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Definition of Instrument Transformer

Instrument transformers means current transformer & voltage transformer are used in electrical power

system for stepping down currents and voltages of the system for metering and protection purpose. Actually

relays and meters used for protection and metering, are not designed for high currents and voltages. Highcurrents or voltages of electrical power system can not be directly fed to relays and meters. CT steps down

rated system current to 1 Amp or 5 Amp similarly voltage transformer steps down system voltages to 110V.

The relays and meters are generally designed for 1 Amp, 5 Amp and 110V.

Definition of Current Transformer(CT):- A CT is an instrument transformer in which the secondary currentis substantially proportional to primary current and differs in phase from it by ideally zero degree.

CT Accuracy Class :- A CT is similar to a electrical power transformer to some extent, but there are some

difference in construction and operation principle. For metering and indication purpose, accuracy of ratio, between primary and secondary currents are essential within normal working range. Normally accuracyof current transformer required up to 125% of rated current; as because allowable system current must be

below 125% of rated current. Rather it is desirable the CT core to be saturated after this limit since theunnecessary electrical stresses due to system over current can be prevented from the metering instrumentconnected to the secondary of the CT as secondary current does not go above a desired limit even primarycurrent of the CT rises to a very high value than its ratings. So accuracy within working range is maincriteria of a CT used for metering purpose. The degree of accuracy of a Metering CT is expressed by CTAccuracy Class or simply Current Transformer Class or CT Class .

But in the case of protection, the CT may not have the accuracy level as good as metering CT although it is

desired not to be saturated during high fault current passes through primary. So core of protection CT is so

designed that it would not be saturated for long range of currents. If saturation of the core comes at lower

level of primary current the proper reflection of primary current will not come to secondary, hence relays

connected to the secondary may not function properly and protection system losses its reliability.

Suppose you have one CT with current ratio 400/1A and its protection core is situated at 500A. If the

primary current of the CT becomes 1000A the secondary current will still be 1.25A as because the

secondary current will not increase after 1.25A because of saturation. If actuating current of the relayconnected the secondary circuit of the CT is 1.5A, it will not be operated at all even fault level of the power

circuit is 1000A.

The degree of accuracy of a Protection CT may not be as fine as Metering CT but it is also expressed by CT

Accuracy Class or simply Current Transformer Class or CT Class as in the case of Metering Current

Transformer but in little bit different manner.
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Theory of Current Transformer or CT :- A CT functions with the same basic working principle

of electrical power transformer, as we discussed earlier, but here is some difference. If a electrical powertransformer or other general purpose transformer, primary current varies with load or secondary current. Incase of CT, primary current is the system current and this primary current or system current transforms tothe CT secondary, hence secondary current or burden current depends upon primary current of the currenttransformer .

In a power transformer, if load is disconnected, there will be only magnetizing current flows in the primary.

The primary of the power transformer takes current from the source proportional to the load connected with

secondary . But in case of CT, the primary is connected in series with power line. So current through its

primary is nothing but the current flows through that power line. The primary current of the CT, hence does

not depend upon whether the load or burden is connected to the secondary or not or what is the impedance

value of burden. Generally CT has very few turns in primary where as secondary turns is large in number.

Say N p is number of turns in CT primary and I p is the current through primary. Hence the primary AT is

equal to N pI p AT.

If number of turns in secondary and secondary current in that current transformer are N s and I s respectively

then Secondary AT is equal to N sIs AT.

In an ideal CT the primary AT is exactly is equal in magnitude to secondary AT.

So from the above statement it is clear that if a CT has one turn in primary and 400 turns in secondary

winding, if it has 400 A current in primary then it will have 1A in secondary burden.

Thus the turn ratio of the CT is 400/1A

Error in Current Transformer or CT.

But in an actual CT, errors with which we are connected can best be considered through a study of phasor

diagram for a CT,
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Is - Secondary Current

Es - Secondary induced emf

I p - primary Current

E p - primary induced emf

K T - turns ratio = numbers of secondary turns/number of primary turns

Io - Excitation Current

Im - magnetizing component of I o

Iw - core loss component of I o

m - main flux.

Let us take flux as reference. EMF E s and E p lags behind the flux by 90o. The magnitude of the passers

Es and E p are proportional to secondary and primary turns. The excitation current I o which is made up of twocomponents I m and I w.The secondary current I o lags behind the secondary induced emf E s by an angle s. The secondary current is

now transferred to the primary side by reversing I s and multiplied by the turns ratio K T. The total currentflows through the primary I p is then vector sum of K T Is and I o.


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The Current Error or Ratio Error in Current Transformer or CT

From above passer diagram it is clear that primary current I p is not exactly equal to the secondary currentmultiplied by turns ratio, i.e. K TIs. This difference is due to the primary current is contributed by the coreexcitation current. The error in current transformer introduced due to this difference is called current

error of CT or some times Ratio Error in Current Transformer .

Phase Error or Phase Angle Error in Current Transformer

For a ideal CT the angle between the primary and reversed secondary current vector is zero. But for an

actual CT there is always a difference in phase between two due to the fact that primary current has tosupply the component of the exiting current. The angle between the above two phases in termed as Phase

Angle Error in Current Transformer or CT.

Here in the pharos diagram it is

the phase angle error is usually expressed in minutes.

Cause of Error in Current Transformer

The total primary current is not actually transformed in CT. One part of the primary current is consumed for

core excitation and remaining is actually transformers with turns ratio of CT so there is error in currenttransformer means there are both Ratio Error in Current Transformer as well as a Phase Angle Errorin Current Transformer .

H ow to Reduce Er ror in Curr ent T ransformer

It is desirable to reduce these errors, for better performance. For achieving minimum error in currenttransformer, one can follow the following,

1) Using a core of high permeability and low hysteresis loss magnetic materials.

2) Keeping the rated burden to the nearer value of the actual burden.

3) Ensuring minimum length of flux path and increasing cross sectional area of the core, minimizing jointof the core.

4) Lowering the secondary internal impedance.

Potential Transformer Definition


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Potential Transformer or Voltage Transformer are used in electrical power system for stepping down the

system voltage to a safe value which can be fed to low ratings meters and relays. Commercially available

relays and meters used for protection and metering, are designed for low voltage. This is a simplest form

of Potential Transformer Definition

Voltage Transformer or Potential Transformer Theory

A Voltage Transformer theory or Potential Transformer theory is just like theory of general purpose

step down transformer. Primary of this transformer is connected across the phases or and ground depending

upon the requirement. Just like the transformer, used for stepping down purpose, potential transformer i.e.

PT has lowers turns winding at its secondary. The system voltage is applied across the terminals of primary

winding of that transformer, and then proportionate secondary voltage appears across the secondary

terminals of the PT.

The secondary voltage of the PT is generally 110V. In an ideal Potential Transformer or VoltageTransformer when rated burden connected across the secondary the ratio of primary and secondaryvoltages of transformer is equal to the turns ratio and furthermore the two terminal voltages are in precise

phase opposite to each other.But in actual transformer there must be an error in the voltage ratio as well as in the phase angle between

primary and secondary voltages.

The errors in Potential Transformer or Voltage Transformer can best be explained by phasor diagram, andthis is the main part of Potential Transformer theory

Is - Secondary Current

Es - Secondary induced emf

Vs - Secondary terminal voltage

R s - Secondary winding resistance

Xs - Secondary winding reactance

I p - Primary current

E p - Primary induced emf
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V p - Primary terminal voltage

R p - Primary winding resistance

X p - Primary winding reactance

K T - turns ratio = numbers of primary turns/number of secondary turns

Io - Excitation Current

Im - magnetizing component of I o

Iw - core loss component of I o

m - main flux

- phase angle error


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As in the case of Current Transformer and other purpose Electrical Power Transformer, total primary current

I p is the vector sum of excitation current and the electric current equal to reversal of secondary currentmultiplied by the ratio 1/K T

Hence,I p = I o + I s/K T

If Vp is the system voltage applied to the primary of the PT then voltage drops due to resistance and

reactance of primary winding due to primary current I p will comes into picture. After subtracting this

voltage drop from V p, E p will appear across the primary terminals. this E p is equal to primary induced emf.

This primary emf will transform to the secondary winding by mutual induction and transformed emf is E s.
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Again this E s will be dropped by secondary winding resistance and reactance, and resultant will actually

appear across the burden terminals and it is denoted as V s

So if system voltage is V p, ideally V p/K T should be the secondary voltage of PT, but in reality actual

secondary voltage of PT is V s.

Voltage Error or Ratio Error in Potential Transformer (PT) or Voltage Transformer (VT)

The difference between the ideal value V p/K T and actual value V s is the voltage error or ratio error in a

potential transformer, it can be expressed as ,

Phase Error or Phase Angle Error in Potential or Voltage Transformer

The angle between the primary system voltage V p and the reversed secondary voltage vectors K T.V s is

the phase error

Cause of Error in Potential Transformer

The voltage applied to the primary of the potential transformer first drops due to internal impedance of

primary. Then it appears across the primary winding and then transformed proportionally to its turns ratio, to

secondary winding. This transformed voltage across secondary winding will again drops due to internal

impedance of secondary, before appearing across burden terminals. This is the reason of errors in potential

transformer.


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It is seen from the ratio error that the difference between actual ratio and turn ratio is due to the secondary

current I 2 and the no load components I w and I m. To minimise these errors the following methods should be

adopted :

Method to minimise errors in PT

1. In order to minimise the errors the no load current components I w and I m must be kept verylow. This reduction is possible only when the core of transformer is made of good quality

material, short magnetic path and low flux density in the core.

2. By reducing the winding resistance and leakage reactance , these losses are reduced. The

resistance can be reduced by providing the winding of thick conductors and by adopting the smallest

length of mean turn.

3. By providing a suitable turn ratio i.e. the turn ratio should be less than normal ratio. This is done by

reducing the number of turns of the primary or by increasing the number of turns of secondary. This make

actual ratio equal to normal ratio

State the advantages of instrument transformers.

Used for extension of rangePower loss is minimumHigh voltage and currents can be measured.

. State the disadvantage of instrument transformers. Cannot be used for dc measurements.

. What are the constructional parts of current transformer? Primary windingSecondary windingMagnetic core.

. Name the errors caused in current transformer. Ratio errorPhase angle error

. Define ratio error. The ratio of energy component current and secondary current is known as the ratio error.

. How the phase angle error is created. It is mainly due to magnetizing component of excitation current.

. State the use of potential transformer.


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Used for m/s of high voltageUsed for energizing relays and protective circuits.

. Name the errors caused in potential transformer. Ratio errorPhase angle error.

. How the CT and PT are connected in the circuits.

CT is connected in series and PT is connected in parallel.

Difference between CT and PT

CT PT


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Current transformers are used when themagnitude of AC currents exceeds thesafe value of current of measuringinstruments

Potential transformers are used wherethe voltage of an AC circuit exceeds750 V as it is not possible to provideadequate insulation on measuringinstruments for voltage more than this

The current transformer is also knownas series transformer

The potential transformer is also knownas parallel transformer

The secondary of CT is virtually undershort circuit conditions when the

primary of CT is energised

The secondary of PT can be left opencircuited without any damage beingcaused either to the transformer or tothe operator.

the primary current and excitation of aCT varies over a wide range undernormal working conditions

Under normal conditions, the linevoltage of the PT is nearly constant.The flux density and the excitingcurrent of a PT varies between smallrange

The current in the primary of CT isindependent of secondary windingconditions

whereas current in the primary of PTdepends upon the secondary circuit

burdenCT carries a full line current PT carries a full line voltage.

The function of the DC-Voltmeter and multi range voltmeter:-


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13/23

LED Vs LCD Monitors

The LED monitor is the new boy on the block. Both TV's and monitors are being sold as LED TV's andLED Monitors. both of these types of screen are in fact based on the same technology - the LiquidCrystal Display (LCD). The LED part is to do with how the display is lit. The LCD panel has an always

on backlight to brighten the whole screen. As for LED monitors there are a few choices of how todisplay the lighting on these panels, they are Edge LED's, Direct LED's and RGB LED's. For moreinformation the types of LED monitors visit our LED Monitor Article.

Now just because the only difference between the monitors is the way that its being backlit, does notmean that there aren't some very real differences between the two monitor types. The difference in lightcauses many differences with the quality of the monitor. We will explore these differences and see whichof the monitor types comes out on top.

Black colour and Contrast Levels

One of the problems with the LCD backlit screen is the poor contrast ratio's. This is due to the backlight being always on. There is a single light on the LCD screen which obviously is required to be on all thetime otherwise the screen would be black. This does cause a problem however when trying to display a

black colour on the screen, some of the light will always squeeze through meaning the deepest blacks arevery hard to display correctly, especially when next to a brighter colour, hence the lower contrast ratio.

The cheaper LED option which is used on most mainstream displays is the Edge LED lighting. whenLED's are lined up on the edge of the screen to light the display, even with this however because theydon't all have to be on at the same time the display can produce better blacks than the LCD panel. The

better LD option in the more expensive models is the Direct LED, these have LED's directly behind thescreen and can be turned on or off / dimmed as and when they are needed and this creates much better

control of the pixel brightness and so a much higher contrast ratio can be achieved.

So when looking which is the best choice in term of contrast, then the Direct LD monitor is certainly the best. The Edge LED can be considered better than the LCD screen but not by a great deal.

Colour Accuracy

With colour accuracy, the LCD panel does not really have any disadvantages from the LED displays,Like we mentioned before the technology is the same in reality and so colour accuracy is not affected agreat deal. However there are a few exceptions, Black as we mentioned above will be better in the LED

panels. However if you are lucky enough to own one of the high end RGB Direct LED screen then the

fact that these specialized coloured LED can help produce better quality of colours. At time of writinghowever these are very expensive and are only found in TV's and not monitors, this is likely to change asthe technology becomes more mainstream, but for the time being we will say that colour accuracy is nota big factor in the comparison of LED vs. LCD monitors.

Size and Weight of the Display

This is an easy win for the LED monitor over the LCD, because an LED monitor can be much thinnerdue to the lack of back light and the fact that LED's weigh next to nothing means this section is a no-

brainer. If we are talking about screen size and not overall size including the casing then there is verylittle difference as both can get to around 70 inches diagonal. The big win here is the thin nature of the

LED screen. The Edge LED models are thinner than the LCD counterparts, the Direct LED models are
http://www.pantherproducts.co.uk/index.php?pageid=ledmonitorhttp://www.pantherproducts.co.uk/index.php?pageid=ledmonitor


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however slightly thicker due to the lighting still being behind the screen, whether they are thinner or notthan an LCD screen will depend on the model.

On the left is an LED monitor with Edge LED lighting, on the right a typical LCD monitor both fromside view. While the LCD screen is not a bulky screen, its obvious to see how much thinner an LED can

be made.

Longevity of the Screen

So how long will your screen last once you have purchased it? The manufacturers of the LCD panels saythat the life of an LCD screen should be 100,000 working hours. However many reports suggest thatsome form of degradation sets in way earlier than that. This is due to the backlight failing or at the veryleast not being at the same quality as when new. While firm data on LED monitors is not quite with us,there is strong evidence that LED monitors will outlast that of the LCD's. Some manufacturers areclaiming up to 5 times the life of an LCD screen, but we are very confident that in terms of life the LEDdisplay will win this showdown.

Price

Everyone's favourite section of these comparisons is the price section. Well the price difference is verymuch in favour of the LCD screens at this time, but this is not to do with how much it costs tomanufacture an LED monitor compared to that of an LCD monitor. Its simple that LCD panels aremanufactured in a much larger quantity at the moment and that drives the price down. Once LED screens

become the major technology type and are produced in much higher volumes (when the markets acceptthe technology as the best option) then the price of the LED screen will fall. This will happen at some

point in the future, so while the LCD screen does win this round on price it won't be one that it can holdonto for too much longer.

Viewing Angle

It may stand to reason that the lighting can affect viewing in some forms, viewing angle of the screen isnot affected by LED's, so for this round its a complete draw. Viewing angles are often reported with alittle exaggeration. They claim angles of >150 degree's but in reality the angles you can view the correctcolours perfectly are quite small. If you are viewing on and LCD or LED screen now you can do this
http://www.techmind.org/lcd/colour.htmlhttp://www.techmind.org/lcd/colour.html


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test and just see how much you have to move you head to see the colours making a change. All the rowsof the colours are the same from top to bottom, but you wont see this.

Power Consumption

Its generally accepted that LED's use less power than the CCFL's (cold-cathode fluorescent lamps) in anLCD screen. If for no other reason that the CCFL's are always on and LED can be switched offindividually if not required. While it seems very little data is out there on the subject, the few places Ihave managed to research from have all concluded that the LED monitors are much more energyefficient than the LCD monitors.

Conclusion

While the difference between the two monitor types is only the way the backlighting is produce, this canhave some big effects on the screen and the picture it produces. The LED panels are much better atgiving a more accurate picture and also give you a thinner and lighter screen (and while it may be a

matter of opinion I also think better looking screen). LCD screen are still cheaper at the moment but itwont be long before LED's can compete in the price market. One last thing is for those that care aboutthe environment, the LED screen don't contain any mercury unlike the LCD panels and for some thatalone is a good enough reason to plump for the LED Monitor.

For another perspective there is a good YouTube video below of a direct comparison between the LCDand LED monitors

DYNAMOMETERER TYPE WATTMETER

It consists of two fixed coils f1 & f2 and a moving coil M which is pivoted on the spindle between the twofixed coils. the coils are air cored to avoid hysterics losses.The fixed coil forms the current coilcarrying the main current moving coil forms the potential coil and carries current proportional to thevoltage of the circuits fixed coils are connected in series with the load moving coil connected acrossthe supply a pointer is attached to the spindle which moves over a graduated scale.

constructional parts of dynamometer type wattmeter? Fixed coilMoving CoilCurrent limiting resisterHelical springSpindle attached with pointerGraduated scale

Working principle:

When the load is connected and supply is closed current flows thro the current coil, where as potential coilcarries current proportional to the voltage applied these currents produce their own fluxes, the interaction
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between the two magnetic flux develops a deflecting torque on the moving coil and attached pointer

deflects on the graduated scale.

Dc power measurement:

The current flows i1 in the fixed coils produces the flux density B

i1 BUnder the influence of this flux density B current flowing in moving coil i 2 will produce deflecting torque

I.e. T d B i2

Td i1 i2 We know that current i2 in moving coil is proportional to applied voltage V f is given by,

i2 V

Td V X i1

Td power consumed by the load

AC power measurement:

Let v= V m sin t Current i 1=I m sin (t - )

Td V m sin t x I m sin (t - )

Td V I cos


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Td power consumed by the load.

Construction and principle of operation of single-phase energy meter.

Induction type of instruments are used only for A.C. measurements .hence the induction type

of energy meter is used to measure energy consumed in A.C.circuits only.

Construction:

An induction type single phase energy meter, which is shown in above fig. mainly consists of

(i) a driving system (ii) a moving system (iii) a braking system and (iv) a recording mechanism.

(i) The Driving system :

The driving system consists of two electromagnets (1) a series magnet and (2) a shunt magnet.

The series magnet consists of u shaped laminations of silicon steel, which are insulated from one

another and pressed together to form the core. a coil of thick wire having a few turns is wound on

both the legs of the core and is connected in series with the load.

The shunt magnet consists of a no of M shaped silicon steel laminations which are insulated

from one another and pressed together to form the core of the shunt magnet.


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In order to obtain the deflecting torque the current in the potential coil must lag behind the

applied voltage by 90. in order to achieve this condition a copper shading band which in nothing but

a short circuited copper ring is provided on the central limb of the shunt magnet. A shading band

acts as a short circuited secondary since its resistance is small as compared to its inductance. The

current circulating in the shading band lags behind the supply voltage by 90 0 . the shunt magnet

produces a flux 2 due to the current I 2, flowing through its coil & is proportional to its supply

voltage but is in quadrature with applied voltage.

(ii)The Moving System:

The moving system consists of a light aluminium disc mounted on the spindle. The

aluminium disc is mounted between the series & shunt magnet. The spindle is supported on jewel

bearings. As there is no control torque, the disc continuously rotates under the action of the

deflecting torque due to the resultant magnetic field.

(iii) Braking System:

A permanent magnet, known as Brake magnet is positioned near the edge of the aluminium disc.

When the aluminium disc rotates under the magnetic field produced by the brake magnet, an emf is

induced in the disc due to which, eddy currents circulate in the disc in such a direction to produce a

torque, opposing the rotation of the disc.the position of the brake magnet is adjustable & hence the

braking torque is also adjustable.

(iv) Recording Mechanism:

The function of the recording mechanism is to record continuously a number, which is proportional

to the number of revolutions made by the disc.

Working Principle:

A single-phase induction type energy meter is used to measure the given electrical

consumption in a given circuit over a given period of time. When the energy meter is connected to

the supply and load is applied, line current I 1 flows through the current coil. The alternating flux 1

is produced which is in phase with I 1. Potential coil carries I 2 proportional to the supply voltage V

and flux 2 is produced by it in quadrature with V. Therefore there exists a phase difference between

the 2 fluxes 1 and 2. The interaction between these two fluxes produces a driving torque, so the

disc starts rotating. The number of revolutions made by this disc is directly proportional to the

energy consumed by the load.

Deflecting torque T d = k V I 1 COS

Breaking torque T b N


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For a constant speed of disc T d = T b

N P

N T= PT

Name the constructional parts of induction type energy meter. Current coil with series magnetVoltage coil with shunt magnetAl discBraking magnetRegistering mechanism.

How voltage coil is connected in induction type energy meter. It is connected in parallel to supply and load.

. How current coil is connected in induction type energy meter. It is connected in series to the load.

Why Al disc is used in induction type energy meter .Aluminum is a nonmagnetic metal.

. What is the purpose of registering mechanism. It gives a valuable number proportional to the rotations.

. What is the purpose of braking mechanism. It provides necessary braking torque.

. Define creeping .Slow but continuous rotation of disc when pc is energized and cc is not energized.

. State the reason why holes are provided in Al disc. To avoid creeping holes are provided on both sides of Al disc


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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGR.V.COLLEGE OF ENGNEERING. BANGALAORE-560 059.

Date : 22-07-2013.

WORKSHOP DETAILS UNDER TEQUIP-II

SL.No.

PARTICIPANTSNAME

WORKSHOP TITLE DATE AMOUNT

1. Madhu B.R RENEWABLE AND HYBRIDENERGY SOURCES AND

CONTROL, EEE, RVCE

7th 8 th March

2013.

Rs.1,250-00

2. K.M.Ajay Rs.1,250-00

3. Dr. S G Srivani

POWER QUALITY ANDCUSTOMIZED DEVICES, EEE,

RVCE

3rd 7 th June 2013.

Rs.2,000-00

4. C.Sunanda Rs.2,000-00

5. J.N.Hemalatha Rs.2,000-00

6. R.Latha Rs.2,000-00

7. V.Prema Rs.2,000-00

8. B.R.Madhu Rs.2,000-009. Dr. Anupama

PrakashRs.2,000-00

10. Dr. AnupamaPrakash GRID TECH EXIBITION, NEWDELHI

3r April -5th April

2013

Rs. 10,000-00

11. C.SunandaFUZZY LOGIC AND ANN

APPLICATIONS, EEE, RVCE27 th - 31 st May 2013.

Rs. 2,500-00

12. R.Latha Rs. 2,500-00


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13. Sharath B Rs. 2,500-00

14. Dr. AnupamaPrakash

Rs. 2,500-00

15.

Adinatha Jain QUALITY MANAGEMENT ANDMAINTENANCE PRACTICES,

IEM, RVCE

27 th 29 th January2013.

Rs. 2,500-0016. A.Krishna Murthy Rs. 2,500-00

17. R.Kodandaramaiha Rs. 2,500-00

18. K.M.Ajay LOW POWER SOLUTIONS FORCOMMUNICATIONS, E&C,

RVCE

19 th 20 th April 2013

Rs.500-00

19. Madhu B R Rs.500-00

20. Suresh C MATHEMATICALAPPLICATIONS IN RESEARCH,

MATHS, RVCE

16 th -17 th April,

2013

Rs.2,000-00

21. Hemalatha J N RS 2000-00

22. Dr. R Jaypal EMBEDDED SYSTEMPROTECTION, J.V.SELECTRONICS PVT.

LTD.,Bangalore

14 th 15 th Feb 2013.

Rs.12,000-00

23. Dr. S G Srivani Rs.12,000-00

24. Dr. A Sridevi VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATIONFOR BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL

PROCESSING & SYSTEM ---

Rs.3,000-00

25. Dr. Rudranna Nadihalli ADVANCEMENT IN POWER

SYSTEM CONTROL &AUTOMATION, EEE, RVCE

25 th 28 th

March2013.

Rs.3,000-00

26. Dr. AnupamaPrakash

Rs.3,000-00

27. Sharath.B ADVANCES IN COMPUTER NETWORKINGTECHNOLOGIES,CSE, RVCE

4th 7 th March2013.

Rs.3,000-00

28. B Mruthunjaya Rs.3,000-00

29. J.N.Hemalatha COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUEIN ENNGINEERING RESEARCH,

MATHS, RVCE

8th- 10 th April 2013

Rs.2,000-00

30. A.Krishna Murthy SAFETY AND SECURITY ATWORK PLACES, IEM, RVCE

16 t 17 t

April2013.

Rs.2,000-00

31. B Mruthunjaya HIGH PERFORMANCECOMPUTING AND

VIRTUALIZATION, CSE, RVCE

21 st 23 r March2013.

Rs.3,000-00

32. R.Kodandaramaiha PROCUREMENT ANDINVENDORS MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM, IEM, RVCE

9th 10 th May 2013.

Rs.2,000-00

33. Hajira Bee Rs.2,000-00

34. Dr. Srivani PMU & WIDE AREAMONITERING SYSTEMS,EEE

DEPT, AIT, BANGALORE

10-05-2013

--

35. Sunanda.C--


22/23


23/23

RVCE,BANGALORE 2013

58. K M Ajay ADVANED MATERIALCHRARECTRISATION AND

ANALYSIS

27 t July2nd Aug

2013

Rs. 3000-00

59. J N Hemalatha

REAL TIME EMBEDDEDSYSTEM,ECE Dept. RVCE

5th Aug2013 - 9thAug 2013

Rs. 2000-00

60. V Prema Rs. 2000-00

61. Adinaatha Jain Rs. 2000-00

62. Prema V PATHS AND PROCESSORS TOACHIEVE EXCELLENCE IN

TECHNICAL EDUCATION,RVCE

14th Aug2013

NIL

63. S G Srivani

64. Sunanda C

ZERO WASTE AND ENERGYINDEPENDENT CAMPUS,

Organised By RVCE

21st Aug2013

NIL

65. Hemalatha J N

66. Adinaatha

67. Prema V

68. Madhu B R

69. Chayapathy V ADVANCED TRAINING

PROGRAM ON PV CELLS,EEEdept UVCE, Bangalore

19 th 22rdAug 2013

Rs 2500.00

70. G S Anitha RS 2500.00

71. S G Srivani

POWER ELECTRONICS INSMART GRIDS, EEE Dept,

BMSCE,Bangalore

19 th Aug2013 -23 rd Aug 2013

RS 2000.00

72. A Sridevei RS 2000.00

73. Sunanda C RECENT TRENDS IN POWERELECTRONICS, EEE Dept, UVCE,

Bangalore

23rd Aug2013-24thAug 2013

Nil

74. Hemalatha J N75. Suresh C WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

AND SENSOR NETWORKS, CSEDept

20th Aug2013-25thAug 2013

Rs 2000

TOTALRS.:-

RS1,61,000.00

Dr. Jayapal.RProf. & HOD, EEE Department.

Mi 2nd Internal

Documents

Transcript of Mi 2nd Internal