Microbial Flooding
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Transcript of Microbial Flooding
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Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery
T. Santhoshini Priya
PP 9024
Enhanced Oil Recovery
MEOR
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MEOR
Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) is the use of
microbes in petroleum reservoirs to enhance the amount of oil
that can be produced.
The microbes in MEOR are typically hydrocarbon-utilising,
non-pathogenic micro-organisms that are naturally found in
petroleum reservoirs or are introduced.
As a result of their metabolic activity, the microbes excrete
natural and non-toxic bio-products such as alcohols, gases,
acids, surfactants and polymers.
MEOR
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MICROBIAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (MEOR)
Average size of microbe is one micron, 10,000thof cm. More than 27,000 species of bacteria have
been identified.
The bacteria, which can be mobile or non-mobile, have three basic shapes: round (coccus),rod (bacillus) and spiral (spirillum).
Microbes are the most primitive earth's singlecelled organisms.
Their basic role in life is to recycle thecomponents of living organisms, convertingthem to the nutrient chemicals used by plants in
photosynthesis & chemosynthesis.
Shape of Microbes
MEOR
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MICROORGANISMS
The term microorganisms encompasses five major group of
organisms.
1. Viruses
2. Fungi3. Algae
4. Protozoa and
5. bacteria
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MICROORGANISMS
Second division of micro organism is the eukaryotic
microbes which includes fungi , algae and protozoa.
The third division of micro organisms that can be
distinguished by its physical characteristics is the prokaryotes
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Bacteria
Bacteria have two distinguished structural features that are:
A rigid cell wall that determines the shape of the organism,
which may be either cylindrical or spherical and those that are
mobile that possess flagella which are responsible for their
movement.
Difference in the cell walls of the bacteria furnish the basis for
classification into two broad groups : gram positive and gram
negative bacter ia.
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GRAM STAIN TEST METHOD
MEOR
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KEY MECHANISMS FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY IN MEOR
Porosity and permeability modification
Wettability alteration
oil solubilisation
emulsification
interfacial forces alteration
lowering oil mobility ratio
microbial metabolic pathways alteration by sodium bicarbonate
MEOR
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MICROBIAL PRODUCTS, THEIR ROLE IN ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY, AND
SOME OF THE EFFECTS TO SOLVE PRODUCTION PROBLEM
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ADVANTAGES OF MEOR TECHNOLOGIES
The injected bacteria and nutrient are inexpensive and easy to
obtain and handle in the field.
Economically attractive for marginally producing oil fields;
a suitable alternative before the abandonment of marginal
wells.
According to a statistical evaluation (1995 in U.S.), 81% of
all MEOR projects demonstrated a positive incremental
increase in oil production and no decrease in oil production
as a result of MEOR processes.
The implementation of the process needs only minor
modifications of the existing field facilities.
It is less expensive to install and more easily applied than
another EOR method. MEOR
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ADVANTAGES OF MEOR TECHNOLOGIES
The costs of the injected fluids are not dependent on oil prices.
MEOR processes are particularly suited for carbonate oil
reservoirs where some EOR technologies cannot be applied with
good efficiency.
The effects of bacterial activity within the reservoir are magnified
by their growth whole, while in EOR technologies the effects of
the additives tend to decrease with time and distance.
MEOR products are all biodegradable and will not be
accumulated in the environment, so environmentally friendly.
MEOR
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LIMITING FACTORS - MEOR
High salinity
High temperature
High pressure in oil reservoirs
pH
Pore geometry
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MEOR APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION
Some of the research prior to these MEOR projects were
successful in the field of hydrocarbon-polluted environmental
sites.
Thus, the use of bio - surfactants in pipeline heavy oil as an oil
in water emulsion and cleaning out tank sludges, the use of
bacterial cells as de-emulsifiers, desulfurization, and
production of biopolymers is an effect of using products and
processes arising from MEOR into other applications.
MEOR