Micropollutants in municipal wastewater: removal strategy ... · » Selected wastewater treatment...
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Micropollutants in municipal wastewater: removal strategy in Switzerland
Geneva, 5.5.2017
Dr. Pascal Wunderlin VSA-Platform «Process Engineering Micropollutants»
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Municipal wastewater treatment: Situation in Switzerland
2
Population connected to WWTP 97 % of population is connected 1 % can additionally be connected 2 % not reasonable – (very) rural areas (e.g. septic tanks)
Wastewater treatment 34% of waste water is treated with N-elimination 36% is treated with nitrification/partial N-elimination 30% is treated with BOD-elimination (decreasing)
Elimination of micropollutants by state-of-the art WWTP is not sufficient (additional treatment required)
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Why is an additional treatment required?
Anzahl Überschreitungen von Qualitätskriterien unterhalb ARA
Anteil gereinigtes Abwasser in grossen und mittleren Fliessgewässern
Pollution of drinking water ressources
Increasing pressure on water bodies: Increase of
population (and -density)
Increasing use/application of chemicals
Climate change (more «low water» situations less dilution)
Abe
ggle
n, C
. und
Sie
gris
t, H
. (20
12)
Frequency of exeeding environmental quality standards
Share of wastewater in mittle and big rivers
Negative effects on ecosystems
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Several projects showed that endocrine disruptive substances have negative impacts on fish reproduction (NFP50, «Fischnetz», etc.)
Project «Strategy Micropoll» (2006-2012) by the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) » Wastewater treatment plant effluent are significant
sources of micropollutants » Selected wastewater treatment plants have to be
upgraded » Activated carbon and ozone eliminates a broad range of
micropollutants (technical feasible and affordable) » Biotests confirmed a significant improvement of water
quality
The way to micropollutant elimination….
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5
Several projects showed that endocrine disruptive substances have negative impacts on fish reproduction (NFP50, «Fischnetz», etc.)
Project «Strategy Micropoll» (2006-2012) by the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) » Wastewater treatment plant effluent are significant
sources of micropollutants » Selected wastewater treatment plants have to be
upgraded » Activated carbon and ozone eliminates a broad range of
micropollutants (technical feasible and affordable) » Biotests confirmed a significant improvement of water
quality
The way to micropollutant elimination….
Adaption of Water Protection Act and Water Protection Ordinance (in force since 1.1.2016)
Political process over 10 years Involvement of stakeholders (broad
acceptance) Public consultations showed that
most stakeholders agreed on technical measures at WWTPs
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Upgrading of SELECTED municipal WWTPs (Anhang 3.1, Kap. 2, Nr. 8 Water Protection Ordinance)
Protection of sensitive water bodies WWTPs > 8’000 persons discharging into strechtes with inadequate dilution (> 10% share of wastewater)
Protection of drinking water resources WWTPs > 24’000 persons discharging into lakes
Load-reduction + «Up-stream» responsability Large WWTPs (> 80’000 persons)
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Upgrading of SELECTED municipal WWTPs (Anhang 3.1, Kap. 2, Nr. 8 Water Protection Ordinance)
Protection of sensitive water bodies WWTPs > 8’000 persons discharging into strechtes with inadequate dilution (> 10% share of wastewater)
Protection of drinking water resources WWTPs > 24’000 persons discharging into lakes
Load-reduction + «Up-stream» responsability Large WWTPs (> 80’000 persons)
7
About 50% of WW will be treated Total investment costs of about
1.2 billion Euros (~8 Euro per person and year; ~ )
Implementation till 2040
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X # national FUND
Calculation basis
Who is paying?
Dutiable (money into fund)
Central municipal WWTP
8 Slide: D. Dominguez, FOEN
75% of initial investment costs +
exemption from charge (due to higher
operation costs)
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Ozonreactor
Oxygen tank
(Quelle: www.neugut.ch)
First full-scale ozonation of municipal wastewater in Switzerland
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Wastewater treatment plant Bachwis, Herisau First Swiss plant with activated carbon step
Picture: H. Messmer, August 2015
PAC treatment
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Process selection: What to be consider?
11
???
Catchment area?
WWTP?
Ozonation Activated carbon
Wastewater composition?
Abb
ildun
gen:
Ch.
Ort,
Eaw
ag
Situation receiving water?
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Herisau PAC +Sedimentation +Filtration In operation
Neugut O3 + Sandfilter In Operation
Werdhölzli O3 (+Sandfilter existing) Construction
Ober-wynental O3 + Sandfilter Construction
Stand: October 2016
Ongoing projects in Switzerland
Wetzikon PAK into Biology Planning
Bassersdorf O3 + Sandfilter Construction
Schönau-Cham PAC on Sandfilter Planning
ProRheno O3 + PAC Planning
Altenrhein O3+GAC Planning
Vidy O3+PAC (Pulsagreen) +Sandfilter Planning
Thunersee PAC +Sedimentation +Filtration Constuction
Porrentruy O3 +Sandfilter Planning
Kloten Opfikon O3 + Sandfilter Planning
Niederglatt - Fischbach O3 + Sandfilter Planning
Morgental (+Hofen) O3 + Sandfilter Planning
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