-JECHO Publishing, Inc.

7. Wikipedia – Tagalog grammar

9

Language Specific Conventions

This part of the style guide contains information about standards specific to Filipino.

Country/Region Standards Filipino use the English general rules with regard to standards for characters, date, time, etc.

Characters

Country/region Republic of the Philippines/The Philippines

Lower-case characters a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, ñ, ng, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z

Upper-case characters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, Ñ, NG, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z

Characters in caseless

scripts n/a

Extended Latin characters ñ (Ñ), ng (NG)

Note on alphabetical order The order of the English alphabet is followed, except that, letters “ñ” and “ng”

should be consecutively placed after letter “n” and before letter “o.”

Total number of characters 28

Unicode codes n/a

Notes

A 0041

a 0061

B 0042

b 0062

C 0043

c 0063

D 0044

d 0064

E 0045

e 0065

F 0046

f 0066

G 0047

g 0067

H 0048

h 0068

I 0049

10


i 0069

J 004a

j 006a

K 004b

k 006b

L 004c

l 006c

M 004d

m 006d

N 004e

n 006e

Ñ 00d1

ñ 00f1

NG 004e, 0047

ng 006e, 0067

O 004f

o 006f

P 0050

p 0070

Q 0051

q 0071

R 0052

r 0072

S 0053

s 0073

T 0054

t 0074

U 0055

u 0075

V 0056

v 0076

W 0057

w 0077

X 0058

x 0078

y 0079

Z 005a

z 007a

11

Date


Calendar/Era Roman/Christian (Anno Domini, A.D.)

First Day of the Week Sunday

First Week of the Year 01 to 07 January

Separator Period (.); Dash (-); Backslash (/) (Please see the Note below)

Default Short Date

Format MM-dd-yyyy

Example 03-17-2011

Default Long Date Format mmmm dd, yyyy

Example March 17, 2011

Additional Short Date

Format 1 mmm. dd, yyyy

Example Mar. 17, Mar. 2011

Additional Short Date

Format 2 n/a

Example n/a

Additional Long Date

Format 1 ddth mmmm, yyyy

Example 17th March, 2011

Additional Long Date

Format 2 n/a

Example n/a

Leading Zero in Day

Field for Short Date

Format

Yes

Leading Zero in Month

Field for Short Date

Format

Yes

No. of digits for year for

Short Day Format 4

Leading Zero in Day Field Yes

12


for Long Date Format

Leading Zero in Month

Field for Long Date

Format

n/a

Number of digits for year

for Long Day Format 4

Date Format for

Correspondence MMMM dd, yyyy

Example March 17, 2011

Notes

All of the Date Separators indicated above are used freely. There is no

specific rule as to which of these separators will be used as the standard.

Generally, however, the dash (-) is used as the separator

Abbreviations in Format

Codes

d is for day, number of d's indicates the format (d = digits without leading zero, dd =

digits with leading zero, ddd = the abbreviated day name, dddd = full day name)

M is for month, number of M's gives number of digits. (M = digits without leading

zero, MM = digits with leading zero, MMM = the abbreviated name, MMMM = full

name)

y is for year, number of y's gives number of digits (yy = two digits, yyyy = four digits)

Time


24 hour format No

Standard time format HH:mm:ss

Standard time format

example 01:55:16

Time separator Colon ( : )

Time separator examples 03:24:12

Hours leading zero Yes

Hours leading zero example 03:24:12

String for AM designator n.u. (ng umaga, i.e. in the morning)

String for PM designator n.h. (ng hapon, i.e. in the afternoon;

n.g. (ng gabi, i.e. in the evening)

13


Notes n/a

Days

Country/region: Republic of the Philippines/The Philippines

Day Normal Form Abbreviation

Monday Lunes Lun.

Tuesday Martes Mar.

Wednesday Miyerkules Miy.

Thursday Huwebes Huw.

Friday Biyernes Biy.

Saturday Sabado Sab.

Sunday Linggo Lin.

First Day of Week: Linggo (Sunday)

Is first letter capitalized?: Yes

Notes: n/a

Months


Month Full Form Abbreviated Form Long Date Form

January Enero Ene. Enero

February Pebrero Peb. Pebrero

March Marso Mar. Marso

April Abril Abr. Abril

May Mayo May. Mayo

June Hunyo Hun. Hunyo

July Hulyo Hul. Hulyo

August Agosto Ago. Agosto

14

Month Full Form Abbreviated Form Long Date Form

September Setyembre Set. Setyembre

October Oktubre Okt. Oktubre

November Nobyembre Nob. Nobyembre

December Disyembre Dis. Disyembre

Is first letter capitalized?: Yes

Notes: Full Form and Long Date Format are the same.

Numbers

The numbers in Filipino language are of two forms. The first one was native to Tagalog language and the other is

Tagalog version of Spanish numbers. For example, when a person refers to the number "seven", it can be

translated to Tagalog language as "pito" or "syete" (Sp. siete).

Number Cardinal Borrowed word

from Spanish

Ordinal

1 isa uno una

2 dalawa dos pangalawa / ikalawa (or ikadalawa in some

informal compositions)

3 tatlo tres pangatlo / ikatlo

4 apat kwatro pang-apat / ikaapat

5 lima singko panglima o panlima / ikalima

6 anim sais pang-anim / ikaanim

7 pito syete pangpito o pampito / ikapito

8 walo otso pangwalo / ikawalo

9 siyam nuwebe pangsiyam / ikasiyam

10 sampu diyes pangsampu / ikasampu

11 labing-isa onse panglabing-isa / ikalabing-isa

12 labingdalawa dose panglabingdalawa / ikalabingdalawa

13 labingtatlo trese panglabingtatlo / ikalabingtatlo

14 labing-apat katorse panglabing-apat / ikalabing-apat

15 labinglima kinse panglabinglima / ikalabinglima

15


from Spanish

Ordinal

16 labing-anim disisais panglabing-anim / ikalabing-anim

17 labingpito disisyete panglabingpito / ikalabingpito

18 labingwalo disi-otso panglabingwalo / ikalabingwalo

19 labingsiyam disinuwebe panglabingsiyam / ikalabingsiyam

20 dalawampu bente / beinte pangdalawampu / ikadalawampu

30 tatlumpu trenta / treinta pangtatlumpu / ikatatlumpu

40 apatnapu kwarenta pang-apatnapu / ikaapatnapu

50 limampu singkwenta panglimampu / ikalimampu

60 animnapu sisenta pang-animnapu / ikaanimnapu

70 pitumpu sitenta pangpitumpu / ikapitumpu

80 walumpu otsenta pangwalumpu / ikawalumpu

90 siyamnapu nubenta pangsiyamnapu / ikasiyamnapu

100 isang daan siyento pang-isang daan / ikaisang daan

200 dalawang daan dos syentos pangdalawang daan / ikadalawang daan

300 tatlong daan tres syentos pangtatlong daan / ikatatlong daan

400 apat na raan kwatro syentos pang-apat na raan / ikaapat na raan

500 limang daan singko syentos /

kinyentos

panglimang daan / ikalimang daan

600 anim na raan sais syentos pang-anim na raan . ikaanim na raan

700 pitong daan syete syentos pangpitong daan / ikapitong daan

800 walong daan otso syentos pangwalong daan / ikawalong daan

900 siyam na raan nwebe syentos pangsiyam na raan / ikasiyam na raan

1,000 isang libo mil pang-isang libo / ikaisang libo

1,500 isang libo‟t

limang daan

mil kinyentos pang-isang libo‟t limang daan / ikaisang libo‟t

limang daan / pangmil kinyentos / ikamil

kinyentos

2,000 dalawang libo dos mil pangdalawang libo / ikadalawang libo /

pangdos mil / ikados mil

3,000 tatlong libo tres mil pangtatlong libo / ikatatlong libo / pangtres mil /

16


from Spanish

Ordinal

ikatres mil

4,000 apat na libo kwatro mil pang-apat na libo / ikaapat na libo /

pangsingko mil / ikasingko mil

5,000 limang libo singko mil panglimang libo / ikalimang libo / pangsingko

mil / ikasingko mil

Notes: Never use a hyphen in between "ika" and the number-word but always use it when combined with

number.)

Phone Numbers

Country/re

gion

Internation

al Dialing

Code

Area

Codes

Used?

Number of

Digits – Area

Codes

Separator Number of

Digits –

Domestic

Digit

Groupings –

Domestic

Republic of

the

Philippines/

The

Philippines

63 Yes

2

Dash ( - ) 9 (##) ###-####

Country/re

gion

Number of

Digits –

Local

Digit

Groupings

– Local

Number of

Digits – Mobile

Digit

Groupings –

Mobile

Number of

Digits –

International

Digit

Groupings –

International

Republic of

the

Philippines/

The

Philippines

7

###-####

11 (####) ###

####

10 +63(###)-###-

#### (mobile)

+63(##)-###-

#### (local)

Notes: n/a

Addresses


Disclaimer: Please note that the information in this entry should under no circumstances be used in examples as

fictitious information.

17

In writing Philippine addresses, a title or honorific is commonly added before the person‟s full name. The name of

the company where the person works can also be included, followed by the building name, building number,

name of the street and the barangay where the building is located, the city or municipality where the barangay is

located and, in most cases, the province where the city or municipality is located. In the case of Metro Manila,

however, provinces are omitted while in the case of Manila, include the district instead of the barangay. ZIP codes

are also part of the typical Philippine address.

Address Format:

1. [Title/Honorific] First Name Last Name

2. [CompanyName]

3. Address1

4. [Address2]

5. [CountryCode-] PostalCode City

6. [Country]

Example Address:

Miss Jane C. Dela Cruz

Halimbawa Corporation

104 Makabayan Street

Sampaloc

1008 Manila

Philippines

Local Postal Code Format: As of the year 2006, all postal codes in the Philippines consist of four-digit numbers

without any extensions. The cities in Metro Manila use more than one code while towns and cities outside Metro

Manila are assigned with only one code per town or city.

Notes: n/a

Currency


Currency Symbol ₱; Php

Currency Symbol Position Before the numbers

Positive Currency Format Php##,###.##

Negative Sign Symbol -

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampaloc,_Manila

18

Negative Currency Format -Php##,###.##

Decimal Symbol .

Number of Digits after Decimal 2

Digit Grouping Symbol ,

Number of Digits in Digit

Grouping 3

Positive Currency Example Php12,345.60

Negative Currency Example -Php12,345.60

ISO Currency Code PHP

Currency Subunit Name centavo

Currency Subunit Symbol n/a

Currency Subunit Example n/a

Digit Groups


Decimal Separator: .

Decimal Separator Description: Period

Decimal Separator Example: 12,000.00

Thousand Separator: ,

Thousand Separator Description: Comma

Thousand Separator Example: 12,000.00

Notes: n/a

Measurement Units

Metric System Commonly Used?: Yes

Temperature: Celsius

Category English Translation Abbreviation

Linear Measure Kilometer Kilometro km.

Meter Metro m.

Decimeter Desimetro dm.

19

Category English Translation Abbreviation

Centimeter Sentimetro cm.

Millimeter Milimetro mm.

Capacity Hectoliter n/a n/a

Liter Litro l.

Deciliter Desilitro dl.

Centiliter Sentilitro sl.

Milliliter Mililitro ml.

Mass Ton Tonelada tn.

Kilogram Kilo kg.

Pound Libra lb.

Gram Gramo g.

Decigram Desigramo dg.

Centigram Sentigramo cg.

Milligram Miligramo mg

English Units of

Measurement

Inch Pulgada in.

Feet Piye ft.

Mile Milya mi.

Gallon Galon gal.

Notes: n/a

Percentages

The Filipino language follows the English rules for percentages. In Software localization the percentage symbol

(%) is frequently used as a placeholder. Do not modify or remove placeholders. Follow general software

localization guidelines and rules.

Sorting

Sorting rules

Please refer to the book, A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations,

sixth edition, 9.14 to 9.26, for a detailed discussion on this matter. The rules indicated therein

must be strictly adhered to.

20

The Filipino language follows the English rules for sorting characters

Sorting should be done in this order:

1. Numbers 2. Non-numeric or Nun-alphabetic characters 3. Letters

(Kindly see the example below)

Character

sorting order

A 65

a 97

B 66

b 98

C 67

c 99

D 68

d 100

E 69

e 101

F 70

f 102

G 71

g 103

H 72

h 104

I 73

i 105

J 74

j 106

K 75

k 107

L 76

l 108

M 77

m 109

N 78

n 110

Ñ 209

ñ 241

NG 78, 71

ng 110, 103

O 79

21

o 111

P 80

p 112

Q 81

q 113

R 82

r 114

S 83

s 115

T 84

t 116

U 85

u 117

V 86

v 118

W 87

w 119

X 88

x 120

y 121

Z 90

z 122

Examples of

sorted words

1

@

Aaron

andere

ändere

chaque

chemin

cote

coté

côte

côté

čučēt

Czech

hiša

irdisch

lävi

22

lie

lire

llama

lõug

Löwen

lòza

Lübeck

luč

luck

lye

Männer

màšta

mîr

möchten

myndig

piña

pint

pylon

sämtlich

šàran

savoir

Šerbūra

Sietla

ślub

subtle

symbol

väga

verkehrt

vox

waffle

wood

yen

yuan

yucca

ţal

23

ţena

Ţenēva

zoo

Zürich

Zviedrija

zysk

zzlj

zzlz

zznj

zznz

Geopolitical Concerns Part of the cultural adaptation of the US-product to a specific market is the resolving of geopolitical issues. While

the US-product should have been designed and developed with neutrality and a global audience in mind, the

localized product should respond to the particular situation that applies within the target country/region.

Sensitive issues or issues that might potentially be offensive to the users in the target country/region may occur in

any of the following:

Maps

Flags

Country/region, city and language names

Art and graphics

Cultural content, such as encyclopedia content and other text where historical or political references may

occur

Some of these issues are relatively easy to verify and resolve: the objective should be for the localizer to always

have the most current information available. Maps and other graphic representations of countries/regions and

regions should be checked for accuracy and existing political restrictions. Country/region, city and language

names change on a regular basis and need to be checked, even if previously approved.

A thorough understanding of the culture of the target market is required for checking the appropriateness of

cultural content, clip art and other visual representations of religious symbols, body and hand gestures.

Guideline

As country/region and city names can change, please use the most up-to-date Filipino list for every release of

your product.

24

Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions This section includes information on how to apply the general rules of the Filipino language to Microsoft products

and documentation.

Adjectives

In Filipino, adjectives should be handled in the following manner.

There are 3 degrees of adjective in Filipino namely Neutral, Comparative and Superlative.

Neutral adjectives – these are the standard or regular type of adjective

Regular type:

Ex. (+) Malaki, mabagal, mabilis

As noun modifier

Ex. +) Malaking file, mabagal na koneksyon, mabilis na download

As a predicate of an Adjectival Sentence

Ex. (+) Malaki ang file, mabagal na koneksyon sa internet, mabilis na download ng file

Comparative adjectives – these are used when comparing different things.

Equal comparison:

Ex. (+) Magkasing laki ang file, Kasing laki ang file, Singlaki ang file.

Unequal comparison:

Ex. (+) Mas malaki ang file ng video kaysa sa file ng dokumento

Superlative adjective – this is the highest degree of an adjective

Ex. (+) Ang laki-laki ng file, Ang bagal-bagal ng koneksyon, Ang bilis-bilis ng download

(+) Pagkalaki-laki ng file, Pagkabagal-bagal ng koneksyon, Pagkabilis-bilis ng download

(+) Ubod ng laki ang file, Saksakan ng bagal ang koneksyon, Ganap na mabilis ang

download

Possessive adjectives

The frequent use of possessives is a feature of English language. However in Filipino, possessive adjective

describes a noun by telling whom it belongs to or answer the question whose.

Articles

General considerations

The definite article is "ang" (meaning "the").

The indefinite articles are "isang" ("one" or "a/an"); "ilang"/"mga" ("some"); "alinman" ("any").

Many error messages in English vary with regard to the use of articles, demonstrative and possessive pronouns.

Please be consistent in how you deal with such variation in Filipino.

25

English example Filipino example Explanation

File already exists

The file already exists

This file already exists

(+) Mayroon nang file

In complete sentences, use

determiners consistently even if the

US string does not.

Not enough memory to complete

this operation.

(+) Walang sapat na memory para

kumpletuhin ang operasyon.

No need to use a demonstrative

construction, unless it is important

in context.

Windows Vista cannot start your

system. If the problem persists,

contact your network administrator.

(+) Hindi mapagana ng Windows

Vista ang system. Kung

magpapatuloy ang problema,

kontakin ang tagapangasiwa ng

network.

Avoid using possessive marker

“your” unless ownership is

important in context.

In Filipino, there are markers that mark nouns or noun phrases in a sentence. These markers introduce nouns as

subject (topic) or non-subject (non-topic). The following table summarizes markers and possessive pronouns.

Noun Markers

Non-subject Subject

Non-personal

singular ng sa ang

plural ng mga sa mga ang mga

Personal

singular ni kay si

plural nina kina sina

Unlocalized Feature Names

Microsoft product names and non-translated feature names are used without definite or indefinite articles in the

English language. The general rule is that product names are not translated if they include the word Microsoft

and/or are trademarked (for example, Microsoft Draw or Microsoft Graph). The Microsoft PM and/or Subsidiary

should always be contacted for final approval before you translate a product or component name.

The terms “Microsoft,” “Windows,” and “Office” must always remain unlocalized; however, these terms may be

transliterated if you receive approval for the appropriate Microsoft PM and Subsidiary. Refer to the section of this

Style Guide that discusses trademarks for the complete list of product and component names that must remain in

26

English. Ensure that you apply the chosen product terminology consistently throughout your translation of a set of

content or an interface.

Microsoft product names are usually trademarked and remain unlocalized. Product names and non-translated

feature names are considered proper nouns and are used without definite or indefinite articles in English. For

instance, attaching a genitive “s” to trademarked product names is not feasible as it could be interpreted as a

modification of such names. Additions to a product or component name are either added with a hyphen or a

periphrastic construction needs to be used. For example, instead of expressing a possessive relationship by using

the genitive marker “s” in English, a periphrastic construction should be used:

(-) Microsoft‟s products

Microsoft products

Products by Microsoft

For Filipino, these constructions use the „ng‟ structure.

Product names and non-translated feature names should also be treated as proper nouns in Filipino.

English example Filipino example

Windows Mail shares your Internet Connection

settings with Internet Explorer

(+) Ibinabahagi ng Windows Mail ang iyong mga

setting sa Internet Connection sa Internet Explorer

Website addresses will be sent to Microsoft (+) Ipapadala ang mga address ng website sa

Microsoft

By contrast, translated feature names are used with a definite or indefinite article as they are not treated as proper

names. In Filipino, this would mean marking them appropriately with „ang‟, 'ng‟ or „sa‟.


Hide the Task Manager when it is minimized (+) Itatago ang Task Manager kapag ito ay pinaliit

Check for updates in your installed Media Player's

language

(+) Tingnan ang mga update sa iyong na-install na

linggwahe ng Media Player

Copyright protection is granted to any original work of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression from

which it can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated.

27

The following translations must be used:

English text Filipino translation

Copyright (+) Karapatang-sipi

All rights reserved (+) Nakalaan ang lahat ng karapatan

Microsoft Corporation (+) Microsoft Corporation

Localized Feature Names

Feature names are considered proper nouns and kept in English.

Example: „Cut‟ – “I-cut”

„Paste‟ – “I-paste”

Articles for English Borrowed Terms

When faced with an English loan word previously used in Microsoft products, consider the following options:

Motivation: Does the English word have any formally motivated features that would allow a

straightforward integration into the noun class system of Filipino language?

As a general rule, when there is a word available in Filipino, use it. However, if there is no Filipino word

available and in cases where it is appropriate, foreign words may be used in their original form.

Analogy: Is there an equivalent Filipino term whose article could be used?

Instead of using transliteration, words that do not have bonafide or even well-known Filipino equivalents

should instead be left in English as a last resort. However, there are a select few transliterations that have

become well-known/well-used by Filipino speakers, and are expected by the same speakers to be used

instead of the source English. The ability to differentiate rests on the translator, thus it is very essential

that translators should reside in the target market (Philippines) so as to stay attuned to ever-changing

lingusitic trends.

Frequency: Is the term used in other technical documentation? If so, what article is used most often?

The internet may be a helpful reference here.

A word is borrowed wholly in its original form under the following conditions:

Condition Examples

Proper nouns Microsoft

Mail for Exchange

Borrowed words from English which are widely used throughout hotline

the world and have international recognizability fax

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Capitalization

If the first word in the English source string is capitalized, the corresponding first word in the target language

should also be capitalized. If the word in the English source string is not capitalized, the corresponding first word

in the target language should also not be capitalized, unless language-specific rules specify different

capitalization.

Some strings are concatenated “at run-time” and you will occasionally find strings that seem to lack a subject or

simply start in the middle. Be careful not to start such strings with an upper-case letter, unless the spelling rules of

your language require it.

Example of a string:

is trying to connect to this computer. If you allow, you will be disconnected, but you can resume later. Do

you want to allow this connection?\r\n

Filipino:

ay sinusubukang kumunekta sa computer na ito. Kung hahayaan mo, madidiskunekta ka, pero muli kang

makakapagpatuloy. Pahihintulutan mo ba ang koneksyon na ito?\r\n

Many more nouns and verbs are capitalized in the English source string than would normally be expected. You

should not try to mimic the capitalization in the source strings, but use your knowledge of the spelling conventions

of Filipino to decide which words in a string to capitalize and which to leave lower-case. Over-capitalization is

awkward and leads to inconsistencies in the UI.

Should an English noun be capitalized in the source string and be translated by two words in the target language,

be consistent in capitalizing according to the rules below. Be consistent in the application of spelling rules.

Here are a few of the relevant rules on capitalization.

Rules for Capitalizing Content

Sentences and Phrases 1. Capitalize the first word of a sentence. 2. When the first word of a source phrase is capitalized, capitalize the first word of the translation phrase. 3. When the entire sentence or phrase of the source text is capitalized, only the significant words in the

translated sentence or phrase are capitalized. The three (or fewer) lettered words like markers, particles and linkers are not capitalized unless it is the first word of the phrase or sentence.

4. When the translation of a capitalized source term is a hyphenated compound word, only the first word is capitalized.

5. When the translation of a word is a phrase, the significant words in the said translation phrase are translated according to Rule #3.

Individual words 1. When the source text is capitalized 2. Capitalize proper nouns (names of people, places, product names, organizations, languages, etc.) 3. Trademarks or product names

29

4. Names of national, political, racial, social, civic and athletic groups or organizations. 5. Abbreviations and acronyms in the source text. 6. Geographic regions but not directions


Manage IP Safelists (+) Pangasiwaan ang mga Safelist ng IP

GALSync 2010 Known Issues (+) Mga Natukoy na Isyu sa GALSync 2010

Log off user (+) I-log off ang gumagamit

Sample Welcome Message (+) Halimbawa ng Pagbating Mensahe

Learn About Changing Your Voice Mail Settings (+) Alamin ang Tungkol sa Pagbabago ng Iyong Mga

Setting ng Voice Mail

Message, Mailbox, and Recipient Limits (+) Mga Limitasyon sa Mensahe, Mailbox, at

Tagatanggap

Compounds

Generally, compounds should be understandable and clear to the user. Overly long or complex compounds

should be avoided. Keep in mind that unintuitive compounds are ultimately an intelligibility and usability issue.

Noun and verb compounds are a frequent word formation strategy in English. Product user interfaces, online help,

and documentation contain a number of such examples. However, not all languages use compounding to create

complex word meanings.

There are different ways of compounding as a strategy of word formation. These could be through affixation and

combination of words.

Affixation:

There are many affixes that could add other meanings to a root word. Aside from the usual focus related affixes,

Filipino has many word forming affixes that could be used in forming compounds which could also be used to

shorten lengthy translations. The most helpful reference for these affixes is the list of affixes listed in Filipino-

English dictionaries, and the most extensive list is in English-Filipino Dictionary by L.L. Gaboy.

Below are examples of the relevant affixes:

Affixes Meaning Examples

-an, -han Noun forming affix to indicate place of, to/from

whom to, utility

English equivalent: „where/whom to + root‟

(+) lalagyan – container

(+) padadalhan – whom to send to

(+) bibigyan – whom to give to

de- Indicate quality of possession of quality (+) de-kuryente – electric

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Affixes Meaning Examples

mentioned in the root word

English equivalent: -d, -ed, -ic

(+) de-kahon – boxed

(+) de-lata – canned

di- Adjective or adverb indicating negative of the

root word

English equivalent: un-, dis-, non-

(+) di-konektado – disconnected

(+) di-tapos – unfinished

(+) di-katanggap-tanggap –

unacceptable

pagka- Indicates character, condition, manner (how it

is…)

English equivalent: -ity, -ship,-hood, -ness

(+) pagkakagawa – workmanship

(+) pagkakakabit – how it is connected

(+) pagkakakonekta – connectivity

ika- indicates cause or reason (+) ikasisira – reason of breakdown

ka- Indicates recently completed action

English equivalent: „has just…‟

(+) kapipindot – has just pressed

(+) kalilipat –has just transferred

Ipang-, ipam-, ipan-

Pang-, pam-, pan-

Indicates utility

English equivalent: to be used for / use for

(+) ipang-edit – use to edit

(+) ipansulat / ipanulat – use to write

(+) ipambasa / ipangbasa – use to read

naka- Adjective forming affix for verb roots

English equivalent: -ed, -ing

(+) nakahanda – prepared

(+) nakakabit – attached

(+) nakakonekta – connected

pag- Noun forming affix

English equivalent: „-ing‟, „-ent‟

(+) pagpapahusay -improvement

[‘mag-‘/mang-] + 1st

syllable of rw+ rw

Indicates profession, work

English equivalent: „-er‟, „-ian‟

(+) manlalaro - player

(+) manunulat – writer

(+) manggagamot –doctor/physician

Combination of words:

When combining words, you need to link them properly to form grammatically accurate phrase. When the

translation is an adjectival phrase, it is necessary to use linkers. For this section, a linker is a word that links a

product or a component name with the other additions of the phrase. The linkers are 'na', „-ng‟, and '-g‟ .

There are specific rules when to use these:

The linker „na‟ is used when the word that precedes it ends in a consonant

The linker „-ng‟ is used as a suffix when the word that precedes it ends in a vowel

The linker „-g‟ is used as a suffix when the word that precedes it ends in 'n'

31

Here are some examples how these are used:


multimedia files (+) mga file na multimedia

Visual Basic project (+) proyektong Visual Basic

portable computer (+) bitbiting computer

e-mail message (+) mensaheng e-mail

Digital license (+) Lisensiyang digital

Other words used for compounding are „ng‟ (of) and „sa‟(in, on, at, by, etc). Below are some examples:

English examples Filipino example

Internet Accounts (+) Mga Account sa Internet

Logon script processing (+) Pagproseso ng script sa pag-logon

Workgroup Administrator (+) Tagapangasiwa ng Workgroup

Internet News Server Name (+) Pangalan ng Server ng Balita sa Internet

For all of these linguistic features and grammatical rules, please refer to Basic Tagalog by P.S. Aspillera, Modern

Tagalog by Teresita V. Ramos and Resty M. Cena and other grammar books of Teresia V. Ramos.

Gender

There are three genders for the Filipino language - masculine, feminine and neuter. On the other hand, Filipino

does not distinguish gender in referent words, such as pronouns. For example, "she" and "he" in English is

equivalent to "siya" in Filipino, which means "that person" (no specific gender). Also, "hers" and "his" in English is

equivalent to "kanya" in Filipino, which means "belonging to that person" (again, no specific gender).

Example:

He is a boy. (+) Siya ay lalaki.

She is a girl. (+) Siya ay babae.

The dolls is hers. (+) Kanya ang manika.

The man is playing with his dog. (+) Ang lalaki ay nakikipaglaro sa kanyang aso.

Genitive

Tagalog does not distinguish gender for the singular third person unlike English's he, she, and it. Tagalog

pronouns have nominative (subjective), two objective, and genitive (possessive) cases. The table below lists all of

http://www.fact-index.com/n/no/nominative_case.html

http://www.fact-index.com/g/ge/genitive_case.html

32

these cases, some of which are accompanied by contracted forms. The apostrophe is actually a formality and is

almost always left out in written texts.

Ex.

Singular Plural

First person akin amin

First-second person - atin

Second person iyo inyo

Third person kaniya or kanila

kan‟ya

Convention 1 (e.g. Attaching a genitive "s" to (trademarked) product names is not feasible, as it could be

interpreted as a modification of such names.)

In the example below the term „ng‟ serves as genitive marker or simply „of‟ in English.

Example: Window‟s server

Translation: Server ng Window

Modifiers

In Tagalog, a word can take the role of both an adverb and an adjective.

Adjectives modify nouns by the linker na. However if na follows a word ending in a vowel or glottal stop or the

letter N, then it becomes suffixed to that word as -ng. The adjective can either come before or come after the

word it modifies. Adverbs modify verbs by following the verb and being marked by nang or preceding the verb

with the linkers na or -ng, which is optional.

The word mabilís (fast) is used as an example below:

(+) Mabilís ang koneksyon.

"The connection is fast."

(+) Ang koneksyong mabilís.

"The fast connection."

(+) Kumukunekta ang internet nang mabilís.

"The internet connects fast."

But note also: Mabilís kumunekta ang internet. "Inernet connects fast."

Modifiers can be a stand-alone rootword or the rootword can be affixed: basâ (wet), buháy (alive), patáy (dead),

hinóg (ripe), pangit (ugly), pulá (red), putî (white), and itím (black). The most common modifier prefix is ma-:

matandâ (old), mataás (high), maliít (little), malakí (big), mabahò (smelly), masaráp (delicious), malakás (strong),

and mapulá (reddish).

Other affixes denote different meanings. For example pinaká- is the superlative; pinakamalakás (strongest).

Another is nakasalamín (bespectacled, wearing glasses).

33

Nouns

General considerations

While Tagalog nouns are not inflected, they are usually preceded by case-marking particles. These follow an

Austronesian alignment (also known as a 'trigger' system) which is unique to the Philippines and neighboring

islands. There are three basic cases: direct (or absolutive, often inaccurately labeled the nominative), indirect

(which may function as an ergative, accusative, or genitive), and oblique.

Source: Wikipedia

Example:

Direct Indirect Oblique Locative

Common singular ang, 'yung (iyong) ng, n'ung (niyong) sa nasa

Common plural ang mgá, 'yung mgá ng mgá, n'ung mgá sa mgá nasa mga

(iyong mgá) (niyong mgá)

Personal singular si ni kay na kay

Personal plural sina nina kina nakina

Inflection

This section does not apply to Filipino.

Plural Formation

For plurals, add mga immediately before the noun.

Example:

Files – (+) Mga file

Emails – (+) Mga email

Prepositions

Pay attention to the correct use of the preposition in translations. Influenced by the English language, many

translators omit them or change the word order.

Prepositional phrases in English need to be translated according to their context; anglicisms should be avoided.

The table below contains frequently used verbs and the prepositions that follow them. Please use this table as a

reference.

The preposition in Filipino is only rendered by one word - „sa‟. This is used to convey the concept of English

prepositions 'in, on, to, from, for, through, etc.' However, it is clearer to use the words „mula sa‟, 'galing sa' to

mean from.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflection

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_%28grammar%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_alignment

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_case

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutive_case

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominative

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative_case

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accusative_case

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitive

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblique_case

34

US Expression Filipino Expression Comment

migrate to (+) Ilipat sa

Migrate from (+) Ilipat mula sa „mula‟ or „galing‟ could be used

import to (+) i-import sa

import from (+) i-import mula sa „mula‟ or „galing‟ could be used

export to (+) i-export sa

export from (+) i-export mula sa

update to (+) I-update sa

upgrade to (+) i-upgrade sa

change to

change from (+) palitan sa

Take note that „palitan‟ is to change

to, and „ipalit‟ is 'replace with'

click on (+) i- click sa / mag-click sa

connect to

connect from

(+) ikonekta sa

(+) ikonekta mula sa

welcome to ... (+) Welcome sa…

The examples below contain frequently occurring noun phrases that are preceded by a preposition. Please use

this table as a reference.

US-English expression Filipino expression Comment

In the toolbar (+) sa toolbar

„sa‟ is the equivalent for all of the

prepositions in English

on the tab (+) sa tab

on the menu (+) sa menu

on the net (+) sa net

on the Internet (+) sa internet

on the Web (+) sa web

on a web site (+) sa web site

on a web page (+) sa pahina ng web

35

Pronouns

Personal pronouns are used to replace noun phrases that refer to person(s). However, many young Filipino-

speakers in the Philippines nowadays use these pronouns to refer to other animate and inanimate nouns. This is

a colloquial usage and translators are advised to limit the use of these pronouns to refer only to people.

First person pronouns refer to the person who is doing the speaking.

1. When there is only one person referred to, the singular form of the pronoun is used (Ex.: I).

2. When more than one person is refferred to the plural form is used.

Second person pronouns refer to the person being spoken to (Ex.: you).

Third person pronouns refer to someone who is neither the speaker, nor the listener. This kind of pronouns

refers to someone who is outside the conversation (e.g. him, they).

There are different markers that indicate if a noun is in focus (ANG), not in focus (NG), or involved with directions

(SA), and there is also a pronoun that is in focus, a pronoun that is not focused, and a pronoun that is involved

with direction.

Even if the markers specify the cases of nouns, the word order is not free and words are arranged in P-S-O order.

The order can be re-arranged with the use of "ay" marker, but without it, the verb should come first then the

subject or the agent that does the act, and the object will be placed at the end of the sentence.

When the noun indicates plural objects, "mga" will precede the noun and placed right after the markers (as in "ang

mga mensahe").

If the following noun is a person's name, the marker should be replaced respectively with the following:

si (ANG form)

ni (NG form)

kay (SA form)

In case of pronouns, each pronoun has all three cases as in:

Ako – ko – akin ( I – my – me )

Note that there are inclusive and exclusive "we" or first person plural.

"Kami" indicates that the speaker intends to exclude the listener.

Now, if the listener is included, "tayo" should be used.

There are only two (2) English demonstratives, namely, "this" and "that"; whereas Filipino demonstratives make a

clear distinction of "iyan" and "iyon".

All of these demonstratives take the ANG/NG/SA forms such as:

ito – nito – dito

iyan – niyan – diyan

iyon – noon – doon

Alternatively, for cases wherein the demonstratives follow vowel-ending words, the SA form has the rito, riyan,

and roon variations.

36

Punctuation

This section explains how to use Filipino-specific punctuation in place of the US-English punctuation found in the

source interface and content.

The Filipino language follows the English rules for the use of basic punctuation marks. When localizing, please

adhere to the punctuation basic rules of English.

The 2001 Revision of the Alphabet and Spelling Guide of Filipino Language (Patnubay sa Ispeling ng Wikang

Filipino) issued by the Commission on Filipino Language provides some general rules on the proper use of

commas, hyphen and other punctuations. For the complete list of the punctuations and how these are used, you

could also refer to the recommended Punctuation and Other Language Signals and Retorika references listed in

the Informative References section.

Comma

The Filipino language follows the English rules for the use commas.

Make sure to include a space after the commas.

Example: (+) Marso 27, 2010

Colon

Use colons to inform the reader that the following proves, explains or simply provides elements of what is referred

to before.

Use a colon after a statement that introduces a list.

Use a colon in expressions of time.

Example: (+) 7:30 n.g.

Do not use colons if the introduction is not a complete sentence and one of the items in the list is needed to

complete the thought.

Do not use a colon to separate a verb from its objects.

Do not use colon after “such as”.

Do not use a colon to separate a preposition from its objects.

Example:

(+) He was in charge of reservation, registration and room assignments.

(-) He was in charge of: reservation, registration and room assignments.

Dashes and Hyphens

Three different dash characters are used in English:

37

Hyphen

The hyphen is used to divide words between syllables, to link parts of a compound word, and to connect the parts

of an inverted or imperative verb form. The hyphen is the shortest of the three dash characters.

Hyphens are used in many ways, not only in word segmentation. In the translations of the weather seasons, the hyphen is used (e.g. "Tag-ulan") to denote that it is the "season of raining" ("ulan" means rain).

Another use of the hyphen is to denote someone or something that does a task or function, for example: "taga-buhat" means "carrier" where "buhat" means "to carry".

Another use of the hyphen is to denote the English word "should" or "ought" before a verb, for example: "mag-ingat" means "take caution" where "ingat" means "caution".

Another use of the hyphen is to denote the continuing occurrence of a present-tense verb or action, for example: "tumatakbo-takbo" means "running continuously" or "running intermittently", where "takbo" means "to run".

En Dash

The en dash is used as a minus sign, usually with spaces before and after. It is longer than a hyphen but shorter

than an em dash.

Example: (+) 10 – 5 = 5

The en dash is also used in number ranges, such as those specifying page numbers. No spaces are used around

the en dash in this case.

Example: (+) 1966–2011

Em Dash

The em dash should only be used to emphasize an isolated element or introduce an element that is not essential

to the meaning conveyed by the sentence -- it is used to indicate a break in a sentence.

It is also used to set off a parenthetical element that explains or amplifies.

Use an em dash to separate a noun or a series of nouns from a clause summarizing them.

Denote an open range, such as a date range with no ending date.

Example:

(+) “sa lahat ng mga kapatid na naririto -- magkakasama kaming bumabati sa mga iglesya”

Ellipses (Suspension Points)

Ellipsis is a mark or series of marks that usually indicate an intentional omission of a word in the original text. It

can be used to indicate a pause in speech, an unfinished thought, or, at the end of a sentence, a trailing off into

silence.

The most common form of an ellipsis is a row of three periods. This triple-dot punctuation mark is also called a

suspension point, points of ellipsis, periods of ellipsis, or, colloquially, dot-dot-dot.

38

Keep in mind the following when using ellipses/suspension points:

Filipino follows the English rules for the use of ellipses.

Example:

For more information please contact… - Para sa higit na impormasyon makipag-ugnayan…

Period

While many other languages use a comma as the decimal separator, Filipino language follows US English in

using a period.

Do not use a space for this purpose as a space separates the numeral from the abbreviation.

In paper sizes (the last example in the table below) the decimal separator and the abbreviation "in" for inches are

kept, since the sizes are US norms and should be represented accordingly.


5.25 cm (+) 5.25 cm

5 x 7.2 inches (+) 5 x 7.2 pulgada

Letter Landscape 11 x 8.5 in (+) Letter na 11 x 8.5 in na Nakapahiga

Use comma as a separator of numerals. For thousand, English uses a comma while many other languages use a

period (at Microsoft we normally do not use a space for this purpose, but we use a period instead to avoid

wrapping problems). The comma is also used in Filipino.


1,526 (+) 1,526

$ 1,526.75 (+) $ 1,526.75

Example:

(+) Kopyahin at i-paste sa dokumento.

Quotation Marks

Filipino follows the English rules for the use of quotation marks.

Examaple: "Related topics”

(+) “Mga kaugnay na paksa”

39

Parentheses

In English, there is no space between the parentheses and the text inside them.

Filipino follows the English rules.

Example: (does not contain all languages)

(+) (hindi naglalaman ng lahat ng wika)

Singular & Plural

Unlike in English, a noun is not preceded by an article (i.e., "the", "a", "an" in English). There are no articles in

Filipino.

Example: the word “kuneksyon” means "connection".

To form the plural, precede the noun by mgá (pronounced mangá).

Example: (+) mga kuneksyon means “connections".

Split Infinitive

Filipino follows the English rules for the use of split infinitive.

Example: To visibly connect to the messenger – (+) Upang kumunekta nang nakikita sa messenger

Subjunctive


Symbols & Non-Breaking Spaces

Filipino follows the English rules for the use of symbols and non-breaking spaces.

Example: Mr. Gamboa

Syntax

Syntax and register differ between Filipino and English in the following ways:

1. Difference #1: For plural borrowed word the trailing „s‟ or „es‟ are dropped

Example: keys – (+) mga key

files – mga file

40

Verbs

Sometimes an English verb can be used as loan word in the target language. Such loan words usually follow the

syntactic and morphological rules of the target language. For the sake of exposition, let us assume that the verbs

below are not translated in Filipino.

English example Filipino examples

chat mag-chat nakipag-chat nakikipag-chat

crawl mag-crawl nag-crawl nagko-crawl

debug mag-debug nag-debug nagde-debug

To have a common understanding on grammatical terms and features of Filipino used in the Style Guide as well

as to correctly integrate loan words, it is important to discuss the basics of Filipino grammar.

Verb System in Filipino

Consider the two important properties of verbs when translating verbal sentences. These are focus and aspect of

the verb.

A subject of a sentence would have to take a role in a sentence. These roles are – actor, object,

beneficiary, instrument, location or cause. Focus is the expression in the verb of the grammatical role of

the subject of the sentence.

Aspect on the other hand refers to the duration of the action. To simplify grammatical terms, we will use

the terms - Action Not Begun, Action Begun Not Completed, or Action Begun Completed in this Style

Guide.

Focus and aspect are inflected through affixation and reduplication of a part of the root word. To illustrate this

better, refer to the table of sample verbal affixes and table of sample conjugation.

Type of Action

AFFIXES

Actor

(who,what)

Object/Goal

(what)

Benefactive

(to whom/ for

whom)

Locative

(where)

Instrumental

(using what)

Neutral Action Mag- ,-um-,

ma-,mang-

-in, -an, i- i-, ipag- -an/-han,

-in/-hin,

pag-...-an

Ipang-/Ipan-/

Ipam-

41

Type of Action

AFFIXES

Aptative/Abilitative

Action

Maka-,

Makapag-

Ma-, Mai- Mai-, Mai-...an Ma…-an,

Mapag… -an

maipang-

/maipan-/

maipam-

Focus Infinitive Action Not Begun Action Begun Not

Completed

Action Begun

Completed

Actor mag-chat magtsa-chat nagtsa-chat mag-chat

Object i-install ii-install ini-install ininstall

Benefactive ipaghahanda ipaghahanda ipinaghahanda ipinaghanda

Locative pagpindutan pagpipindutan pinagpipindutan pinagpindutan

Instrumental ipangkopya ipangkokopya ipinangkokopya ipinangkopya

When using a loan word as a verb, treat the loan word as a root word, or noun and incorporate the features of the

language.

Here are basic sentences to illustrate the markers and affixes above:

Actor: Mag-i-install ang technician ng software sa iyong computer.

Goal: Ii-install ko ang software sa iyong computer.

The marker 'ang' marks the subject of the sentence. Notice the different positions of 'ang' in the illustrated

sentences. The noun marked by „ang‟ is the subject of the sentence.

To illustrate how loan words are integrated in as a verb and as a noun:

When you submit a new migration request, the CSV file is uploaded to the Microsoft datacenter over a

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) connection.

Kapag nagsumite ka ng bagong kahilingang maglipat, ia-upload ang CSV file sa datacenter ng Microsoft

sa koneksyong Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).

For more of these grammar features and explanations, refer to Modern Tagalog by Teresita Ramos and Resty

Cena, and Basic Tagalog by Paraluman Aspillera.

Source: fil-fil-StyleGuide3.0

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The -UM and -MAG Verbs

A Filipino verb is always composed of a root and an affix:

1. The root provides the main lexical content of the verb.

The affix shows the relation of the verb to the other elements in the sentence as well as to the character of the

action involved.

Accordingly, Filipino verbs are said to inflect for aspect. The inflected forms speak about the state or state of

action; whether started, still going on or terminated. This is rather like the tense system of English.

Following are the three aspect forms:

1. The Perfective Aspect

The infix um occurs after the first consonant of the root word as in bumasa, kumain, lumakad, tumayo

(read, ate, walked, stood), etc. If the root word, however, begins with a vowel, the affix occurs at the

beginning.

Examples:

(+) umawit – sang

(+) uminom – drank

(+) umalis – went away

2. The Imperfective Aspect

The infix um occurs after the first consonant just like in the perfective aspect. Here, the first two letters of

the root word are duplicated.

Examples:

(+) bumabasa – reading

(+) kumakain – eating

(+) lumalakad – walking

(+) tumatayo – standing

With root words beginning with a vowel, the affix um occurs at the beginning followed by the reduplicated

first vowel, as in umaawit, umiinom, and umaalis (singing, drinking, going).

3. The Contemplative Aspect

This is also called the future aspect; the affix is dropped and only the root and the reduplication remain.

Examples:

(+) babasa – will read

(+) kakain – will eat

(+) lalakad – will walk

(+) tatayo – will stand

(+) await – will sing

(+) iinom – will drink

(+) aalis – will go

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In contrast, the pattern formations for mag-verb aspects are as follows:

The Perfective Aspect – nag- is affixed to the root word.

Examples:

(+) naglaro – played

(+) naglinis – cleaned

(+) nagmartsa – marched

(+) nag-usap – talked

1. The Imperfective Aspect – nag- + reduplicated first syllable + root word

Example:

(+) nag – la – laro = naglalaro (playing)

2. The Contemplative Aspect – mag- + reduplicated first syllable + root word

Example:

(+) mag – la – laro = maglalaro (will play)

Thus, in giving specific commands, these two verb forms should be used and all verbs must be in infinitive forms.

Example:

English Translation

The password must be identical to the

password that is defined in the registration

service.

(+) Dapat na kapareho ng password na inilarawan

sa serbisyo ng pagrerehistro ang password.

Word Order

In Filipino sentences, the preferred word order is the normal Filipino word order. This is described as predicate-

subject-object – that is, the predicate usually comes before the subject. Notice that this is one of the differences in

structure of Filipino sentences to that of English. In the English language, the order/arrangement of the parts of

the sentence is subject-predicate-object. In Filipino, it may be subject-predicate-object or predicate-subject-object.

Example:

English – This software is licensed.

Filipino - <subject – predicate>

Ang software na ito ay lisensyado.

<predicate – subject>

Lisensyado ang software na ito.

Althoug both translations are correct but the latter sounds more straightforward and in focus.

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Style and Tone Considerations This section focuses on higher-level considerations for audience, style, tone, and voice.

Audience

Target audience are Filipino-speakers, particularly the younger generation and those who have lived overseas for

awhile, and those from non-Tagalog regions.

Style

Avoid idiomatic expressions. Use simple and plain language. Keep style simple, human and easy to understand.

Ex.

Learn about changing your mail settings.

(+) Alamin ang tungkol sa pagpapalit ng mga setting ng iyong mail.

Tone

The tone of the text need not be very respectful and very formal. The important thing to take into consideration is

that the text, especially in giving directions and commands, should be direct to the point. In giving commands, it is

not obligatory to say “please.” The Filipino “paki” is the equivalent term for “please.” “Paki” is a prefix, which

means request:

English Translation

Please save your files before closing this window. (+) Paki-save ang iyong mga file bago magsara ng

window na ito.

(?) Mag-save ng iyong mga file bago magsara ng

window na ito.

(-) Mag-save ka ng iyong mga file bago magsara

ng window na ito.

Voice

The word “You” has many equivalents in Filipino, depending on how it is used. It may be translated as “ikaw,”

“ka,” “iyo,” and “mo.” Consider the following:

English Translation

You need to configure this CD. (+) Kailangan mong magkumpigura nitong CD.

45

(?) Ikaw ay kailangang magkumpigura nitong CD.

(?) Kailangan kang magkumpigura nitong CD.

(?) Iyong kailangang magkumpigura nitong CD.

Note that all these sentences are correct. But again, for purposes of consistency, we should adhere to the

predicate-subject pattern. Therefore, the first sentence is the most appropriate. These equivalent Filipino words of

“you” may be used in all genders. All of these are in singular form. Let us consider the next example:

English Translation

You are now connected to the Internet. (+) Nakakonekta ka na ngayon sa Internet.

(?) Ikaw ay nakakonekta na ngayon sa Internet.

Ka is a postpositive form pronoun; that is, it is used after a noun or a verb instead of the form ikaw.

46

Localization Guidelines

This section contains guidelines for localization into Filipino.

General Considerations As a general rule, the tone of voice is active and to-the-point.

The use of active voice gives personal tone which adds clarity to the message. Constantly use simple and plain

language that is free of connotation. The text should always be taken into consideration and must be direct to the

point, simple, clear, precise, and accurate, particularly in giving directions and/or commands.

Abbreviations

Common Abbreviations

There are no abbreviations like this that needs to be addressed in Filipino. However, a similar issue on the use of

the contracted “-„t” and “-„y” needs to be addressed. Avoid using contracted „at‟ and „ay‟ in structures. It is better to

use the long form.

You might need to abbreviate some words in the UI (mainly buttons or options names) due to lack of space.

List of common abbreviations:

Expression Acceptable Abbreviation

for example (halimbawa) (+) hal.

Number (bilang, numero) (+) blg., num.

a.m. (ng umaga) (+) n.u.

p.m. (ng hapon, ng gabi) (+) n.h., n.g.

etc. (at iba pa) (+) atbp.

signed (nilagdaan) (+) lgd.

year (taon) (+) tn.

month (buwan) (+) bwn.

mm (+) bb

dd (+) aa

yyyy (+) tttt

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Expression Acceptable Abbreviation

document (dokumento) (+) dok.

page (pahina) (+) ph.

Do not abbreviate such words that users might not recognize. If you have any doubt, spell out the word rather

than use an abbreviation.

Accessibility

Microsoft provides people with disabilities (single-handed or with hearing or motion disabilities) with more

accessible products and services. Accessibility options and programs are designed to make the computer usable

by people with cognitive, hearing, physical, or visual disabilities.

Hardware and software components engage a flexible, customizable user interface, alternative input and output

methods, and greater exposure of screen elements. Some accessible products and services may not be available

in Filipino-speaking markets. Please check with your Microsoft contact and remove these references from Filipino

text if necessary.

Acronyms

Acronyms are words made up of the initial letters of major parts of a compound term. Some well-known examples

are WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), OLE (Object Linking and Embedding), or RAM (Random

Access Memory).

Caution: Do not include a generic term after an acronym or abbreviation if one of the letters in the acronym

stands for that term. Even though this might occur in the US-English version, it should be “corrected” in the

localized version. The following examples show the redundancy in red for English terms:

(-) RPC call

(-) HTML language

(-) TCP/IP-Protocol

(-) PIN Number

The following examples show the redundancy in red for Filipino terms:

(-) RPC na tawag

(-) HTML na lengguahe

(-) TCP/IP na Protokol

(-) PIN na numero

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Localized Acronyms

In online help or documentation, spell out the words that comprise an acronym or abbreviation the first time that

acronym is used in the text. You should include the language-specific translation, the US term, and the acronym

as in the following example:

Mga Bagay sa Pag-access ng Data (Data Access Objects, DAO)

Mga Bagay ng Data na ActiveX (ActiveX Data Objects, ADO)

In the user interface, there is usually not enough space for all three terms (US term, language-specific translation,

and the acronym); only in wizards, the acronym can easily be spelled out and localized on first mention. If there

are space constraints or there is no 'first' occurrence, it is up to you to judge to the best of your knowledge

whether the acronym or abbreviation can be left as is or should be spelled out and localized.

You should also consider that different users will have different levels of knowledge about a product. For example,

an Italian Exchange user will understand “DL,” but the average Italian Windows user might not understand “DL”

and would need to see “lista di distribuzione” (distribution list) instead. Try to be consistent within a product with

your use of acronyms and initializations.

Note: Although the English acronym cannot generally be derived from the language-specific translation, creating

a new acronym derived from the language-specific translated term is not an option. For example, do not replace

an English acronym with a language-specific acronym; instead, leave the English acronym or abbreviation intact,

as in the following examples “where DLL” and “DPI” are correctly rendered as “DLL” and “DPI”:

Language English example Acceptable translation

Hausa Application Initialization DLL (+) Farawa Afilikeshon DLL

Kiswahili DPI Scaling (+) Urekebishaji DPI

Filipino Application Initialization DLL (+) Pagpapasimula ng Application

DLL

NOT

(-) Pagpapasimula ng Application

PNA

Unlocalized Acronyms

Many abbreviations and acronyms are standardized and remain untranslated. They are only followed by their full

spelling in English if the acronym needs to be explained to the speakers of a different language. In other cases,

where the acronym is rather common, adding the fully spelled-out form will only confuse users. In these cases,

the acronym can be used on its own.

49

The following list contains examples of acronyms and abbreviations that are considered commonly understood;

these acronyms and abbreviations should not be localized or spelled out in full in English:

ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

ISO (International Standards Organization)

ISDN

DOS

DSL

CD

DVD

If you are unsure what an acronym or abbreviation stands for or refers to, please contact the Moderator

responsible for this Style Guide.

Applications, Products, and Features

Application/product names are often trademarked or may be trademarked in the future and are therefore rarely

translated. Occasionally, feature names are trademarked, too (e.g. IntelliSense™). Before translating any

application, product, or feature name, please verify that it is in fact translatable and not protected in any way.

Similarly, take extra care when translating terms that pertain to PC/computer interfaces. In particular, terms that

refer to features in Microsoft Windows should never be translated, for the simple fact that Microsoft has never

released any Filipino build for Windows.

Frequent Errors

Microsoft created the following guidelines in an effort to standardize error messages, which are often inconsistent

and not always understandable even in English. Error messages are messages sent by the system or a program,

informing the user that there is an error that must be corrected in order for the program to keep running. The

messages cover a wide range of topics (for example, prompting the user to insert a disk in the disk drive, or

informing the user of an error that requires rebooting the computer).

New localizers frequently ask for help with error messages. The main principles for translation are clarity,

comprehensibility, and consistency.

Error messages written in US-English are occasionally inconsistent. As you localize the software into Filipino, you

should ensure that you use a standard phrase for error messages that have the same meaning and purpose in

the US-English version.

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The following table provides US-English examples of inconsistent error messages and their corresponding,

standardized Filipino:

English phrase English example Filipino example

Cannot*

Could not* File could not be found

File cannot be found

(+) Hindi mahanap

Failed to …

Failure of ... Failed to connect

Failure to connect

(+) Nabigong kumunekta

Cannot* find ...

Could not* find ...

Unable* to find ...

Unable* to locate ...

Cannot find driver software

Could not find driver software

Unable to find driver software

Unable to locate driver software

(+) Hindi mahanap ang software ng

driver

Not enough...

Insufficient...

Not enough memory

Insufficient memory

There is not enough memory


available

(+) Kulang ang memory

... is not available**

... is unavailable** The command is not available

The command is unavailable

(+) Walang utos

* The words 'can' and 'could' in Filipino cannot be directly translated. These are expressed by the Aptative affixes:

maka-, makapag-, ma-, mai- and other derivative affixes of „ma-'.

**There is no single word to translate the word „available‟. This could be translated as an existential word

(„may‟/‟mayroon‟, or „nasa‟). In case a second verb is mentioned (like 'available to download', „available to install‟),

the translation would be 'maida-download' making the second verb the root word.

Glossaries

The Microsoft terminology database should be the primary reference resource. Refer to the section Reference

Material for additional information. In case no approved target term is available, please research online Microsoft

resources to gather information on features/functionality descriptions as well as on the terminology already used.

In addition, check partners‟ and competitors‟ sites in order to come up with an Industry-specific target term or

translation that customers are used to.

For example, if terms are used in the industry but new to Microsoft products, such as Expression terminology

which is similar to Adobe Photoshop, the existing localized equivalent from the market leader (here, Photoshop) is

the one to be used.

51

Examples of Microsoft online resources for background information:

MSDN: http://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/default.aspx

TechNet: http://technet.microsoft.com/de-de/default.aspx

Blogs: There are several Microsoft expert blogs, as well as blogs from Microsoft MVPs available on the

Internet, these can be very valuable resources.

Fictitious Information

Fictitious content is legally sensitive material and as such cannot be handled as a pure terminology or localization

issue. Below is some basic information and contact points when dealing with fictitious content:

Vendors and Localizers are not allowed to create their own fictitious names. You must either use the source

names or use the list of legally approved names.

Please contact your product team representative for further information on how to deal with fictitious companies,

names, addresses, email addresses, phone numbers, etc. in your product. For technical products, you may also

check with the product team representative whether localized fictitious content is required or not (e.g. Visual

Studio).

Recurring Patterns


Standardized Translations

There are a number of standardized translations mentioned in all sections of this Style Guide. In order to find

them more easily, the most relevant topics and sections are compiled here for you reference.

See the following:

Style and Tone Considerations

Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions.

Unlocalized Items

Trademarked names and the name Microsoft Corporation shouldn‟t be localized. A list of Microsoft trademarks is

available for your reference at the following location: http://www.microsoft.com/trademarks/t-mark/names.htm.

As a general rule, when there is a word available in Filipino, use it. However, if there is no Filipino word available

and in cases where it is appropriate, foreign words may be used in their original form. In addition to these rules,

technical and scientific terminologies are directly borrowed and do not need to be translated, so as not to bring

confusion.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/default.aspx

http://technet.microsoft.com/de-de/default.aspx

http://www.microsoft.com/trademarks/t-mark/names.htm

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Word Comment

OK Retain source term OK as it is also used the same way

in Filipino.

Memory card Retain source term OK as it is also used the same way

in Filipino.

Credit card Retain source term OK as it is also used the same way

in Filipino.

Using the Word Microsoft

In English, it is prohibited to use MS as an abbreviation for Microsoft.

Filipino follows the English rules for the use of Microsoft in UI and text.

Example: MS-DOS

'Microsoft is a tradename of Microsoft Corporation.'

(+) "Ang Microsoft ay pangalang-pangkalakal ng Microsoft Corporation."

Software Considerations This section refers to all menus, menu items, commands, buttons, check boxes, etc., which should be consistently

translated in the localized product.

Refer to http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa511258.aspx for a detailed explanation of the Windows user interface

guidelines (English).

http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa511258.aspx

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User Interface

Filipino follows the English rules for translating user interface texts

In translating UI terms the term should be retained in English and add the appropriate affixes.

Example: cut – i-cut, mag-cut

paste – i-paste, mag-paste

Messages

Status Messages

What is a Status Bar Message?

A status bar message is an informational message about the active document or a selected command as well as

about any active or selected interface item. Messages are shown in the status bar at the bottom of the window

when the user has chosen a menu, a command or any other item, or has started a function. The status bar

messages refer to actions being performed or already complete (for example in Outlook below).

54

Filipino Style in Status bar Messages

In English, the status bar messages have different forms dependent on the information they must convey. In

Filipino, menu and commands status bar messages should follow the format below.

Name Filipino Name Category English Status

Bar message

Filipino Status Bar

message

Edit (+) I-edit

menu Contains editing

commands

(+) Naglalaman ng mga

utos sa pag-i-edit

Copy to Folder...

(+) Kopyahin sa

Folder… menu

Copies the

selected items to a

new location

(+) Kinokopya ang mga

piniling aytem sa bagong

lokasyon

New (+) Bago

command Creates a new

document

(+) Gumagawa ng

bagong dokumento

Make object

visible?

(+) Gawing nakikita ang

bagay?

Word is converting

the document.

Press Esc to stop.

(+) Ikino-convert ng

Word ang dokumento.

Pindutin ang Esc upang

huminto

Datasheet View (+) Tanaw ng Datasheet

Done (+) Tapos na

55

The importance of standardization

In the US product you can often find messages that are phrased differently even though they have the same

meaning. Try to avoid this in the localized Filipino version. Use one standard translation as in the examples

below:

English term Correct Filipino translation

Press F1 to get Help (+) Pindutin ang F1 upang kumuha ng Tulong

If you want Help press F1

To get Help press F1

Not enough memory (+) Hindi sapat ang memorya

Insufficient memory


Save changes to %1? (+) I-save ang mga pagbabago sa %1?

Do you want to save changes to %1?

56

Error Messages

What Is An Error Message?

Here is an example:

Error messages are messages sent by the system or a program, informing the user that there is an error that

must be corrected in order for the program to keep running. For example, the messages can prompt the user to

take an action or inform the user of an error that requires rebooting the computer.

Filipino Style in Error Messages

It is important to use consistent terminology and language style in the localized error messages, and not just

translate as they appear in the US product.

Standard Phrases in Error Messages

When translating standard phrases, standardize. Note that sometimes the US uses different forms to express the

same thing.

Examples:

English Translation Example Comment

Cannot …

Could not …

Hindi maka…

„Could not connect‟

(+) “Hindi makakunekta”

Failed to …

Failure of … Nabigong…

„Failed to connect‟

(+) “Nabigong kumunekta”

Cannot find …

Could not find …

Unable to find …

Unable to locate …

Hindi makita …

Or

Hindi mahanap…

„Unable to find the file‟

(+) “Hindi makita ang file”

(+) “Hindi mahanap ang

file”

Not enough memory

Insufficient memory



Hindi sapat ang memory

„Not enough memory to

save the file‟

(+) “Hindi sapat ang

memory upang i-save ang

57

English Translation Example Comment

available file”

... is not available

... is unavailable … ay hindi magagamit

„The file is not available‟

(+) “Ang file ay hindi

magagamit”

Error Messages Containing Placeholders

When localizing error messages containing placeholders, try to find out what will replace the placeholder. This is

necessary for the sentence to be grammatically correct when the placeholder is replaced with a word or phrase.

Note that the letters used in placeholders convey a specific meaning, see examples below:

%d, %ld, %u, and %lu means <number>

%c means <letter>

%s means <string>

Examples of error messages containing placeholders:

"Checking Web %1!d! of %2!d!"

means "Sinusuri ang Web <number> ng <number>".

"INI file "%1!-.200s!" section" means "INI file "<string>" section".

Keys

The keyboard is the primary input device used for text input in Microsoft Windows. For accessibility and efficiency,

most actions can be performed using the keyboard as well. While working with Microsoft software, you use keys,

key combinations and key sequences.

In English, References to key names, like arrow keys, function keys and numeric keys, appear in normal text (not

in small caps).

58

Access Keys/Hot keys

Sometimes, there are underlined or highlighted letters in menu options, commands or dialog boxes. These letters

refer to access keys (also known as hot keys) that allow you to run commands, perform tasks, etc. more quickly.

The following table lists special options for hot keys in US-English interfaces and describes whether each option

is allowed in Filipino:

Hot Key Special Options Usage: Is It Allowed? Notes

"Slim characters", such as I, l, t, r, f

can be used as hot key

Yes The “Slim characters” in Filipino

can be used as hot key

Characters with downstrokes, such

as g, j, y, p and q can be used as

hotkeys

Yes The characters with downstrokes in

Filipino can be used as hotkeys

Extended characters can be used as

hotkeys

No The 28 letters of the Filipino

alphabet are more than enough to

be used as hotkeys.

An additional letter, appearing

between brackets after item name,

can be used as hotkeys

No

A number, appearing between

brackets after item name, can be

used as hotkey

No

A punctuation sign, appearing No

59

Hot Key Special Options Usage: Is It Allowed? Notes

between brackets after item name,

can be used as hotkey

Duplicate hotkeys are allowed when

no other character is available

No

No hotkey is assigned when no more

characters are available (minor

options only)

Yes

Additional notes:

Some very common Access Keys are listed in the following table:

English Function Product

Ctrl+A select all Windows

Office

Ctrl+A reset all Windows

Ctrl+B send to back Windows

Ctrl+C reset current Windows

Ctrl+C copy Windows

Office

SQL

Ctrl+D delete Windows

Works

Ctrl+D duplicate Powerpoint

PictureIt

Ctrl+D dial Windows

Ctrl+D select domain Windows

Ctrl+E open image for editing Windows

Ctrl+E attributes Windows

Ctrl+F filter Windows

Ctrl+F forward Outlook

Ctrl+F view bitmap Windows

Ctrl+F file transfer Windows

60


Ctrl+F find Windows

SQL

Ctrl+F full screen Windows

Ctrl+G go to Windows

Ctrl+G grid Windows

Ctrl+G paste to page Windows

Ctrl+G date Works

Ctrl+H replace Windows

SQL

Outlook

Ctrl+H space Windows

Ctrl+I invert colors Windows

Ctrl+L rotate left Windows

Ctrl+L color box Windows

Ctrl+L view log Windows

Ctrl+M new slide Powerpoint

Ctrl+N new call Windows

Ctrl+N new message Outlook

Ctrl+N new snapshot Office

Ctrl+N next code Windows

Ctrl+N new Windows

Office

SQL

Ctrl+N new connection Windows

Ctrl+O options Windows

Ctrl+O select code Windows

Ctrl+O open Windows

Office

Works

Visual Studio

Ctrl+P previous Windows

61


Excel

Ctrl+P print Windows

SQL

Outlook

Visual Studio

Access

Publisher

Ctrl+R rotate right Windows

Ctrl+R flip/rotate Windows

Ctrl+R reply Outlook

Ctrl+S sharing Windows

Ctrl+S update Windows

Ctrl+S save Windows

Office

Visual Studio

Ctrl+S send Windows

Ctrl+S setup Windows

Ctrl+T toolbox Windows

Ctrl+T transfer Windows

Ctrl+V paste/insert Windows

SQL

Works

Outlook

Ctrl+W stretch/skew Windows

Ctrl+W whiteboard Windows

Ctrl+Y redo Windows

Office

Ctrl+Y repeat Windows

Works

Ctrl+Z undo Windows

Office

SQL

Works

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Visual Studio

The following table lists the hot keys that are permissible in Filipino. Please note that only single stroke characters

can be used. If there are no single stroke characters in your language, or not enough of them, please indicate

whether US characters can be used instead.

Hot key character Preferred or allowed? Case-sensitive?

PREFERRED

a False

b False

c False

d False

e False

f False

G True

i False

J True

k False

l False

m False

n False

o False

P True

r False

s False

t False

u False

v False

w False

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Hot key character Preferred or allowed? Case-sensitive?

x False

Y True

z False

ALLOWED

g True

j True

p True

y True

q False

NUMERIC

0 False

1 False

2 False

3 False

4 False

5 False

6 False

7 False

8 False

9 False

Arrow Keys

The arrow keys move input focus among the controls within a group. Pressing the right arrow key moves input

focus to the next control in tab order, whereas pressing the left arrow moves input focus to the previous control.

Home, End, Up, and Down also have their expected behavior within a group. Users can't navigate out of a control

group using arrow keys.

Numeric Keypad

It is recommended that you avoid distinguishing numeric keypad keys from the other keys, unless it is required by

a given application. In case which keys to be pressed is not obvious, provide necessary explanations.

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Shortcut Keys

Shortcut keys are keystrokes or combinations of keystrokes used to perform defined functions in a software

application. Shortcut keys replace menu commands and they are sometimes given next to the command they

represent. In opposition to the access keys, which can be used only when available on the screen, shortcut keys

can be used even when they are not accessible on the screen.

Standard Shortcut Keys

US

Command

US English

Shortcut Key

Filipino

Command

Filipino

Shortcut key

General Windows Shortcut keys

Help window F1 Window ng tulong F1

Context-sensitive Help Shift+F1 Tulong na sensitibo-sa-konteksto Shift+F1

Display pop-up menu Shift+F10 Ipakita ang pop-up menu Shift+F10

Cancel Esc Ikansela Esc

Activate\Deactivate

menu bar mode

F10 Isaaktibo\Ideaktibo ang mode na

bar ng menu

F10

Switch to the next

primary application

Alt+Tab Lumipat sa kasunod na

pangunahing application

Alt+Tab

Display next window Alt+Esc Ipakita ang kasunod na window Alt+Esc

Display pop-up menu

for the window

Alt+Spacebar Ipakita ang pop-up menu para sa

window

Alt+Spacebar

Display pop-up menu

for the active child

window

Alt+- Ipakita ang pop-up menu para sa

aktibong child window

Alt+-

Display property sheet

for current selection

Alt+Enter Ipakita ang tala ng katangian

para sa kasalukuyang pinili

Alt+Enter

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US

Command

US English

Shortcut Key

Filipino

Command

Filipino

Shortcut key

Close active

application window

Alt+F4 Isara ang aktibong window ng

application

Alt+F4

Switch to next window

within (modeless-

compliant) application

Alt+F6 Lumipat sa kasunod na window

sa loob ng application (modeless-

compliant)

Alt+F6

Capture active window

image to the Clipboard

Alt+Prnt Scrn Kumuha ng imahe ng aktibong

window sa Clipboard

Alt+Prnt Scrn

Capture desktop

image to the Clipboard

Prnt Scrn Kumuha ng imahe ng desktop sa

Clipboard

Prnt Scrn

Access Start button in

taskbar

Ctrl+Esc I-access ang pindutan ng Start sa

taskbar

Ctrl+Esc

Display next child

window

Ctrl+F6 Ipakita ang kasunod na child

window

Ctrl+F6

Display next tabbed

pane

Ctrl+Tab Ipakita ang kasunod na naka-tab

na pane

Ctrl+Tab

Launch Task Manager

and system

initialization

Ctrl+Shift+Esc Ilunsad ang Task Manager at

tagapagpasimula ng system

Ctrl+Shift+Esc

File Menu

File New Ctrl+N File Bago Ctrl+N

File Open Ctrl+O File Buksan Ctrl+O

File Close Ctrl+F4 File Isara Ctrl+F4

File Save Ctrl+S File I-save Ctrl+S

File Save as F12 File I-save bilang F12

File Print Preview Ctrl+F2 File I-print Preview Ctrl+F2

File Print Ctrl+P File I-print Ctrl+P

File Exit Alt+F4 File Lumabas Alt+F4

Edit Menu

Edit Undo Ctrl+Z I-edit I-undo Ctrl+Z

Edit Repeat Ctrl+Y I-edit Ulitin Ctrl+Y

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US

Command

US English

Shortcut Key

Filipino

Command

Filipino

Shortcut key

Edit Cut Ctrl+X I-edit Alisin Ctrl+X

Edit Copy Ctrl+C I-edit Kopyahin Ctrl+C

Edit Paste Ctrl+V I-edit Idikit Ctrl+V

Edit Delete Ctrl+Backspace I-edit Tanggalin Ctrl+Backspace

Edit Select All Ctrl+A I-edit Piliing Lahat Ctrl+A

Edit Find Ctrl+F I-edit Maghanap Ctrl+F

Edit Replace Ctrl+H I-edit Palitan Ctrl+H

Edit Go To Ctrl+B I-edit Pumunta Sa Ctrl+B

Help Menu

Help F1 Tulong F1

Font Format

Italic Ctrl+I Pahilis Ctrl+I

Bold Ctrl+G Makapal Ctrl+G

Underlined\Word

underline

Ctrl+U May-salungguhit Ctrl+U

Large caps Ctrl+Shift+A Malalaking malaking titik Ctrl+Shift+A

Small caps Ctrl+Shift+K Maliliit na malaking titik Ctrl+Shift+K

Paragraph Format

Centered Ctrl+E Nakagitna Ctrl+E

Left aligned Ctrl+L Pantay sa kaliwa Ctrl+L

Right aligned Ctrl+R Pantay sa kanan Ctrl+R

Justified Ctrl+J Pantay magkabila Ctrl+J

Document Translation Considerations Document localization may require some specific considerations that are different from software localization. This

section covers a few of these areas.

It usually requires more than just translating the text from one language to another. It may also include:

Development of glossary and style guide to ensure consistent translation and tone across all languages

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Reformatting translated content in context to allow for different text lengths

Localization of graphics, artwork or screen captures

Quality assurance (QA) of the translated documents in context to ensure linguistic and locale-specific accuracy

Titles

In English the titles for chapters usually begin with "How to …" or with phrases such as "Working with …" or

"Using …". In the Filipino version of Microsoft documentation, the source pattern is generally followed. .

Example:

English Translation

Get to know Windows 7 (+) Kilalanin ang Windows 7

Find out more about using the latest version of Windows.

(+) Alamin ang higit pa tungkol sa paggamit ng pinakabagong bersyon ng Windows.

What is Windows 7? (+) Ano ang Windows 7?

What's new in Windows 7? (+) Ano ang bago sa Windows 7?

How to get Windows 7? (+) Paano magkaroon ng Windows 7?

Take a tour (+) Maglakbay

What's new with the Start menu? (+) Ano ang bago sa Start menu?

What's new with the taskbar? (+) Ano ang bago sa taskbar?

What's new with the Windows desktop?

(+) Ano ang bago sa desktop ng Windows?

Copyright

Copyright protection is granted to any original work of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression from

which it can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated.

The following translations must be used:

English text Filipino translation

Copyright (+) Karapatang-sipi

All rights reserved (+) Nakalaan ang lahat ng mga karapatan

Microsoft Corporation (+) Microsoft Corporation

Microsoft Filipino Style Guide

Documents

Transcript of Microsoft Filipino Style Guide