Microprocessor and Interfacing

261214

Introduction to Microprocessors

http://mango.e-cpe.org

Microprocessor?

Image - PC Perspective. http://pcper.com

Micro-controller?

PIC 8051, AVR PSoC MSP430

Where do they live?

Where do they live?

System Components

CPU

I/ORAM Storage

System Components

CPU

I/ORAM Storage

CPU

Performance

4 MIPS at 20 MHz

76383,  32MIPS at .

GHzRef: http://www.wikipedia.org

Power Consumption

Ref: Microchip, Intel

130Watts

015Watts

Price

Ref: Microchip, Sharkyextreme.com

1 ,500 - 35 ,000 Baht

- 25 1,000 Baht

Right tool right job

Self contained Limited resources Used for a specific job Low power Low cost

Needs Chipsets Large Memory, fast

clock rates More general purpose Requires more power More expensive

Microcontroller Microprocessor

What does the iPhone use?

I-Phone 3GS Internals

i-Phone4 Circuit

i-Phone 4S Circuit

Apple iPad2

A5 SoC

A4,A5 Processor

CPU1 GHz

Memory Controller

RAM256/512 MBytes

Flash Memory64 GBytes

GraphicsProcessing

(1024x768)

I/OController

SensorPorts

A4 Chip

WiFi, Audio

Controller

Microcontroller (i.e. PIC16F887)

CPU20 MHz

Memory Controller

RAM368 Bytes

Flash Memory8 KBytes

GraphicsProcessing

I/OController

SensorPorts

Mixed DesignSometimes called System on a Chip (SoC)

MCU MPU

A Brief History x86 Processors

Main Player

Santa Clara, California, USA

Rival #1

Sunnyvale, California, USA

Rival #2

Taipei, Taiwan

Intel 4004 (1971)

4 Bits 0.74 MHz 2,300 Transistors

4004 Application

Busicom* 141-PF Calculator

Same computing power as the ENIAC

=Intel 4004

Intel 8086/8088

Test Drive I : Runs well on a 8088 machine

80x86

The Pentium Era

3.8GHz60MHz

65 nm0.25 um

Intel’s mistake 1

Focus too much on Clock Speed

Clock Speed Analogy

เกียรต์่ำ� 20 Pipeline Stages

เกียรส์งู10 Pipeline Stages

How a Pipeline Works

10 Stages vs 20 Stages

Intel’s mistake 2

64 Bit CPU Not Backward

Compatible

AMD’s Successful Athlon Processors

Better Performance per Watts

Backward Compatible 64 Bit System

The return of Intel

Multicore Era

Current CPU Kings

Core™ i7-990X6 Cores, 3.46 GHz, 12 MB L2 Cache32 nm Process, 130Watts.US$999

AMD FX 81508 Cores, 3.6 GHz, 8 MB L2 Cache32 nm Process, 125WattsUS$245

AMD + ATI = FusionCPU + GPU + APU (Accelerated PU)

+GPUCPU

=APU

Power per Watt: A new measure for CPU performance

Intel ATOM2-6.5W

AMD Bobcat(Fusion)1-10W

VIA Nano5-25W

ATOM Processor’s Silicon

Conclusions

ในยุคต้นมุง่เน้นการเพิม่ความเรว็เป็นหลัก ปัจจุบนัมุง่ไปท่ี performance per watt มากขึ้น เทคโนโลยกีารผลิตท่ีสงูขึ้นทำาให ้Multi-core CPU เป็นท่ี

นิยม ทิศทางใหม่ๆ ของการพฒันาแบง่เป็น

การรวมศูนยอุ์ปกรณ์ต่างๆ ไวใ้น Processor มากขึ้น เกิดการแตกสาย Processor เพื่อเจาะกลุ่มเป้าหมาย

ต่างๆ มากขึ้น