Catalog sheet exi 310 inverted tissue culture microscope - LUDESCO MICROSCOPES
MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens)...
Transcript of MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens)...
![Page 1: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MICROSCOPES
![Page 2: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
MicroscopesMicroscope : an instruments used
to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology.
Functions :To allow us to study the morphology
of bacteria (size, shape, arrangement, motility and staining reaction )
![Page 3: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Types of microscopes
1-light microscope 2-Dark field microscope 3-fluorescent microscope4-Phase contrast microscope5-Electron microscope
![Page 4: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
•Light Microscope
•Eye piece•Objective lenses•Stage•Diaphragm •Condenser•Light source•Adjustment knobs
![Page 5: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
STAINING METHODS
![Page 6: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Types of stain1-Simple stain (one dye is used )Methylene blue, safranin, crystal violet.
2-differential stains( two dyes are used)Gram stain ,Ziehl-Neelsen stain.
3-special stainsfontana stain.
4- Fluorescent stained antibodyAntibodies for surface antigens of bacteria
carrying a fluorescent dye
![Page 7: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Simple stains 1- preparation of
smear:• Take a loopfull of bacterial
suspension and spread it onto an area of about 1 cm squaresquare
• Leave to dry in air or at the Leave to dry in air or at the warmth of a Bunzen flamewarmth of a Bunzen flame
• Fix the smear by: Fix the smear by: a- passing it into a flame three timesa- passing it into a flame three times
b- dipping into ethyl alcoholb- dipping into ethyl alcohol Fixation leads to coagulation of proteins and fixation on the surface of slide.
![Page 8: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Simple stains 2-staining of the smear:a- Flood the smear with several drops of a stain like methylene blue and leave for 2 min.
b- wash the stain gently with water
c- Dry the smear by leaving it in air for a few minutes or by blotting with a filter paper.
![Page 9: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Simple stains
3- Examination under the microscope•Put a drop of oil onto the stained smear•Examine the smear under the oil immersion lens•Describe what you can see under the microscope
![Page 10: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Chains of bacillui
Tetrads of cocciChains of beads
Bunches of cocci
![Page 11: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Gram-stain• Principles: • Bacteria differ from one another chemically
and physically and may react differently to stains.
• Bacteria are divided into1- Gram-positive bacteria (violet in colour)2- And Gram-negative bacteria (red in colour)
![Page 12: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Gram-stain:Steps of staining:• 1- Prepare a bacterial smear and fix it
• 2- Flood with crystal violet (primary stain) and leave 60 sec. Wash gently with tap water.
• 3- flood with iodine solution (mordant) and leave for 2 min and then wash gently with tap water.
![Page 13: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Gram-stain:Steps of staining:4-Declourize with drop by drop 95% ethanol alcohol (decolourization of Gram-negative bacteria), till the washing becomes faint purple (this takes about 20 sec). Wash gently with water.
5- Flood the smear with safranin (counter stain) and leave for 2 min.
6- Dry the smear by blotting, add a drop of oil and examine under oil immersion lens
![Page 14: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Technique of isolation of separate colonies of
bacteria
![Page 16: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Technique for isolates• Sterilize the loop by heating to
redness on the top of a flame.
• Take one loop-full of bacteria and streak the surface of nutrient agar plate to spread bacteria in area [1] as indicated in the photo.
• Sterlilize the loop and make other streaks starting from the side of area [1] as shown in the photo to spread bacteria in area [2].
• Repeat the same procedure to spread bacteria in area [3].
![Page 17: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Colonies isolated
![Page 18: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Types of media :
![Page 19: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Types of media :1-basal media2-Enriched media3-Selective media4- Enrichment media 5-Differential media6- selective and indicator media
![Page 20: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
1-Basal media
1- Nutrient broth2-Peptone water (Water soluble
products obtained from protein materials digested by proteolytic enzyme as trypsin and pepsin).
3- Nutrient agar4-Nutrient gelatin nutrient agar
![Page 21: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
2-Enriched media
Useful for fastidious organisms
Prepared by Addition of blood, yeast extract, brain heart infusion
Examples:1-Blood agar2-Chocolate agar
![Page 22: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
3-Selective mediaContain substances that inhibit the
growth of some organism but have no effect on the organism of test .these inhibitors may be dyes ,chemicals or antibiotics.
An example is Mannitol salt agar used to separate staphylococcus aureus
![Page 23: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Mannitol salt agarStaphylococcus aureus produce yellow colouration
![Page 24: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
4- Enrichment mediaThese are liquid media with
selective properties enhance the multiplication of organisms.
As:1-Selenite broth.2-Alkaline peptone water3-Tetrathionate broth medium
![Page 25: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
5-Differential media Contain some substances that
are changed visibly as a result of metabolic activity of organism as:
1-Sugar media 2-Triple sugar iron agar (TSI)
![Page 26: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
6- Selective and indicator media .
Composed of selective and indicator supplements in basal media as:
1- MacConkey’s agar2-Deoxycholate citrate agar (DCA).3-TCBS(Thiosulphate citrate and
bile salt (selective) sucrose (test sugar) and bromothymol blue (pH indicator)
![Page 27: MICROSCOPES. Microscopes Microscope : an instruments used to examine very small objects (Specimens) in microbiology. Functions : To allow us to study.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea95503460f94bad056/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
MacConkey agar