Fundamental Study of Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration ...
Microfiltration / Reverse Osmosis The 1-2 Punch for Water Treatment Presented by: Don Burgess DWG...
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Transcript of Microfiltration / Reverse Osmosis The 1-2 Punch for Water Treatment Presented by: Don Burgess DWG...
Microfiltration / Reverse Osmosis
The 1-2 Punch for Water Treatment
Presented by:
Don Burgess
DWG Process Supply Ltd.
CLOTH & DEPTH FILTERSR A N G E S O F F I L T R A T I O N P R O C E S S E S
MEMBRANETYPE
RELATIVE SIZEOF COMMON MATERIALS
REVERSEOSMOSIS
NANO-FILTRATION
ULTRAFILTRATION
MICROFILTRATION
SCREENS & STRAINERS
LATEX EMULSIONS
METAL IONS
VIRUSVOC’S, PCD, SUSP. OIL
AQUEOUSSALTS
ATOMICRADII
PROTEINS/ENZYMES
OIL EMULSIONS
PAINT PIGMENT
BACTERIA
HUMANHAIR
SAND
RED BLOODCELLS
CARBONBLACK
DISSOLVED ORGANICS
PARTICLE SIZE 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 1.0 10 102 103
(MICRONS)
APPROXIMATE 100 200 20,000 500,000 MOLECULAR WT.
PARTICLE SIZE 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 106 107
(ANGSTROMS)
Cryptosporidium Oocyst
Giardia Cyst
Material Sizes
Source: GE Water
Filtration Processes
Microfiltration / Ultrafiltration
• Removes turbidity• Provides barrier
to Crypto/Giardia• Backwashable
“Surface Water”
“Spaghetti removes Solids”
Reverse Osmosis / Nanofiltration
• Removes dissolved compounds
• Typically can not backwash
• Fouled by turbidity
“Ground Water”
“Layered removes Liquids”
Microfiltration
Membrane Pore Sizes – 0.01 to 0.2 micron
Pencil Dot (40 µm)
Giardia Cyst (5 - 11 µm)
Large Siliceous Particle (20 µm)
CryptosporidiumOocyst (2 - 5 µm)[Anthrax Spore]
Typical Bacterium (0.2 µm)
E-Coli(.45 µm)
How Small is Small?
Why Microfiltration?
• Turbidity and Microbiology removal with no chemistry– Turbidity < 0.1 NTU
• 0.02 to 0.04 NTU
– Cryptosporidium > 99.9999% Removal
– Giardia > 99.9999% Removal
• TOC / Colour removal– Chemical precipitation– Coagulation with Alum / acid / PAC– Removal of precipitate with membrane
Inlet Section
Source: Pall Canada
Pressure Membranes• MF Fiber = 0.1 micron
• PVDF - Oxidant Resistant (Chlorine, Ozone & Chlorine Dioxide)
• Outside – In
• Rack Mounted Vertically
Source: www.zenonenv.com
Immersed Membranes
• UF Fiber = 0.035 micron
• Composite
• Outside – In
• Vacuum
• Mounted in Below or Above Grade Tanks
Source: Pall Canada
Pressure System (35 MLD - Pall)
Source: www.zenonenv.com
Immersed Wastewater System (Zenon)
Modular System 1.3 to 2.0 MLD
MF Test ResultsSite 1 Site 2 Treated
Water
Raw Water
Turbidity (NTU) 1 to 7 10 to 25 <0.02
TOC (mg/L) 9 to 11 10 to 15 4 to 6
Colour (TCU) 5 to 40 23 to 40 < 5
Chemical Dosages
Alum (mg/L) 100 75 to 100
PAC (mg/L) 10 13
MF Membrane Technology Benefits
• Exceeds Environmental Treatment Standards• Consistent treatment quality• Modular, Compact and Cost Saving System
Configurations• Some Membranes Warranted for 10 Years• Automatic Integrity Testing• On-Line Technical Support and System
Diagnosis
Reverse Osmosis / Nanofiltration
RO / Nano filtration
• Removes dissolved compounds• Non-backwashable • Max 0.5 to 1 NTU• Max SDI = 3.0
“Ground Water”
“Layered removes Liquids”
Applications
Ground water treatment• TDS• Hardness• Metals such as arsenic
GWUI
Surface water• Organics
Pre-Treatment for Nano/RO
Nano / RO
Concentrate
Pre-Filtration for Solids Removal
Pre-Oxidation for Iron/Mg Removal
Microfiltration
Raw Water
SDI < 3
Raw Water
Pre-oxidation
Filtration
Nano / RO
Concentrate
Permeate
Permeate
RO or Nano
Reverse Osmosis• Low energy membranes
provide high efficiency removal
• Removes 97 to 99% of all dissolved compounds
• Blend w/ raw water to meet guidelines and restabilize treated water
Nanofiltration• Removes 60 to 80% of
dissolved compounds• Use for GWUI as treat
entire flow stream• “Softening” filter• Specially formulated
membrane to resist organic (TOC) fouling
Pros and Cons
Pros• Ease of operation• Superior water quality• Reduced footprint• Membrane elements are standardized
Modular units
Cons• Higher energy
costs• High waste
volumes – 60 to 80% recovery
Full Scale Systems
Is It Worth It?
• RO/Nano provides specific function• Often replaces 2 or 3 other processes• Sometimes the only process that will
work
• It is worth looking after your system
Process Applications
RememberMicrofiltration /
Ultrafiltration • “Surface Water” • Turbidity and
particle removal• Crypto/Giardia
barrier• Backwashable
“Spaghetti removes Solids”
RO / Nano
• “Ground Water”• Dissolved
compound reduction
• Do not even think of backwashing
“Layered removes Liquids”
Contaminants
Surface Water• Turbidity• Crypto/Giardia• Iron/Mang/Arsenic• Organics• Hardness
Ground Water• TDS• Hardness• Iron/Mang/Arsenic• Organics• Turbidity
Treatment OptionsContaminant Conventional
ProcessMembrane Process
Turbidity Floc/Coag/Clarifier /Filter
MF
Crypto/Giardia Floc/Coag/Clarifier /Filter
MF
Iron/Mang/Arsenic Chem Precip / Mang Greensand
Chem Precip and MF or RO
Hardness Lime softng/Recarb / Filter
RO
Organics Oxidation and GAC RO
TDS Not readily available RO
System Assessment
• Look at compounds that are process dependant, and then add other processes as required for remaining compounds
Surface Water
Contaminant Membrane Process
Turbidity MF
Crypto/Giardia MF
Iron/Mang/Arsenic MF + Chem Precip
Hardness MF + RO
Organics MF + Enh Coag, or RO
Ground Water
Contaminant Membrane Process
TDS RO
Iron/Mang/Arsenic RO or Chem Precip +MF
Hardness RO
Organics RO
Turbidity MF
GUDI MF
Treatment Quality
• Turbidity• Crypto/Giardia• Iron/Mang/
Arsenic• Organics• Hardness• TDS
< 0.1 NTU
Avg 1 to 4 particle counts
Below guideline limits
< 2 mg/L
< 100
< 500
1. MF Feed to NF for Organics
Process Flow• River water• Upflow clarifier• Microfiltration• Nanofiltration for organics
reduction
Results - MF to NF for Organics
Parameter Raw Water
Clarifier Effluent
MF Perm
NF Perm
TOC (mg/L) 13.1 3.5 3.6 <0.5
Iron (mg/L) 0.32 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06
Manganese (mg/L)
0.039 0.077 0.076 <0.004
TDS 120 170 160 <10
Hardness (mg/L) 96 110 110 <0.5
2. MF-NF for Organics Redn
• River water source• Sedimentation clarifier• Microfiltration• Transfer tank• NF for organics reduction
Results – MF-NF for Org Redn
Parameter Raw Water
MF Feed
MF Perm
RO Perm
Turbidity 2 4.5 0.010
TDS 255 263 264 149
Hardness 198 176 195 88
TOC 15.6 12.3 12.0 0.05
3. MF-NF for Turb, Organics, Hardness
Process Flow• River water• Raw water pond• Microfiltration for
turbidity reduction and crypto / giardia barrier
• Nanofiltration for organics / hardness reduction
Results - MF to NF
Parameter Raw Water
MF Perm NF Perm
TOC (mg/L) 15.8 12.4 <0.1
Turbidity (NTU) 0.86 0.02 <0.1
Manganese (mg/L) 0.005 0.005 <0.002
TDS 751 749 <5
Hardness (mg/L) 527 530 1.0
Summary
• The 1-2 Punch of MF / RO’s, can treat most common contaminants in water.
• Reduced number of processes, generally results in smaller footprint.
• Effluent quality from membrane treatment is consistent.
Questions