Miata. Blameless Faces. 2008. OUR_FOUNDATION~.htm (accessed June 28, 2009). World Regional...

Miata. Blameless Faces. 2008. http://www.blamelessfaces.com/html/~OUR_FOUNDATION~.htm (accessed June 28, 2009).

World Regional GeographySub-Saharan AfricaSouthern MissMark M. Miller, Professor

Atlas, The Times. Strange Maps. November 20, 2006: strangemaps.wordpres.come

National Geographic. Resources. Retrieved April 15, 2010: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/resources/ngo/maps/view/images/africam.jpg

Robert Lamb. Top 10 Early Hominid Finds and Their Locations. Discovery. Retrieved April 18, 2013 http://dsc.discovery.com/tv-shows/curiosity/topics/10-early-hominid-finds.htm

Iconic Photos. The Leakeys. Retrieved April 18, 2013: http://iconicphotos.wordpress.com/2009/05/20\

/the-leakeys/

http://iconicphotos.wordpress.com/2009/05/20/



Aidsarchive.com

Africa Information-Exit to Africa. Spread of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa, generated by Joint United Nations Program on AIDs: http://www.exittoafrica.com/html/eta_info_africa.html

Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji. Global Access to Clean Drinking Water andSanitation: U.S. and International Programs. Congressional Research Service. September 10, 2012: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42717.pdf

Worldprocessor. Retrieved February 16, 2010: http://www.worldprocessor.com/catalog/world/mainframe.html

World Mapper. Retrieved June 25, 2009: http://www.worldmapper.org/display.php?selected=170

Purchasing power is a measure of what can be bought in the territory in which that money is earned. It is cheaper to live in some places than others.Taking differences in local costs into consideration, this map shows that 46% of world wealth adjusted for purchasing power is in North America and Western Europe. The regions with the most purchasing power per person are North America, Japan and Western Europe. Despite the lower prices found in Central Africa, the people living there still have the lowest purchasing power. The proportion of world wealth found in Central Africa is greater when measured in purchasing power than when measured using exchange rates.“The PPP rate is the exchange rate which would mean that the money you exchange would buy exactly the same basket of goods in both countries ..." Biz/ed, 2006 Territory size shows the proportion of worldwide wealth found there when GDP is adjusted for local purchasing power.

http://www.worldmapper.org/display.php?selected=170

Ethnic Diversity of States, Courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, the University of Texas of Austin

Worldprocessor. Retrieved February 16, 2010: http://www.worldprocessor.com/catalog/world/mainframe.html

Africa

Glassner & Fahrer 2004Africabib. Retrieved January 18, 2006: http://www.africabib.org/africatrans.gif

Africa

“Islamic Front. Muslim nations in Africa.” University of Texas Library. Retreived 09/15/09: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/africa_islam_87.jpg

Bustillo, Miguel. 2010. Wal-Mart Bids $4.6 Billion for South Africa's Massmart. September 28: http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704654004575517300108186976


Introduced capital: Abuja


South Africa•Apartheid: ended 1990•Nelson Mandela

Famous People. Retrieved April 21, 2010: http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/nelson-

mandela-59.php


Mwebantu. December 10, 2012: http://www.mwebantu.com/2012/12/10/ian-smiths-farm-seized-in-zimbabwe-as-robert-mugabe-eyes-election/

Zimbabwe • Apartheid: ended 1979• Robert Mugabe• 230 million percent inflation• Now without own currency

CATO Institute. Retrieved April 21, 2010: http://www.cato.org/zimbabwe

CNN.com. 2009. Retrieved April 21, 2010:

http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/02/02/zimb

abwe.dollars/index.html

Somalia piracyEngland's Royal Navy attack Somali pirates. The Daily Skew. September 7, 2009:

http://skew.dailyskew.com/2008/11/englands-royal-navy-attack-somali.html

Joseph Kony & “Lord's Resistance Army”Politico. Anti-Joseph Kony resolution introduced in House. Retrieved April 11, 2012: http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0312/73949.html

Lord’s Resistance Army. USA for the International Criminal Court. Retrieved November 15, 2011: http://usaforicc.org/taxonomy/term/154

http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2011/07/10/independent-baby-sudan.html

Los Angeles Times. Independence for South Sudan. July 8, 2011: http://framework.latimes.com/2011/07/08/independence-for-south-sudan/#/0

Darfur:Genocide in Sudan

By former Political Geography student Stephanie Latza

Image: The Moving Target. “The Biden Doctrine: Joe Biden’s Call for U.S. Military Force in Darfur Offers Hope to the Victims of Genocide”. Retrieved October 30, 2009. http://themovingtarget.wordpress.com/2008/08/27/the-biden-doctrine-joe-bidens-call-for-us-military-force-in-darfur-offers-hope-to-the-victims-of-genocide/

Terms:• Genocide

• Sovereignty• International human

rights

Muhlenberg College: Institute for Jewish-Christian Understanding. “100 Days for Darfur.” Retrieved October 30, 2009. www.muhlenberg.edu/cultural/ijcu/darfur.html

Stand Up for Darfur. Retrieved October 30, 2009. http://standup4darfur.org/

Who’s Fighting?Janjaweed: Arabic for “man on horse with

guns”. Gunmen hired by the Sudanese

Government to help put down the Sudan Liberation Army…..

Koerner, Brendan. Slate. “Who are the Janjaweed: A guide to Sudanese militiamen.” Accessed November14, 2009. http://www.slate.com/id/2104210/

Image: BBC News, “Sudan: Big Country Big Problems.” Accessed November 14, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3795269.stm

Who’s Fighting?Sudan Liberation Army: "The objective

of the SLA is to create a united democratic Sudan. ..Sudan's unity must therefore ultimately be based on the right to self-determination and the free will of the various peoples of Sudan... on an economy and a political system that address the uneven development and marginalization that have plagued the country since independence,” -Political Declaration published by SLA

BBC News. “Who are Sudan’s Darfur Rebels?”. Retrieved November 14, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3702242.stm

Darfur Conflict Statistics

• 400,000 deaths since February 2003

• 2.5 million displaced peoples

• 200,000 have fled to Chad

• Humanitarian Aid can only reach about 20% of those a

• At least 1 million people are in danger of dying from malnutrition and/or disease

What is the Crisis in Darfur?. http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/daccampaigns/uploads/WhatIsTheCrisisInDarfurWhatIsTheCrisisInDarfurHistory_of_Darfur_FLYER.doc.

Image: Retrieved November 14, 2009. http://backinasecond.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/darfur.jpg

April 19, 2010: http://www.amnestyusa.org/darfur/page.do?id=1351050

http://www.amnestyusa.org/darfur/page.do?id=1351050




Criticism of US involvement

Mike Luckovich. Truth Dig: Drilling Beneath the Headlines. Retrieved October 30, 2009. http://www.truthdig.com/cartoon/item/20060428_luckovich_darfur/

"Diamonds: It's to die for." Flickr.com. 27 Sept. 2007. Web. 09 Nov. 2009. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/toddaustin/1448814817/>.

Thanks to Human Rights seminar student Mary Meyers Franco

Polgreen, Lydia. "Diamonds Mover From Blood to Sweat and Tears." Nytimes.com. 25 Mar. 2005. 09 Nov. 2009

<http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/25/world/africa/25diamonds.html>.

•In Africa, they have been a cause to terrorize many innocent civilians

•Civilians have been forced to mine for diamonds in very harsh conditions with the threat of death and basically no pay (2)

• Rape, amputations, torture, and mass murder are examples of the types of abuse civilians have suffered from (1)

2.) "Blood Diamonds." History.com. The History Channel. 09 Nov. 2009

<http://www.history.com/content/blooddiamonds/about-blood-diamonds>.

1.) Workman, Daniel. "Blood Diamond Countries." Internationaltrade.suite.101.com. 09 Nov. 2009

<http://internationaltrade.suite101.com/article.cfm/blood_diamond_countries>.

Flow of Blood Diamonds

• Sierra Leone

• Angola

• Democratic Republic of Congo

• Liberia

• Ivory Coast

"Blood Diamonds - Conflict Diamonds." Geology.com. 09 Nov. 2009 <http://geology.com/articles/blood-diamonds.shtml>.

** Blood Diamonds

Statistics

• 1990s Sierra Leone civil war led to 50,000 deaths and thousands of amputees

• Civil war in Angola was responsible for 500,000 deaths and 100,000 maimings

• Made $4 billion off of blood diamonds between 1992 and1999

• Republic of Congo stills has conflict today

• Hundreds of millions of blood diamonds still transported out of country each year

• Responsible for 2.5 million deaths and millions of wounded victims

Workman, Daniel. "Blood Diamond Countries." Internationaltrade.suite.101.com. 09 Nov. 2009 <http://internationaltrade.suite101.com/article.cfm/blood_diamond_countries>.

•Young boy lost both hands to Rebels’ Machetes in Sierra Leone(Left)

"Conflict Diamonds." UN.org. 21 Mar. 2001. Web. 16 Nov. 2009.

<http://www.un.org/peace/africa/Diamond.html>.

•Child soldier lies paralyzed with tetanus in a backwater hospital. © Chris Hondros(Right)

Campbell, Greg. "Blood Diamonds." Amnestyusa.org. 2002. Web. 16 Nov. 2009. <http://www.amnestyusa.org/amnesty-magazine/fall-2002/blood-diamonds/

page.do?id=1105119>.

Prevention

•The Kimberly Process: Protects against blood diamonds entering the rightful diamond supply chain. Officially adopted in 2003

• It is mandated by the United Nations

•74 governments are now apart of the Kimberly process

•99% of the global production of rough diamonds is done by Kimberly Process participants

"Conflict Diamonds." DiamondFacts.com 09 Nov. 2009 <http://www.diamondfacts.com/conflict/index.html>.

Red Areas = Participants in the Kimberly Process

"The Kimberly Process." Wikipedia.org. Web. 11 Nov. 09. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Kimberley_Process

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Kimberly_Process_Map.svg

Requirements of the Kimberly Process :

•Each shipment of rough diamonds crossing an international border must be: • Transported in a tamper-resistant container • Accompanied by a government-validated Kimberley Process

Certificate

•Each certificate must be resistant to forgery, uniquely numbered and describe the shipment's contents

•The shipment can only be exported to another Kimberley Process participant country

•It is illegal for uncertified shipments of rough diamonds to either be imported or exported by a Kimberley Process participant country

•If any concerns arise regarding a country's adherence to the Kimberley Process, they are investigated and dealt with at an intergovernmental level

"Conflict Diamonds." DiamondFacts.com. 09 Nov. 2009http://www.diamondfacts.com/conflict/eliminating_conflict_diamonds.html

"Conflict Diamonds." DiamondFacts.com. 09 Nov. 2009http://www.diamondfacts.com/conflict/eliminating_conflict_diamonds.html

"Conflict Diamonds." DiamondFacts.com. 09 Nov. 2009 http://www.diamondfacts.com/conflict/eliminating_conflict_diamonds.html

System of Warranties Sheet

Facts to Know about Diamonds•Conflict diamonds have been reduced from approximately 4% to considerably less than 1% since the implementation of the Kimberley Process in 2003

•An estimated 5 million people have access to appropriate healthcare globally thanks to revenues from diamonds

•Diamond revenues enable every child in Botswana to receive free education up to the age of 13

•Sierra Leone is now at peace and exported approximately $125 million diamonds in 2006

•Approximately $8.5 billion worth of diamonds a year come from African countries

•An estimated 65% of the world's diamonds come from African countries

"Diamond Facts." DiamondFacts.com. Web. 16 Nov. 2009. <http://www.diamondfacts.com/facts/index.html>.

Make sure that the jeweler is willing to spend time providing the information you need. A reputable jeweler should:

•Only use suppliers who can provide a guarantee that their diamonds are from sources free of conflict

•Have a conflict diamond policy

•Be able to answer a customer's questions about the topic

"Buying With Confidence." DiamondFacts.com. Web. 16 Nov. 2009. <http://www.diamondfacts.com/confidence/index.html>.

"Conflict Diamonds." UN.org. 21 Mar. 2001. Web. 16 Nov. 2009. <http://www.un.org/peace/africa/Diamond.html>.

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