Microprocessors lecture slides

8/13/2019 Microprocessors lecture slides

1/30

X86 - ISA

The 80x86 Family


2/30

Name Date Transistors

Clockspeed

Datawidth

8080 1974 6K 2MHz 8

8086 1978 29K 5MHz 1680286 1982 134K 12 MHz 1680386 1985 275K 16-33 MHz 3280486 1989 1.2 M 20 -100

MHz

32

Pentium 1993 3.1M 60-200MHz

32 /64

PentiumII

1997 7.5 M 233-450MHz

32/ 64

PentiumIII

1999 9.5M 450 -933MHz

32 /64

Pentium 4 2000 42 M 1.5 GHz 32/ 64

The Evolution of Microprocessors


3/30

The 16-bit Processors

8086 20 Address lines 220 1 MB 2.5 MIPS

80286 24 Address lines 224 16 MB 4 MIPS


4/30

The 32-bit Processors

80386 32 Address lines 232 4GB

80486 32 Address lines 232 4GB Floating Pt Unit Internal Cache 50 MIPS


5/30

Characteristics of the X86 Family

CISC Instructions broken up into ops

Complex Instruction Decoder


6/30

ESCSSSDSIP

1

2

3

4

5

6

Control & Timing

Memory Interface

ALU

OperandsFlags

EU

BIU

InstructionQueue

Block Diagram of 8086

AH AL

BH BL

CH CL

DH DL

BP

SP

SI

DI


7/30

8086DataBus

Controlsignals

AddBus

A0A19

D0D15

8086 - Buses


8/30

A19A00.0 00000 H

1.1 FFFFFH

MemoryAddressSpace

00000 H

FFFFFH

Memory Address Space


9/30

Fetches Instruction

Executes Instruction

BIU

EU

Microprocessor


10/30

BIU

ALU

Control& Timing

EU

Address bus

RAMROM I/oPorts

Discs

Video

Data Bus

CLK


11/30

Variation of 8086 - 8088

External Data Bus 8-bits Inst Queue 4 bytes


12/30

X86 - ISA

8086-80486 Programmers Model

BIU


13/30


14/30

Programmers Model - BIU

EIP IP

CS

DS

ES

SS

FS

GS


15/30


16/30

IP = 3000 H

CS = 2000 H Base address

Offset address

Physical address

= 20000 H +3000 H

23000 H

2000 H : 3000 H

CS

DSES

SS


17/30

CodeSegment

2000 0000

FFFF

3000


18/30


19/30

Data

Code

Stack

Extra

4900 ES

3400 SS

1000 DS

2000 CS

00000 H

10000 H

20000 H1FFFFH

2FFFFH34000 H

43FFF H49000 H

58FFF H


20/30

High Memory

HIMEM.SYS A20

Segment Address FFFFH Offset Address 4000 H 103FF0 H 03FF0 H


21/30

X86 - ISA

8086-80486 Programmers ModelEU


22/30

AX

BXCXDXSPBP

SIDI

Count

DataStack Pointer

Base Pointer

Source Index

Destination Index

Accumulator

Base Index

Programmers Model


23/30

MULTIPURPOSE REGISTERS

AX, BX, CX, DX, BP, DI, SI

SPECIAL PURPOSE REGISTERS

IP, SP, FLAGS

CS, DS, SS, ES( Segment Registers )

Registers


24/30

AX AH(8 bit)

AL(8 bit)

BX BH BL

CX CH CL

DX DH DL

(Accumulator)

(Base Register)

(Used as a counter)

(Used to point to data in I/O operations)

Registers - MPR


25/30

Programmers Model -MPR

EAX AH AL

EBX BH BL

ECX CH CL

EDX DH DL

EBP BP

ESI SI

EDI DI

ESP SP


26/30

Default 16 bit segment and offset addresscombinations

Segment offset special purpose

CS

SS

DS

ES

IP

SP (or) BP

BX,DI,SIan 8-bit number

16

bit numberDI for stringInstructions

InstructionAddress

Stack address

Data address

String destinationaddress


27/30


28/30

Flags

Status Control


29/30

Flag Register

AC

VM

RF

NT

O D I T S Z A P CIOPL


30/30

Microprocessors lecture slides

Documents

Transcript of Microprocessors lecture slides