Martin Haag 1

Warsaw School of Social Sciences and Humanities/SWP S

SWPS Campus in Pozna ń

Michał Beim, Bogusz Modrzewski

A Vision of Sustainability, or Spatial Chaos?Polish Spatial Planning and Arrangement Policy Dilemmas in Contemporary Theory,Legislation and Practice

Bogusz Modrzewski Michał Beim

SWPS Campus in Pozna ń 2

Poland – basic information

Poland:� Population:� - total – 38 192 000� - density – 120 p./km2Cities and towns:� - +400k - 7 cities� - 200k-400k - 10 cities� - 100k-200k - 22 citiesUrban population: 61%GDP per capita� - PPP - 13 300 EUR� - nominal - 8 600 EUR Polish cities > 20 000 inhabitants

source: Pancerola

Bogusz Modrzewski Michał Beim

SWPS Campus in Pozna ń 3

Introduction

EU Structural and Cohesion Funds investments throughout Europe can either drive sprawl or support its containment. Investment in new motorways and

other road connections readily attracts new development along the line of the improved transport

links, frequently exacerbating urban sprawl

(EEA Report, 10/2006 p. 18)

Bogusz Modrzewski Michał Beim

SWPS Campus in Pozna ń 4

Polish planning law

own compilation

Bogusz Modrzewski Michał Beim

SWPS Campus in Pozna ń 5

Investment procedures in Poland

Investment procedures in Poland. Source: Own compilation.

Bogusz Modrzewski Michał Beim

SWPS Campus in Pozna ń 6

Practice of investments

I Poland 2007 was:� about 30% of the

development permissions were issued according to local plans

� about 60% according to planning permission,

� over 10% as permission for special public investments Example – city of Poznań

source: A. Radzimski (2009)

Bogusz Modrzewski Michał Beim

SWPS Campus in Pozna ń 7

Planning permition in practice

An example of the misuse of “the good neighborhood rule”. Source: Own compilation.

Bogusz Modrzewski Michał Beim

SWPS Campus in Pozna ń 8

Planning permition in practice

high

function (services – from Technical University)

An example of the “good neighborhood rule”. Warsaw, Politechniki square. The building is still under construction. Photo: Michał Beim

Bogusz Modrzewski Michał Beim

SWPS Campus in Pozna ń 9

The lack of common planning in metropolitan areas

Unusual situation of specific local development competition between suburban communes: new inhabitants, higher incomes…

but no responsibility for infrastructure.

Bogusz Modrzewski Michał Beim

SWPS Campus in Pozna ń 10

The role of transport

� Inversed urban logic: high priority of projected transit transportation needs excludes the investments in real urban infrastructure („we need another hugepower plant, but we do not intend to safe energy instead”)

� The urban design have been converted into (individual) transportation problem

� At the lack of the strong urban planning law, the investments in transport infrastructure decide on land use and on the placement of new investments (urban potential)

Bogusz Modrzewski Michał Beim

SWPS Campus in Pozna ń 11

Trends in Polish transport

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Urban public transport passenger

Regional buses' passengers

Rail passengers

Number of cars

Trends in Polish transprort. Year 1990=100 (1990: 7264 Mio. urban public transport passengers;2084,7 Mio. regional buses' passengers; 789,9 Mio. rail passengers; 5.260.600 passenger cars).

Own compilation based on GUS

Bogusz Modrzewski Michał Beim

SWPS Campus in Pozna ń 12

Trends in Polish transport

Motorisation level:� in Warsaw 536

passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants,

� 515 in Poznan,� 464 in Krakow.

� 463 in Bydgoszcz.

More than Berlin, Hamburg, Vienna orParis!

Bogusz Modrzewski Michał Beim

SWPS Campus in Pozna ń 13

Spendings on transport in Poland

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

R ail (20 000 km) S tate roads and motorways (18 500 km)

Own compilation based on Polish Railways Network and General Management of State Roads and Motorways

Bogusz Modrzewski Michał Beim

SWPS Campus in Pozna ń 14

Spendings on transport in Poland – EU money

EU Programme "Infrastructure and Environment" in billions (10^9) EUR

11,1

4,9

0,6 0,4 0,4

2,0

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Carinfrastructure

Railinfrastructure

Urban PT Air transport Watertransport

others

Own compilation based on Ministry of Regional Development

Bogusz Modrzewski Michał Beim

SWPS Campus in Pozna ń 15

What to do?

Two ways of new urban planning law:� Incentives system: tax and reward promoted development

within (not without) clearly designated and priority urban areas (necessary institution of urban border and regional policy of coordinated infrastructure distribution) i.e. transferred development rights, regional TOD corridors etc.

� Penalties system: strict open space management law, with unnecessary investments outside urban areas or esp. inside protected, prohibited or endangered natural zones.

Mapping development priorities as well as rural reserve and PRESERVE (regional plans) must be essential.

Martin Haag 16

Warsaw School of Social Sciences and Humanities/SWP S

SWPS Campus in Pozna ń

Dr. Michał Beimmichal.beim@imove-kl.de , +49 631 2053813

imove - Institute for Mobility & Transport Kaiserslautern University of Technology

Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 14, D-67663 KaiserslauternFax +49 631 2053905 , http://www.imove-kl.de

Dr.-Ing. Bogusz Modrzewskib@message.pl , +48 505 921830

WSPS - Warsaw School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesCampus Pozna ń

ul. gen. T. Kutrzeby 10, 61-719 Pozna ń

http://www.wsps.pl

Thank you for your attention!