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DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGYFACULTY OF MEDICINE HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY

2014

Bacteria:Characteristics Identification

A.R. Sultan, MD., DMM., MScI&I

FK- Unhas

Makassar


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Familiar with these?


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Bacterium

Microscopic, single-celled organisms belonging to Kingdom Monera that possess a

prokaryotic type of cell structure, which means their cells are non-compartmentalized, and their DNA (usually circular) can be found throughout

the cytoplasm rather than within a membrane-bound nucleus. They reproduce

by fission or by forming spores

Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a

few mm in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rodsand spirals


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Morphology

Coccus Bacillus


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Bacteria Cell Structure


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Bacterial Cell wall


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Virulence factors


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Exotoxin vs Endotoxin


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Pathogenesis in general


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ACCURATEMICROBIOLOGY DIAGNOSIS

SPECIMENS METHODS

INSTRUMENTS

/REAGENTS

HUMAN

RESOURCES


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Specimens:

Body fluid/tissue

Blood / LCS

Faeces

Urine

Mucosal swab

Diagnosis:

Direct-Gram preparation

Isolation / Culture

Antibiotic sensitivity tes

Serology and sero-typing testing

Molecular identifications

Bacterial Identification(In general)


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SPECIMEN

BACTERIA MACROMOLECULE

Bottle/med.

transport

Direct

Preparation

Isolation & IdentificationMicroscopy

Ag AbDNA OR

RNA

Bacterial Identification(In general)


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SPECIMEN

DIRECT SMEAR

WET MOUNT STAINING

FLUORESCENCEACID FASTG R A M

A. Direct examinations


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Light microscopy:

Wet mount:

Morphology

Motility

Preparation

a. Gram stain: morphology, Gram positive ornegative

b. Acid fast stain: morphology, Acid fast bacilli

c. Fluorescence: Increasing sensitivity of Acid fastpreparation.

A. Direct examinations


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Gram staining differentiates bacteria by the chemical and physical

properties of their cell walls by detecting peptidoglycan


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Gram staining


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Gram Positive

Gram negative

Gram (+) versus Gram (-)


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Acid fast staining

Acid-fastness is a physical property of certain bacteria (such as M.

tuberculosis) specifically their resistance to decolorization by acids

during staining procedures


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Acid fast staining

B C lt d I l ti


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SPECIMEN

ENRICHMENT MEDIUM

BOTTLE OR TRANSPORT MEDIUM

SELECTIVE/DIFFERENTIAL MEDIUM

PURE CULTURE

Identi f ication GRAM BIOCHEM TESTS DNA Tes RAG

B. Culture and Isolation


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Colony appearances


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Colony appearances


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1. Form and margin

2. Sizes

3. Elevation

4. Clarity

5. Color : pigment,chemical reaction

6. Hemolysis : , , &

Colony appearances


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C. Biochemical Characteristics


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1. Diffusion Test:

a) Disc diffusion test

2. Dilution test:

a) Tube dilution test

b) Micro-broth Panel dilution

Test

3. Combine :

a) E Susceptibility test

D. Antibiotic Sensitivity Test


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Disc Diffusion test


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Thank youany Questions

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