Mhealthmnch Evidence Final (1)

7/29/2019 Mhealthmnch Evidence Final (1)

1/52

mHealtH and mnCH:

State o the evidenceTrends, Gaps, Stakeholder Needs, and Opportunities

For Future Research on the Use o Mobile Technology

to Improve Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health

William C. PHilbriCkmhealth alliance, Un oUndationJury 2013


2/52


3/52

table OF COntentS

acknowledgmentS 4

liSt o acRonYmS 5

eXecUtive SUmmaRY 6

intRodUction 9

BackgRoUnd 11

methodologY 12

liteRatURe Review 151 Sury 152 lrur Sys Rs Prusy Pub s 153 Supp ars Sr 19

landScaPe Scan 23

keY inoRmant inteRviewS 231 Surs e 232 h ky irs Us e 243 ts Rpr by ky irs 24

diScUSSion o gaPS and ReSeaRch oPPoRtUnitieS 291 typs mnch irs 292 Rr Suy ds 333 msur irs 344 crssu apprs 34

conclUSion 39

aPPendiX a: lsp Siusr Sus 41aPPendiX B: ls ky irs 44aPPendiX c: h esys Srs 45

endnoteS 46


4/52

First, I would like to thank the mHealth Alliance or its

support in the preparation o this report. I owe a debt

o gratitude particularly to Patty Mechael, Executive

Director o the mHealth Alliance, whose commitment

to promoting quality research on the use o mobile

technologies to improve health has been inspirational. I

would like to also acknowledge Carolyn Gulas, intern

with the mHealth Alliance, or her contribution to this

report, and Madhura Bhat, ormer Deputy Director o

the mHealth Alliance, or her role in providing such

a supportive working environment. Thanks also go

to Yvette Eevbera, Francis Gonzales, and Margeaux

Akazawa or their editing and thoughtul comments in

reviewing the report.

I would also like to express my gratitude to the mHealth

Alliances Evidence Working Group, especially Chaitali

Sinha rom the International Development Research

Centre, Martin Were rom the Regenstrie Institute and

Indiana University School o Medicine, and Gladys Faba

rom the Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, or the

amount o time they spent reviewing the drats o this

report and their insightul comments and suggestions.

It was a delight to work with individuals who are not

only experts in the feld o research and inormation

and communications technology, but who are also

committed to understanding how mHealth has the

potential to reduce health inequities and improve

health systems.

In addition, I would like to express my appreciation

to Caricia Catalani rom the University o Caliornia-

Berkeley School o Public Health and InSTEDD, Alain

Labrique rom the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School o

Health, Garrett Mehl rom the World Health Organization,

and Marc Mitchell rom the Harvard University School

o Public Health and D-Tree International, or their

constructive eedback and encouraging words.

I would like to thank each and every key inormant I

interviewed or this report including: Heather Cole-

Lewis rom Yale University; Helga Fogstad o the

Government o Norway; Craig Friderichs rom GSMA;

Richard Gakuba o the Government o Rwanda;

Annette Ghee rom World Vision; Judy Gold rom

Marie Stopes International; Christopher Grey rom

Pfzer; Anu Gupta and Alice Fabiano rom Johnson

& Johnson; Nadi Kaonga rom Columbia University

and the Earth Institute; Barbara Mittleman, Wendy

Nilsen, and William Riley rom the National Institutes

o Health; Mwendwa Mwenesi o the Government

o Tanzania; Camielle Noordam rom UNICEF; Laura

Raney o FHI 360; Sandhya Rao rom USAID; Dianne

Sullivan rom Vodaone; Rachel Vreeman rom AMPATH-

Kenya and Indiana University School o Medicine; and

Fredrik Winsnes rom NetHope. The time and unique

perspectives they provided me have been invaluable.

Lastly, I would like to express my appreciation to my

riend, colleague and ormer boss, Madhu Deshmukh

o CARE International, or being a mentor and instillingvalues that have helped me to understand the role that

underlying social, gender, and economic dynamics play

in health.

aCknOWledGmentS


5/52

p

liSt OF aCrOnYmS

acoy dscpo

arVs a-rrrs

bSe Brs S-ex

CHW cuy hwrr

CitPH cr r i ty Pub h

dFid Uk dprr irdp

eid ery i dss

GSma gSm ass

HUb h UBu

iCt ir cu

ts

imCi ir m c isss

lmiC lr mi curs

m&e mr eu

mama mb a rmr a

mdGs mu dpgs

mnCH mr, nbr c h

nOrad nr ayr dpcpr

nGO n-gror

niH n isus h

ntd n trpdss

PePFar Prss eryP r aidS R

PHi Pub h isu

PmtCt Pr mr--c trsss hiv

rCt R cr tr

SmS Sr mss Sr

tba tr Bra

USaid U Ss ay

r irdp

WaSH wr, S, hy

WHO wr hor

WlH w hiv


6/52

eXeCUtiVe SUmmarY

bcgou: mb y, prury b

u y, s rsy b pr b prrs ex bu p h rs spy by b pp r urs r pp ry ss srs h srs r b us r rs ss, su s rps srs, s r, qus prs r rsurs

as bs suppr h s s rys, b uy s jus b r p r h py

pr prr rsus S p b us r r rsr u hprs p b prrs ary,r quy ru yrrus rsr s r s prry r brr h uy

Ocv: i r s ss sry, h a s ss s rpr prs s s ssss psyss urr s h,us r, br, (mnch) s us s t r s ssss psyss sur s rpr s 1) y ps bs 2) r urrs ur rsr s ps bu bs r h t rprs y s rsrs h r mnch bs

t prry u s as ewr grup r srs r us h r mnch

mhooogy: t y r s rpr s

u r prs:

1 lrur R xs pubs rs rs h (s sp ) mnch;

2 lsp S urr prjs rprrs u h (rsr) ssp mnch;

3 ky ir irs us rprs sp s r r yps rs r, suppr /rus r s sp h mnch

ky fgs:4 t urr by h mnch

s us r r rs,prury rrs r ppspr br rs

5 i ps mnch r, s cu 2015, sr r prrsr u h mnch, rs s r mnch uu r u rr rr : 1) rsrp pr; 2) r prr r pr ; 3) Pmtct;4) r sp ur s r ; 5)bs r pu; 6) r r

6 gb rs subj s prur srs ps rssu pprs su s: sysssr; s up; r; ps; urs r srs

7 a r r r rur r,sp s, y r rss ps rs rr, ryp, sur rs rssupprs r s t rquy sus usr rrus s (su s rr rs suy prs) s rs

8 au ubr y rs xprss sr r r h us, sp s r rsus r us u rs s prryr sry sur us


7/52

rcoos:Rs r rss ps h r mnch u

:

Srs us , prury s fu rsr , ,pr, uy u s u s ps

grr rs su b y, pur ss , us urussus prjs h mnch xsbu r rf rur r y sr b uy

t rsr us b r h u r u rss b

uy, py prur b rs b prrs jrrs

gps ru h mnchsu b s pprus r uur rsr


8/52


9/52

intrOdUCtiOn

t h a ss suysur s rpr r s

us b y (s s h) pr mnch t purps suy s y rs, ps, srs pprus r rsr ts rpr s rr e wr grup h a r srs rs r y suppr us b y ary, s rpr s rsr ps rs rsr prrs b srs fu rsr ruh t e wr grup s rup us r r rsr h p s r y y ssus pr us quy ru h

t suy s u r prs: rs s rur r urry b pubssus x us h r mnch; s, sp s sus us us h r mnch; r,rs 26 u y rs us rprs rus yps srs h mnch (, r rs,rsrrs, prs, )

t ps us ru subjy s p up prsp sr srs rrr r py sr ps rpurpss s suy, p rs u: 1) rr suy ss; 2) yp mnch r;

3) sur rs ; 4) rssu pprs r y fu by b rs

t r urry b rur

rss y rs, prury s rsr uy, r s puy h r mnch sus py rsrrs ypy sr sr rr r rr quy suy ss u:

cr, u rspr srp suys, u s s jus r suy s r prur rsr quss;

R;

c bs ;

cprs rups;

Su sp s;

Ury r rrs bs r ps sus

i rs y ps rr suy ss,r r p rr r y ps yps mnch rs b su iy

ps s rr rs r subjprsp sr

t urr by h mnchrprs pr-r ry rur s us r rs rsr ry, prury rrs r

ts, Gps, Sho ns, Oppous Fo Fuu rsch o h Us o

mo tchoogy o ipov m, nwo, Ch Hh


10/52

pps, ss rs prbr ary, s yrs p ps

mnch r y nots y ps s us b ps pr ss srs

au r r ry p rr u ps yps mnch rs, r ss u r s r r prrss mdgs 4 & 5 t u-spry, u-su br, cu 2015, rsprrss 75 urs r r 95% r s ur, u 49s- urs i ps mnch r,s cu 2015, sr r

prrs r u h mnch, rs s r mnchuu r u rr rr :1) rs rp pr 2) rpr r r pr ,3) Pmtct 4) r sp ur s rs 5) bs r pu; 6) r rSus u p us h prPmtct rsus r py bs urr ruru r r urus sus prjs ush r Pmtct r r r bry p r urry b r up rpub

ky rs urs r rur rs h mnch r usurs s s spr p ry my y rs, prury s rs ngos, h susus us s r prry r srysur rs o s prsss xprss by y rs s r s h uy rbus pr sus r ms susppr h mnch rur us rs

su s sby, usby, pby, rur ss, pps (, s) r urr y s surs r pr

gb rs subj s prur srs ps

rssu pprs w s rs b rs : 1) sr syss pr quy r; 2) s up prrs

by r rs s ps r r pp; 3) sus prrs;4) urs p -bsrs; 5) y ury srs r ss quy srs tsrs srs, prury rs, rqus h rbus :

Sr uy syss;

S-up r srs;

Susby ;

ip s;

Ru qus u s r

a r r r rur r,sp s y r rs s ps rs rr, r yp, surrs, rssu pprs, rs t rquy sus us r rruss u r r rs suy prs s rs mr rrussuy ss r b us u us h mnch uu r ur

cu 2015, u s mnch rsr r s , su s Pmtct ubr rs br

t sp s r r sus r us u rs s prry r srysur us ts u rsu r ry rby, ry rby, ur rs su s r (s) xus brs

lsy, r rsrrs r p rssu pprs suy ss by x u h r prsps : 1)sr syss; 2) s up; 3) ruqus by rpr syss yss, s-ss sus , ssr r, syss suy ss


11/52

ts rs r s ps ,r, r ruy r rr r y srs ruy rf sus i

ps r s, srs us ,prury s fu rsr ,u , pr, uy us u s ps tr r urussus prjs h mnch r s rf rur r rys y sr b uygrr rs su b y, pur ss lsy, rsr us b prry r h u r u rss b uy, pyprur b rs

b prrs jr rs

i r s ss sry, ha s ss s rpr o ps hfgs o s ssss gps yss

o h cu s o h vc Hh,

usg , wo, ch hh s us

cs1 t r s ssss psyss sur s rpr s y ps bs, pr rs ur rsr s ps bu bs r h t prry u s Rpr s as e wrgrup2 r srs r us h r mnch

baCkGrOUnd

mb y, prury b uy, s rsy b pr b prrs ex bu p s b s h3 rsspy b y b pp

r urs r pp ry ss srs hsrs r b us r rs ss, su s rp s srs, sr, qu s prs,r rsurs

as bs suppr h surp yu, b uys y r p r h

py pr prr rsus myrs u h sus r pr pprus s up r mrr, r s y s s b s s rbu s r xs syss a 2011 rsuy ss by h a rrus h sus pr sr s-ss s prry brrr s r s supprr h t uspry ur h, spss rus rs r y s, s rbu spr

ur h s rubyrspsb r ry s rr u bs y

S p b us r r rsr u h prs rsus b prrs4 ary, r quy ru y rrus rsr s rs prry r h uy5

t bs r suppr h s p b prrs s sr r s yrs s r rsrrs uh rsy us r rrus rsrs su s r, bs suy prs rups t r rr up s, p up sus r purps s rpr, rs rbu rrus suy:

1 Clear and ullu suy s,u s r r suy s;

2 Us prs rups,

ps b pr;

3 c bs r;

4 Us ry-bs s y, r ps sus;


12/52

5 Su sp s;

6 trspry ss rsus, u

usr, uxp us r r ypss r suy

iy, sus u b pubs pr-r jurs

w rrus suy s rbu quy , purps s rpr s ssss quy is, s rpr s ys rs rs h r mnch bs gu

quy b subj xrs pup prsp sr s us

w b quy suysrs quss s-bs y b quy rs-bs ss rs ury s rs

crbu r urur r rbus r bs rqurs prss urs ry y sr s,y 1) urr s spps bs 2) rus srs us ( purps r b us) 3) sp bys srs, rf rs b srs ps sys ts s y rr yps suy ss, prur r r b su (, r, Pmtct, ry bsr srs),rssu pprs (syss yss) sru surs (, p, prsssurs) o ps b s srs b r, rsr rs b prr, us pr

t s s rpr su b

us r l ssss quy, yps s subj xrs p up prsp y r ary, s rpr s pr bj r rus ps s ru r b rur r prsps

r yps srs r rss sys

metHOdOlOGY

t y r s Rpr s u r prs:

1 lrur R xs pubs rs rs hand(s sp ) mnch;

2 lsp S urr prjs rprrs u h (rsr) ssp mnch;

3 ky ir irs us rprs sp s r r yps rs r, suppr /rus r s sp h mnch

ir rspss r ry r ssu cs r ru rr

a priori

ts r s r sb bs suy sp, b rsurs ssbpy ty r urbrs bss subjy by pr suru y rs, ps, sr s rsr pprus i su b , r, srs subjy s y ssryp y ps

t s s rpr r sps s p s rpr s rhr, y ur ush mnch, bsrs r rxp bs

1. lu rvwrs, r xs rur h r mnch s u xu xs bs mnch s s s s rr rss: rs, mnch s y


13/52

rs h s us; s, mnch s bby s prry r xpy ru mdgs4 5, py ru mdg 6; r, sr y

s h a prr mnch,u mb a r mr h a),6 noRad-suppr i wr grupy r prr, pr suppr --ru s us b y pr rs s EveryWoman Every Child7

t sp sr r mnch s y brmr u, bu s :

Sxu rpru

y p

a, pr, rpru ps r

dry (ry)

mr prss (psy ssus)

mr ry, r :- hrr- hyprs srr- hiv- Spss/is- abr- obsru br- a- ep pry- Pmtct

nbr u sr s, brs r ur ass r xu uss y r pr yss r su urr r ur

Sr rs u r b rs: h, b ps, by, h, ps, x ss,

r, bsr, , r, br,pr, , r, , ,brs, sxu , rpru, y

p Srs r rs prrspubs r urr r 2009 Ju 2012 bsup ssup s rur rs

pur r rsr sus pubs prr 2009

lrur prrs x squs us b ps by rs r r ( r xs) us ps r bsy r xu ars xus rrs h, r -brs ict r s xu, s r rs suss h u xp us s r mnch lrur prrs pr r s su s hiv, r, ubruss bs r xu, uss y xpy r

/r r ur

Bus rsrs, u rss pubsrs rqur py r ss i suss, r s rr r rs bsr

t rur r pubs rs r srpr u:

R ry pubs rur rs sys rs h y sp mnch;

R pub bss r rs ry rur rss h y sp mnch (bss bss sr u:g Sr, my; cr cbr,cpb cbr, 3ie, gSma, Pubm wr h or Bu);

R rs ssu: h as hUB, k4h,mbar Ry trp isus

h l Rsur Ss pr

a 1760 rs us r us rus sr rs, prpr s r up r xus rr


14/52

w ru y pyur s rur r prss, s pr rsr s u r

cr r cpb prss us rsys rs s s s ypy us rur rs pubs by jurs

2. lscp Sct sp s urr prjs su uy xu xs h r mnch ts u r :

nih c Sus bs;

nih Prj Rprr bs;

vrus rs rs prjs prrs by rs, bss ssrs, u h a hUB, Jshps gb h i, k4hr,mbar, gSma, 4 mbr;

2012 Rpr iry h hprjs ru r u r a by citPh Phi;

Upubs rprs, rs srpspr by y rs r

3. ky io ivwstp rs r u ur pr apr 2my 10, 2012 26 us rprs sp srs; ssrs us r s sp b h mnch t bj rs s r ps yss, s s urs usrs r usrs r r rs (, yps sus, rs, r

rs, ) ts us rprs rs u:

ngos/iprs

Rsrrs/a

grs (rs lmic)

Pr sr

a/rsr sus

mu rs

w r y b ubr r yps sr (, us), u pyssus, o-o covc sp s us y y rs hr, ssupury suy s s prur sp u rsp ry rsp r s ppu r prsprsp h srs, s appx c

h esys Srs

ky rs r r rs, s rs r bprs rsrrs ( xps y s r 26 b b)

CateGOrY

ngos/prs 9

Rsrrs 11

gr

dr

ar

7

5

2

Pr sr 5

nrs/sss 3

mu rs 2

ay, y rs s xpr r b mnch h, 17 y rsr (65%) 9 r (35%), 14 y

rs r US-bs (54%)

ky rs r r p r ruSyp, xp u y br Rsps r s p-quss, xu r u pup s r r r l quss


15/52

r purpsuy ts quss u (bur ssry ): w surs r yu s rb r bu yur prs

bs ( r h mnch)?

w srs yu us yuus r?

i yur p, r prsp yur r Xr, p rs yu b r s qu bs ( h mnch)?

r yur prsp X r, r prry ps rsr rs (h mnch) su b prr r uurrsr u rs?

literatUre reVieW

1. Suyau pr-r jurs r rur rrsy rss r p h,8 rur r urr r ubr rs u h mnch xs w s r by s s s, r rsr us rrus suys u us h rss mnch rpru uu r sppr b ry rur9

t us h pr rsus mnch prrsuss pp rrs rs ss r r r srs, SmS ss pr -sbrs, b p pps r pr (ury, rby pss)

tr b pubs sus rpr rr h us (,rby, ry r )

t rur r r ubr pubs sus u h s pp mnch o s sus r pubs, usrrus rsr s su s r prs rs hr, jus s yr,

r pprs b up ubr susu h pp mnch rr r us r rrus rsr s sus

t rur r s b br prs:

1 R rur sys rsprusy pubs

2 R rsus supp rssr, u b pr-r -prr rs

2. lu Sysc rvwsPvousy Push

t rur sr r:

2 rur rs, b pubs 2011, xpy x pubs r h s sp mnch10

1 sys r u by gr lsUrsy ksuu u by who, ppub 2012, x ss b p y pr mnch lmics

1 upubs su ppr u rurr sus h mnch pubs 2002, 2009, 2010 201111,*

2.1 tamrat and kaCHnOWSki

literatUre reVieW

ts tr S ks u rur r (rr, tr ks)pubs 2011 pr s r us, brrrs srs r rh, us pr pr us12 tr sr u 34 rs us s h r pr r

ss ry (r p 28 ys br) ss uu r r mnchs by who13

*t s s ppr rrr s rur rs supp rs sr rr b spy suss


16/52

o 34 rs r sr rr, tr ks 26 sus us uv s, 4 sus us uv

s, 4 sus us x uv uv s14

tr ks rs us hr mch bu u sus usxusy us h pr pr srs15 tr ks y rs r suy rr us h pr , u:

ery rspss

P--r-suppr

h pr

d

es

tr ks ussbs up r rpr prs rur:

1 Hh oos c hp s c ug c ug osc s -bs rs () r r brs us prs r pryps s rs r ry rspr;16() bsr rr b y rsp ps s ry srs urpry-r ps;17 () ursr br s ur rrsr r bsr ps b ps pprpr ryrrrs; 18 () us 24-ur bsr bp-bs p s ys

ss bsr rs

2 Hh syss c us Hh o ohu cpcy ssus - bs rs () qupp s b ps p r su spss pr bsr suppr r s;19

() qupp uy-bs rrs suprsrs r su yrrrs ry ss20

3 Hh c suppo oo o hhpooo py hough sho-ssg

svc (SmS) o xpcg ohs - bs rs () us SmS ssr pr pps us;21 () pr srs s s r bsr r;22 ()pr pr r SmS sss ur pr pr;23 () s u sss pr prrss pry24

4 Hh povs coco g - bs rs () pr SmS prrs r syss rrs pr r y prrss;25, 26, 27 () prur rrs i purs u rrs,pr r sus rp r r rr sys ssb byrur prrs;28, 29 () pr r rrs s r ss pry, ur ur rs rur rs30

5 Wh h u o cs gpush o h coocs fc

pcos o Hh, h w push

sus h os h cos-cvss

o vu cooc fs o gg

Hh souos.31

ar tr ks, sr suy s prs s rur r sur by ubr rs, rf rrus suy s, u:

ls ssus y prs suy;

ur ss rsr y ;

n b pubs pr-r jurs;


17/52

...tHere iS a SlOWlY emerGinG eVidenCebaSe USinG mOre riGOrOUS metHOdOlOGieSinClUdinG randOmizatiOn, baSeline data,COmPariSOn COHOrtS (COntrOlS) andClearlY dOCUmented StUdY deSiGnS.


18/52

ur rpr prs rups r prqu s s bsr;

cu rs y (y)fu rsus;

l b u uss bs qu r prrs sr s

a suy srs by tr ks u :

w s rs ppr us rrus suyy, s r by x qu qu y, rs r rprs sprjs pru us

b r bjs32

w r rrus suy s usqu yss ppr b us sr rs pps s, pr , r pubs r r prry r r srp r33

w ubr sus srpr ss r sr us(su s ), rs ss srs rs pps s, s sus rs suprs s us34

w rs r b pubs srb bss ru h, u ps r rus srs, r r rs rur bs prs ussr s-y sus35

2.2 nOOrdam literatUre reVieW

ar rur r u by byc nr (rr, nr), us

xusy r sr us usb ps nr srb rus s ry rur us prjs u r s r rbus ps, r r prjs xs y pubs 36 nr u

s rs rss r ys r ry37,

nr srb sr ry prjs m, U,m, Srr l g us s r s s u r r rs us r syss (br r us bps) pr us ru ys pr y38

ar nr, r r prjs uy us b ps rpr py r rrs by s prs38 asu nrs r r rrs :

a 2010 Lancetr rpr prry rsus prj R sur us rs ss r srs s ry rs t prj us x ss x r us rrs, rs sps40

a r srb p prj t usrs prs suppr pr br, ur r ry t r prsus rs p rrrs subj prps uy rrs r us rups rrs ssus su s ur usss ssy -ups401

or rs srb - sus u suy 2500 us x sss r pp rrs412 ou rs up quy srs, s br r rby ry

nr ubr ps rurpr rsr h r r

ts ps u:

l -bs sus us y ss rs;


19/52

l sus us rs r p rs;

l bs ;

l r rup;

l r u rs423

ky ps rs rur bynr u:

e r s-up;

ayss b h sur yry qup;

Rsr us h pr u pr ss rpru srs;

e us h by -rsus, r rs rs urr ss s, su s su, ry434

crry tr ks, nrs r ubr rs srrr r nr rr r quy rsrs suy s ay, sus r s tr ks u yss sr rr uss rr us h, rsnr us r up srb prjs sus u rur sr

2.3 WHO-SUPPOrted Great lakeS

UniVerSitY kiSUmU SYStematiC reVieW:

PreliminarY FindinGS

t prry rpr upubs who-supprgr ls Ursy ksuu sys r

(rr, ksuu r), s ss us b p-bs rs r mdgs lmics, rpr rsus r mnch sr rrPrry rsus ksuu r u yss r us rr is,

ksuu r prs srps rpubs sus ts sus u:

a suy g u by tBas us x ss rry pr rpr r brs a s rpr pr rry, u ur ry445

a suy u ss (xsss pps) pr u rs prs r tx ss s r pps pr, u prs rs456

a suy y SmS r s r

rs rry u BSe t suy rpr b bss ru BSe (,russ, busy, xy) i s rpr r rs s s rr rs s rs (302% by sx ,p


20/52

11 rs r xusy scpv ur (rpr sp suy) r rsr ys srb;

9 rs rpr sus us xusyvws, ocus goup scussos o suvys( u r);

3 rs prs suy poocos;

1 r s sysc vw478,

t rsus supp rs sr r uss prs rur rsr puy sus us rruss u h x

mnch, sry sus us us s sur rs hr, rs sy r bs us r rruss u r, bs ,prs rs (rs) ry usuy ss

Sr h rur r bry, hr mnch r sr r pss susu y s rs usby,sby pby w r pprs b ru r bs u h us u surs, s sus rrr r hiv r, r ss srs (, ss, pps)r us s prxy sur r us

S y s mnch r rsrpr supp rs sr u :

t jry rs rss us h c ccssg o pos c svcs49, 490, 501, 512, 523, 534 pubs sus rss us h

p pr r

a s ubr rs y us h r coco g r su s br rsr, r

rsr, r r r,rsr prs, ur sur pspru rr uy(, by s, rrs, rs, )545, 556, 567, 578, 59, 58

Project Masihambisane, pubs pr rSu ar, s pr s pr bs bus s usr r rr u prs r Pmtctprr59 au xusy us u us ps , r s us

ps (rp SmS xs ur rs) r ru r, p qusrs r prps r

t r s r pr rs pov uy o oucos hh o pg wo hiv ru ps s rup ssss -bs sry pr r brsr Pr wlh (n = 1200) r ryss by (n = 8 s) rprr, msbs ( = 4 s, = 600wlh) r sr r Pmtct r (= 4 s; = 600 wlh) t suy s us ubr pys urs r r r us prrs t r prry us ur ps r -rsur ss60

t jry rs , rpr sus, prs suy s rs usy, sy ccpc s ouco

sus61, 62,63, 64, 65, 66 hr, r y b s r r rs ubr pubsrs r prs rpr p h

us hh ouco sus Susurs u ry,67 r(u s suy),68 pry

ts sys r uy sr rr sr sh s us s yss hr, s r bus

sys r s u by b r xprs,

rss y rs r , xp r urr x us ps r prrs


21/52

us,69 r us,70 xys71 p rr pys -b72,

t rs x h y b u r g o pcuy vupopuos u sp brr ppus73 urb pr ps- rs74Sr rs rss soc s srus sr s bss us h,u y r rsr sus75, 76, 77, 78

a s r rs rpr s us h p poocos (1) pog79 (2) /o ccsvcs ts sus u () r

r r ky r pr r r prry u b rr pr r;80 () qu suy s rr qu suy t ru imci, x usr prp us prs ssss prr r imci prs81w rpr pr r sus us b s pr prr, s suy rpr spr -r imci prs, sp psprps us s82

o suy pubs, bu pr-r pub, rpr s suy usFc o us sxu poucv

hh vouchs mgsc83 ts s srp s suy ps ongoing projectus rburs urs r sxu rpru srs t us s s suy s rr mr Sps irs bs srs ur rburs s, s s SmS r s t s r pr sx s, sr r p ur prj brury 2011 u

Juy 2011 S-sruur rs sr prs brs srss p prss r us

sru y prr sss rs

o r, pubs who Bu, rpr prry rsus Unice-suppr suy r Project Mwana zbus h ( prr p) xp ry eid hiv s rsus84Bs r 19- rrsp prs pr sys r 7 pr r s rsus uy ry r prss brry y sp r SmS m urru r rsu y r442 ys pr-p 267 ys ps-p t ru urru s

ssy s 90% s (9 10)t rr s sy, r 668 ys pr-p 350 ys ps-p t suy s b zb m, bu prry rsus rzb x rsus hiv ss sy sr s bsp rsus r s rrs w p s sr urru r ry hivrsus xp hiv-ps s aRvr pr rby ry, r s prry rpr u u r xp ry s rsusr b u

h u rs r h sus b urr u lsp S s


22/52


23/52

landSCaPe SCan

t sp s r xs r

u r rrus sus us h mnch pr by urryb t h a r citPh Phi y r h h prjs r mnch by a rqus a, Phi us 13 lmics u suy ur pr b my 17,2011 Jury 31, 2012

t Phi suy 230 prjs rsi , 70 p prjs usspy mnch 13 urs85 o 70, 36r ar, 27 as, 7 l ar 18

r rs86 t Phi suy hpps mnch r r s prry r ss p ps s r89

a sr nihs ctrs bs pru106 sus us b ps, bu y 4 sr rr r s rpr

n p ry r sus s pr r purpss s rpr, b ubr usv sus r ss r urry u bsr bs h mnch (See Appendix A:Landscape ScanIllustrative Studies).

a r s usr sus r sussr sp s r s rrs sp ru h mnch t s bus r s rs susus r rrus suy ss; r r ubr r r rs ury r ry p

tr r s sr sus b u usprs rups, bs /rrr sp ss, pr u srps rsr

prs, pr juss r s suys nby, r r srb ubr susury r r b us us sprry sur rs t sp s y y sus ry us r rr

t h sus sp sr rss r uu r r ps ur cu

2015, u Pmtct eid, s s urusrs br u s,pr brs pr yu ur, p imci prs, prr r, pr rrr r, yp r rs sxu rpru crssu rs b su u s-up prrs, s-ss, uy rr prr, suppy s mnch rs

keY inFOrmant interVieWS

1. Soucs o evcSrs ss r yps surs t sur ps up ur sr ( purps r s us) Rsrrs s ss ry ry up sus pr-r jurs r r -rsrrurprs or rsrrs, yrs y rury ss pr-r pubs r ury us h mnch ts -rsrr y rs y ry r ry surs u:

Prr us;

cr prss;

crss us;

wbss su s br;

e surs r rs by r-

y s rs su s mr h tsr, iry ts r r Ru mr mr y ir-ay ts t r Pr mr--c trsss;


24/52

t us srs p byrs r r bs su s who PePaR

tu y y rs ruy sspr-r rs, rs r sr s s pr i prur, ury us, srs brsr r rbu by pr-r sus

2. How ky ios Us evci r r bs, yrs s ry p up yp r y r :

ky rs govs us srs prjs suppr u r pyrs,prury us r b bus S s r prss r s srs b t r y rs yp up rsrrs r bu ps rsr b suppr u

ky rs r schrs r r rsrrs r yp r us () r r sus, r r prs ss rs y, s u sursr () u s rs r r rsr S u us r rs u r yps rs rrsr s

ky rs pv sco us busss s us, rr rs, y p r rs , s ss, ss bu u suppr

ky rs r ps r nGOs u s r u r how r srs, rr wh sr srs r t yps srs r r uby r srs rsprrs S prs, prury r ngos,

us r rs u r pr s ssus su s rss s rs

ky rs uoogos us r srs pr rs rs

ty ps ss r b uy u ,y rs t sss s r y rs rprsrs/sss r r/r prsp

(See Appendix B: List o Key Inormants Interviewed).

3. ths rs y ky os

a. StUdY deSiGn and rCts

gry, jry y rs (58%) u Rcts bsr h ( mnch), s ubr yrs (26%) p h (mnch xs rs) r yps susu b jus s ub , y sus, rub Rcts t h rrs ryps suy ss p up rsrqus ypss b s

tr s r urs ssus r su br sus us r rrus rsr y(pr srp sus), u usprs rups (py psb pr), bs r, uy rspry srb rsr y,s rsus

ts y rs p r pss us u Rcts sch ry ts r r p r s p qu u qu

sus r pg ogos govs

B r s sp s rrRcts suy y:


25/52

Pp ry u ryps s; s s rry s Rcts r ys bs (r

xp) Rcts r r urspx br prs (rsrr)

ty s up rsr pr By p ( pubs) Rct suy,bus s y, suy b rr (2 prs, b rsrrs)ms sus r rqur (by rs) srsus sr by prj i s pr r usu p ryrrsps y s88 irsps, r y r y s

y y , ury prss rsr usr ss

t b ub rsr, quss (bsu) us b ry ru t s ys b (1 r y r,1 rsrr)

w r s r hpys rr r rbu(2 r y rs, 1 rsrr)

mx s sus r s r: rs prss suppr (ry r)

w s s r rsr urs r r h sry(rsrr)

b. HealtH OUtCOme indiCatOrS

nry y rs (42%) u h ( mnch r xs) rs hh oucos, us surs su

s rby, ry ur rs ery yr r r sr h uys r prr us, prury o rry, y r pr/ngo prs

ssry u r, rs su s xus brs rs, rr r r su

prxs r s sus

o y r (pr/ngo) r u r s bsr s s pr prj ur hr, r r r u rs b bsr rysr r su s r rs ( r ), s uur (bu r xps sur) ur (r ur), r s sur bu ys bs r r bus s s ss

my sus us h pr prr uy rrs (chws), s pr , prury r try c hr, sr y rs sus u rss s chwprr rs s sus ppu

C. COSt-eFFeCtiVeneSS

t rs s r 39% y rsrs r rbus sr s-ss py h sus rmnch ty srss urs hrbus s s prury pr lmic xs bus syss u rsur ps irs r r b prbs rsr s r rr uby bupprs r r i rsps,s r r rs prssur pru u r y sp oy r sr rsrrs r b sr h uy prs p, ysu b b sr h

qu p s pr urr srs i ss, s-up h sus s bjus by sr ss s b ppruy ss


26/52

d. SCalinG UP PilOtS and

GeneralizabilitY OF FindinGS

apprxy 31% y rs, u y

rs r, srs hrs b s-up p s ts y rs s hsus r u s ps rr rsus r rb r xs or y r prps supp rp sus r xs ss

ar y r r bsspy ps, prury ru pby; r qus r us b psu b quy p r chwppu s pr s p rup chws

b rry-p r p rprsps us b ps

ms r y rs xprss rs r pog vuos, suy rs ru r mnch pr sp sus o su y r rsbs prps xu us r sub-rups su s hiv sp r ppus ar y rr sbs rr r sby

e. SYStemS analYSiS

R ssu rby s s s, y rs ppy syss yss p y bs mnch w yrs r r r us mnch s us s, 20% , pruryr rs rsrrs, ps syss rsr rh mnch r rs, su s hiv tB, ppy ps sys ts suppr y h r mnchrsr syss yss xprss r

rss r urus pr syss rsr rs us us ss mnch ur syss yss w r rs ubr us r r srs su s Pmtct ur pry rss rss, s y rs r

syss yss ur r br r us syss s as y r sr:

i rs r [ h rsr], rsr ury b ss w ruys r sus suusyrss up ssus (mu ry r)

ar y r, rsp us prj s r r sys s:

w (rsr) prjs upsr sysy ( ss b sr prj r y r r

sys) (gr y r)

F. SHarinG and diSSeminatiOn OF eVidenCe

a ubr y rs r ry busy r s u s b r surry b r tr r urus prjs rsr ps srrsus u bs h mnch ts s r r sr rss r b usky rs sr rss r s u r pubs pubs sus us h S jr sr r y rs u :

a ngo/pr y rsxprss y b s pr h uy s b sur, srr xprs y r tr s prp y h uyr r ub r u r u brrb uy

tr s r r rus u prs sr prj rsus r, ps

pr sr pr prsr (r y r)

tr r y r xps , buy r b r, sys r us nrs s b pur ur


27/52

quy r ru pr r quy(r y r)

w s r ps urs y y r as rsrr sr, u b su s b (rsrr)

Sr y rs r r rsb rsrrs u br rsrsr s u rss b spss, rs pyrs

o y r s b pr

rsrr ry pubs pr-r rur sbs bs s pr bus up yrs pubs, r yrs rsr yrs r pubs

G. USinG tHeOretiCal FrameWOrkS

and tHeOrieS OF CHanGe

a ubr rsrrs, prs r y rs rr quy s ususs u b pr byy b r , srss bs rrs b r sr xp, br rs su sr r h s chws r r prs r rs p brs pr r -b

ar sr prs, rsrrs r y rs, r s s b r ry ts u b sr rsusrr r srs r h pys sr rsus t ry su u p rsr quss u rs

H. UnderStandinG SOCial

and CUltUral determinantS

Urs s uur ys us h mnch r rs s bss u rsr, r 20%

y rs rprs rsrrs, prs rs as rsrr rr:

w urr s sss fu brs; urs uur s fus brs[us su br ry] us urs r ry s sss

mup rsrrs ur ppy ryss s h rsr, prury susu rs rs w hs b us rs ss srs rpr , s h r mnch rsrprjs r rpr r rr ts

s y rs bus r rr prsrrs urs pr rpr ys pr sps rrss r y lmics Urs b ps r by rys, u ssrr r r ss srs, sr y r b p srs rs r srs

issus ru qus sprs r by sr y rs o rprss h s s p r pp ry ss srs, y bus rp s pry bus bus s uur r bsup prjus s t h s y sr sur r h b us ru qus sprs s ppus


28/52

We need (reSearCH)PrOjeCtS tO tHinkUPStream and tHinkSYStematiCallY(GOVernment keY inFOrmant)


29/52

diSCUSSiOn OF GaPSand reSearCHOPPOrtUnitieS

dur prpr s rpr, b ppr ps ur rs: 1) rr suy ss 2) yp mnch r bsu 3) sur rs 4) rssu

pprs r r by b rsiy ps s r subjy ps up prsp prs b s

au r ps s ,rs s ps s rpr su b ss uur pprus r prs, urs

rsrrs, prury s h bs s r

t rr s p s y ps h mnch rpurpss s rpr

1. typs o mnCH ivos

1.1 areaS OF mHealtH and mnCH FOr WHiCHtHere iS a mOre eStabliSHed eVidenCe baSe:

dO We CHallenGe tHOSe FindinGS?

t ps su b ys rs h mnch brsr r r r rsrs r ss s t prpr

Fgu 1: evc gps Hh o mnCH wo

Go Hh

ts

Couow

o 2015

lu rvw lscp Sc ky ios

meaSUrement

indiCatOrS

Process

Intermediate (e.g.,

attending appointments)

Health outcomes

riGOr

Comparison groups

Baseline data

Clear and ull description

o methodology

Justifcation or

methodology

Theory-based

Sufcient sampling size

CrOSSCUttinG

Strengthening health andcommunity systems

Scaling up and integrating

health services

Sustainability and fnancing

Implementation science

Reducing health inequities

tYPeS OF interVentiOn

Impact on reducingchild mortality

Impact on improving

maternal health

Coverage gaps in MNCH

Continuum o services

Inrequent mHealth

study topic


30/52

g 6 rrs b hiv/aidS, r r sss

rur h mnch s us :usby, sby p h; us h r 89

( mnch); us h r pprrs (, ss); us h pr ss ry bsr r by ru s- tr dys ss s ryr ts sus us tr dys prryus rs ys y: 1) y s pprpr p r bsrry 2) y r s brs90

as prusy s rpr, Phi suyu rsr h mnch sr py(pss )

suppr h rbu :

ipr p su -uppps;

ipr sr u;

h s rus;

Usr ss srs;

ipr rs ry prs s brs91

tr s b s sus prps r sr psy br us b ps92

a y rs r uss Phi suy y subs bs suppr r h pr

Y, sr surs sr r s su rb ss rr

r h w r y b prry us rbub h, y s sus r u us p prrs, s r ssry rb r xs

r xp, r r ubr pp r

h mnch s b , u prs, s s su y us rb ss bu

usr pby o y r rr s usr pby (us chws) rr p rs r rb s-uprs rr ubr r usrs rs s xpr tr s rs rr p uy rrs s r rr s sy u b s prsps us b ps r r

1.2 WHiCH mnCH interVentiOn areaS alOnG

tHe mnCH COntinUUm OF Care and WitHin

mdGS 4 & 5 SHOUld be PriOritized in tHe

mHealtH reSearCH aGenda?

Bus s ur bsr h r mnch, sus rs mnch cuu cr, pr r br r ry rr (See Figure 2).

ms y rs r r r buprr sp mnch rs r rsr xp Pmtct

a y rs sus usrs r rsr u b mnch rs prrby rs b uy tsrs u b s rs b uy s s ps /r srs r rspsb r rs prpr r, ry

a s prpr b uys prr r mdgs by 2015,spy mdgs 4 5, rr ru ry pr r gb xprs r r prrss r mdg 4 5 s pr cu 2015 rs mnch uu

rbu s mdgs 4 5 ty s bss p s rs93mu u b h s rs p pr rs r b y p ts rs


31/52

r s r ps cu 2015

Us cu 2015 s sr y s pr rs rbu mnch r r r ps r s rs, ru b mnch psrs b prr r h rsr u:

Pr--r- rsss hiv (Pmtct);

ir pr r rr pr ;

irs rp pr;

irs ps -up ss r rs;

ir pr ur sus r, prury ry brs xus brs;

cr sp ur squ s;

abs r pu;

Pr r r;

Pr rr r94

Sur: cu 2015, 20002010 d Rpr

mo h 40% o ch hs

occu ug h o po

n: Urur rbus -r s

Fgu 3. Go Cuss o dh aog

Ch ags 059 mohs, 2008

cr: Unice

PreGnanCY deliVerY POStPartUm POStnatalPre-PreGnanCY

Fcy

Couy

yP

yP

S br

erybsr r

Pspru/ps r r mr Bby imnci

yP

h uur prybr p

Pspru/ps r rmr Bby, iy/rrr br ss

S br

PmtCt

Fgu 2. m-nwo Couu o C

PneUmonia 14%

noncommUnicaBlediSeaSeS 4%

otheR

inectionS 9%

meningitiS 2%PeRtUSSiS 2%aidS 2%

malaRia 8%

inJURY 3%

meaSleS 1%

diaRRhoea 14%

PneUmonia,neonatal 4%

PReteRm 12%

aSPhYXia 9%

SePSiS 6%

otheRneonatal 5%

congenital 3%

tetanUS 1%

diaRRhoea,neonatal 1%

neOnatal 41%


32/52

w rur r sp s sus r h ubr smnch r rs, Pmtct r ss u

s s s ps isr s Pmtct s prry r y ur mdgs bu sur PePaR gb u, rsrrs ry p sys r rurrss h us r hiv rs rsurprs sr r r psus pubs y pr-r jursus h pr rsus Pmtctprrs95 tr s suy h pr r r hiv+ ps u Pmtct ps, bu suy u yss p up s bs r sus s pr 96

Sur: Pr r-- rsss hiv/aidS, Unice, J U ns Prr hiv/aidS (UnaidS) who;u rs, who Unice; ps s r r, S nbr ls yss drp h Surys; prr s, who Unice J mr Prr 2010; r rs, Unice gb dbss, nbr 2009,bs drp h Surys, mup ir cusr Surys r surys

tr r u s 100%

Fgu 5. m o covg o vos coss h couu o c o 20 Countdown

vos ppochs Countdown cous, os c y sc 2000 (%)

100

75

50

25

0

Pregnancy Birth Postnatal Infancy ChildhoodPre-pregnancy

Contraceptive

prevalence

ratea

Atleastfour

antenatalcarevisits

Preventionofmother-

to-childtransmission

Intermittentpreventive

treatmentofmalaria

forpregnantwomen

Neonataltetanus

protection

Skilledattendantatbirth

Postnatalvisitformother

Earlyinitiationof

breastfeeding

Exclusivebreastfeeding

(lessthanage6months)

Complementaryfeeding

(age69months)

Measlesimmunization

DPT3immunization

VitaminAsupplementation

(twodoses)

Childrensleepingunder

insecticide-treatednets

Careseekingfor

pneumonia

Antibioticsforpneumonia

Malariatreatment

Diarrhoeatreatment

Improved

sanitationfacilities

Improveddrinkingwater

Covg o vos vs coss h couu o c

nw ss show h hohg

hypso ccou o oh h o hs

Fgu 4. Go ess o h Cuss

o m dhs, 19972007

indiRect 18%

otheRdiRect 11%

emBoliSm 1%

aBoRtion 9%

SePSiS 8% hYPeRtenSion 18%

haemoRRhage 35%

Sur: cu 2015, 20002010 d Rpr


33/52

1.3 OtHer PrOmiSinG areaS FOr StUdY in tHe

area OF mHealtH and mnCH

tr s rs rbus by

srb sr rr b psso s p b r ry us, prury purs97 tr s s rs by rr b us b ps s -b r ss uy98, 99, 100

ts rr ruby juss u rsr us us b ps y rbu pr rs, r rr ss uy prury srssurs xr pry, hiv rsss

2. rgo Suy dsgassss rr suy s b subj xrs, u rsruy ry pys r srs

Quy ry prs rr y py, rrr s prsspss sps suy s ts spsu b s quss;s subjs; sur us; pr s sys bs, sys bs, r rrr (B & asby, 2003; lr, 2004;Ss & t, 2002)

r prsp rsr uy, rrrr r pubs sus u u: bs; ps pprpr quss; s pprpr rsr y r qusb s jusy y; r ry ; su s srp prs rups; r r bss u, b pr r; pprfs rss srs

t tr ks nr rurrs srb rr p bs

r us h spr mnch quy rsr rss my sus:

d r r rupsr prs;

d bss;

wr u s pr p r(rr sb prr);

Us s sps r yss;

d suy r r r bss/r u;

d quy rbu s bsr( h);

wr prry srp ur

Us prpry u usr Rcts, r sr sr rsr, s ryu pr s quy h

bs mnch hr, s ubr yrs p u ur y r rs,Rcts r ys ssry r pprprp up rsr qus b su

t supp rs sr r jry b pubs rs h mnchr srp ur r spy rpr rsus surys r rs prps lss -r rs rpr sus us xprs, s sus r u ps s sp ss oy pubs suy ry ru r rr

Sr rsrrs ry u s upubssury h prj rs ssss u rr h prjs rss r rs101 t purps sury s brurs r h prj rs rs prs rr r, u p ssss102 t suy 69h prjs r 29 urs o hprjs, 69% rss mnch105 t srsus 8-p s ssss u rr prj, 6-8 ps sr rr tp

srs r prjs prs rups,r, qu sp s r quyrrs Us 8-p s, prry rsuss ss -ur (226%) rprsr u rr104 o -r hprjs us u, 60% rprus -xpr ss, 19% rpr us


34/52

qus-xpr s, 21% rpr us xpr s105 t s suy ss rss-s lss suy ss r

s-r sp-106 lss susx (47%) u prs rup; 43%us r 37% u sp s rpr107t upubs rpr sur s sby s:

a ur y h prjss r ur rss r uquss rr108

3. msu icost s prry u rs s y rs fu suy quy

subs pr b uy trur r urr pubs sus h mnch r sy rby rsr h us mnch oucoss sur rs Y, r r s s puy pr r pubs h sus mnch r us us s prrysur rs a s ubr sus pubs rur s us prxy r rrsus s rs r us sus ss s ss s brs i r , rur srr pubs sus by us rur r s pps s prry u sur tr r pr-r pubs sus us, r xp, ru rby r ur rs su s r s u surs

a y rs sus r pps u ss r pprprrs r rr br us

t sp s r rs ubr urr h sus ( prs) mnch

r sur p h rs cc hh oucos

a y r rs r prp h mnch s rs u, rs r xp rsr

rsy s h rbus us p109 w p sur p h rs mnch us s , y rs uy sug cc hh oucos o s sgfcy og (rqurs sy r rsurs) us prxysurs su s sur rur ss y w h rpy y s pprs b bs rrquy, pry u sus rqurr us u ps us b s prssurs sr rsus quy

s b u suppr r-r sus

t bs rrus sus us cos-fccycos s prry u surs s juss r, prury r p ry rs a y rs spu h s ssry r subs rs us ps pr srs r h tr s yss, rsr s h rbus prb us p s urr srs r us h i s ss, rr s rs prs jusyus h sus, s pr sr s-s r by h, rs b ppruy ss

4. Cosscug appochsgb rs subj s prur srs ps rssu pprs gb rs xs rsr syss pr quy r,r rs s ps

r r pp, susby, urshow p -bs rs, y ury s rs r ssquy srs


35/52

t rs srs, pruryrs, r hrbus y rs:

1 Sr uy syss;

2 S up r srs;

3 Susby ;

4 ip s;

5 Ru qus u s r

4.1 FraminG mHealtH and mnCH

reSearCH in termS OF HealtH and

COmmUnitY SYStemS StrenGtHeninG

Prry rs r r r b ( rs, jus mnch) r hhsys sghg110,111, 112 couy syssghg113 R syss yss (s-y sus) s us m Prrs u yss urs u syss114, 115

tr r r pubs sus r rsr u h r mnch r prsp rbu uysyss sr118, 117 gb xprsu jr r rs who, USgr, gb u did bpr prrs rs ysuppr u rbu syss uy syss sr118 t who rrr syss sr ys u sx bubs u:

Sr ry

h rr

ir syss

m prus, s, s

lrsp r119

t gb us r ps uysyss u:

eg vos voccyuuy y r pr py, r rs, s rs

Couy wos, gs, pshps cooob s,sr ry y, x rsurs ps, r, br r

rsps

rsoucs cpcy uguhuman resources pprpr prs, r ps, fnancing (upr r u) material resources(rsruur, r, ss r s s)

Couy cvs svc vyssb , -r bs uy ssss rsurs s

Ogo shp sghgu , uby rspr rs uy syss

moog, vuo pgum&e syss, su ssss, bu rsr, r, p

i s whos 6 bu bs gbus cuy Syss r ps, s sy

s h rbu bu b r p, r s r mnchr y r r


36/52

r xp, r b ubr sus sr h prs chw prr( s b whos rr bu

b r syss sr gbus rsur py bu r p uy syss)120

my b spss u prr rsr h x mnchrs, r rs h mnch rs rbu b sysssr uy syss srr u sys i prur, jrb urs who, gb u US gr, prr sysssr s py pr b ,

rs suppr hrbus uy syss

4.2 inteGratinG HealtH SerViCeS

as r mnch rs bs sryr s-up srs, us r r rb ssu ubr rs ppsky xps u ir m c isss (imci),121 PePaR tgu r ir Pmtct irs mnch Srs,122 ess P r Yu

vurb cr r crrs a by hiv aidS123 ors su s d d-trir b spr us bpps ccr s s suppr s chws r rsus p-bs prs124 w rsus bx,125 us b ps s s supprs us prs p r srs, prury r mnch, rrsurr rsr

4.3 SUStainabilitY and FinanCinG

i s r rsrbu susby prrs

ir rs, su s US r,r rsy xp rs ysuppr p ps r susy a yp susby ps s fcg chss r p upr us tr s r rs py

r ss, su s Ps, py b p y i r r , rs su s mr Sps/

Sr h ous ru Pr Sr(ShoPS) prr us b ps r rburs r urs s rsrss py r srs r mnch126, 127dsp prr b y b py rs, subs ppr r pubs rurr sp s xpy u b pys h us

t xp s mr Sps/ShoPS ut u, r, s pubs pr-r jur th po o g Fcwh Hh, pcuy h oo poy s

o poc (o sus-s) fcg

coo csh ss, rrs rsr u rs (r ) b y rs rbu susby prrs

4.4 imPlementatiOn SCienCe

gb srs su s PePaR rrsy rs us ss suy how p pr us, prs rsrs, s p s128ip s r rsr s b s s suy s pr sys up rsr s r-bs prs ru pr, pr quy (ss, rby, sy,pprprss, quy, y) r129

Rsrrs r b us p s u h b us pr quy srs tps su p s rr u us h rs s s rrs us pr us r prs130, 131 r rsr

y r h y py prmnch s p s y b sryr prs h u urs b uy, prurys srs y wh bu s how


37/52

4.5 redUCinG HealtH ineqUitieS

arss soc s s r s qus s

b prry p b uy132t rur r r r bs h y b u s r r r r prury urb ppus S ry rur rss s rs srus sr s bss us hi mnch h, r prys rbu qus r b rssby h a by s su s gSmasw Prr133

dsp b ssus ru r srs py rbu qus

r rur h fu s rs, bs rus h ru qus s s si r r s r py ss srs, sr bs y h p qus su b sr prr urr rsr


38/52


39/52

COnClUSiOn

t bs r us h prmnch rs rs p

s-ss s s s Rsr us psus, prss r prxy rs r , ssy rrus suy ss r urprursrs r r rrus sus us s-ss u rs r br, s-s rsr ss su s Rcts

a rsr, s s r s rspr ssur s rsus, s bs aubr rsr s prps rs quy srs rr s rsr b p sss rr uy urs us ers sub ur sr rsus ru sy ssb pr quy rs r u r s quy srs Rsr r h pys r s su s hiv,br , waSh, ntds r ub, sub u , pprpr, r

mnch, prury s b uy prrs r r

syss sr

Gps ru h mnch sub s oppous r uur rsr Bus s ur h us mnch, yps mnch rs prs pr rs b su r pr sp, s rs mnch uu r ss sr r,prury pr , rr x h u rs r r pr p

lsy, s b uy s r qus xs ruu r,h prss prs ppruy r rsss srs, prury r r--rppus s y by rpy bu s byr u r, s, sus


40/52

GaPS in tHeeVidenCe arOUndmHealtH and mnCHSHOUld be VieWed aSOPPOrtUnitieS FOrFUtUre reSearCH.


41/52

aPPendiX alsp Siusr Sus

ipovg Up o ey i

dgoss o HiV o h Pvo o

moh-o-ch tssso o HiV

(SmS4Pmtct) (ury ky); s Ju 29, 2012, r 239 u

r 388)134, 135 t srsr u r rr (Rct) x xsss s r Pmtct prrs r pspru ss up ry ss by dna pyrs r (PcR) ts suy ss s ypss () x sss

s r Pmtct pr r ps rs 6-8 s rbr; (b) x sss s r Pmtct prrs rs up dna PcR hiv s 6-8 s s xps hiv i pr suprr sr r, prps r b sys-up r xsr syss rsur-ss Prry u sursu: () prpr ps 6-8 spspru () prpr s s

r hiv by dna PcR Sry usurs u: () r rrr prpyxs; () ps- rur; ) r r rrr prpyxs t suyus sub-rups yss: ) haaRt s haaRt;b) sus brpry s r susur pry; ) srps s r ps ; ) urb rs s

rur rs136 s rs suy pr r r r hiv pr prr

prs prs i , suy s u xprryyss rr b usSmS p hiv sus

s137 ts suy s pr urr r sby us b p-bs y r pub

rs rsur- ss(nih suppr prj: Ursy ws, Ursy cr,S rs, ky m

Rsr isu) Project Mwana (zb m)t r, suppr by Unice,Bs Ursy c hiv/

aidS i (chai) uss h( prr p) xp ry ry ss rsus (ry b sp ss r

hiv)138(See above under SupplementalArticles Search)

Pc aov thpy

ahc Ug.

ts bsr suy s ssss rss r r

b p-bs r rrs rur yrs mbrr,U i s b qu qu surs sby pby s surs, s s russ r pss r u uur rs r t qu b us xpr s rbr, y u -rr y, s pys , s supprs Prry u sursu: () srbu r bs

rss r r s r rsps (ivR) r srss sr (SmS) s-rpr byrrs hiv- r ur yrs mbrr, U Sryu surs u: () sby pby rss r surs

; () r br139

mo Phos excusv

bsg ( s (2) sus) Spsr by l m Rsr

u, npur, -rs r y sssuy u r s

us ps r us rss ur pry r srrs brs

ss br140t bjs rs r pr xus brs, ss y ru

s s (pry )t prry u sur s s pr xusybrs (brs r

s r bs qus) r s 24 s t sry usur s r ru 6 s , rur s b br u s ( 6, 10 14s), 24 s 26 s rr y

Spsr by Ursy tr,s br suppr r r s p rsxus brs rs urbky uy ru pr rsuppr r r by p rru rup s i

r r 800 r r pub sp, pr rs brs r brups r r r yp prr suppr Suy s ur, pr sss

ub b 1383

Pvo o moh-o-Ch

tssso (o HiV)

i eid sus (SMS4PMTCT ky Project Mwana zb),r r sr sus x b ps rbu pr

up srs -upa suy ky spsr by Ursy mb s r ssss b ps SmS x sss b us ppr pr r rsss (Pmtct) hiv srs

by sr syss1424t suy s r u r rup rrup t prry u sur srs rp up br pr hiv ps r 60% 70% Sry u sursu: ) hiv ps rs s

br rs suy; ) ubr r ss; ) rr r hiv ps s ;) pby SmS sss rPmtct r r


42/52

c-l, prr epPmtct Jsbur, sp r, rr ssss r SmS b

us r hiv+ rs ppps br r s rhiv s , , r tbj r s russ -up rs r (r s) R ms sp Jsbur Prry rsus 323 rs r ( 738 suy), r 90% r sssrur r s r s 78% r xs bru r

s b r s1385 i , x rs r prps r r

sr psy b rprp1436 t rsus rurry b r up Surprsy, rsus r yssy s rs b

r r rups1447 opssb xp b srr r b -r rsus s sr rrs y rs y

u rsus1468

Project Masihambisane(SeeSupplemental Articles Search, page 20)

t eb gsr Pr aidS

u (egPa) s u prs suy ky sus cus o coo s 36 sr rs (r r) 910 hiv-pr r b p y Pmtctp r sx spspru t suy x ccpy, cvss, cosg p Pmtct-us h sry hiv- pr , rrs, prrs t s r

, rrs, prrs u-r bu r r Pmtct l-ry SmS x sss sruurs rr y Pmtct sss,u prs u u rrs ur

r rs, r us, s br , s , ry hiv s, y p

b ru1479

m moy i:

bh Poc (i Fy

Hh iv)

t $30 prs rry prj Br i suppr by B m gs u ussh s r pr prr

t prr s u Rct s ypss r rrs (lws)us ict (b p) b s rr r r quy y rs up ps y r uu pr

lws us ppr-bs s ousurs u: ) Br Prprss P:% rs rspr pr r ry s s r ry;) Rp ia b: % rs r s 90 ia bs ur rs pry; ) ess nbr cr: % br s brs ur ry; ) % rs r r pr s ; ) pprpr rquy pry; ) % r (r 6 s)r y r bs pry; ) % r r pprpr rquy pry b 6-11 s r ;) y P: ap r rp: % p r ps-pru y p 6 s ry; x) iu:

% r r dPt3 by 6 s14850

Usg CoC o ip

Supvsoy mg tchus

o aSHas i

d s p r rr ssss us ccr s suprsry pr uy rrs (aShas) r pr t purps suy b pr prr us

( aShas) rs r pr brs, % r r ss , % rpr brs r s(r aSha) 48 urs, sr prs r

pry br r Bus ss sury ss, u rs su s r rby ry b

sur

tx4by (U Ss)

a jr r r r rpry u u rs

t r uss r xss sr p r pr rs rbu r r r r bbs au u U Ss, r sry rs, rsus ps r prrs lmic

mama (mo ac

o m aco)

ts ssby, pby ss Aponjon b pbs r sss rbr r pr rprs Bs ts prps s-r rsr s s s ss pr ,u, y br pr u r r r i s y u u r (, ur)

Usg Hh too y Hh

exso Wos ehop

cyg ou ch

c sposs

Suppr by wr B, r r suy s rrusy s( p) p us h health outcomes rurrs r, oo sc up cocg vc o

sc-up t r rsss p r, usrs, pr r ry rrrs

johs Hops Uvsy (jHU)

JhU, s 49 h sus/

rs urus rs, su sus mnch : 1) usSmS rrs pr u r ( s rsrs); 2)rs u b srsps chws m rpr rs suppy s ts


43/52

h r s pr chws r ur us r; 3) s r b p bs sys

(cr) Bs s brs pr r ry r rs rs brs, s s sur pr-rs r rsr s

rsur pr ss14951

mo tchoogy o Couy

Hh (motCH) iv1502

mtch s prr (rr p) r us b ps rs quy quy pr r rur g, pr usr rs r brs mtch

s prs rr srst mb m pp bspr r s rSmS r pr-rr sss prs b ps pr -sp r bu r pry r u (99% s ) t sss uru rs yr r br rr - r prs sus tr s s nurs

app bs cuy hnurss ry rr r ps y brs r r r u r r t

ps r s ps ss r s pr r su, mb msr ss ss r p r prursr urs s s r p s u r r t mtch s suppr by B & mgs u, br gr u, cub Ursysm S Pub h g h Sr

mo o rpoucv Hh1513

i ky, PRogReSS s u su mb r Rpru hr 4Rh, y p rsr r x ss asr u b ts PRogReSS s -yr prju by US ay r irdp p by y

h ir pr y psrs ursr ppus

t s prj s b r r b y s

pb s pr yp r t 4Rh prj ss sr quss:(1) b r 4Rhy p prr? (2) w yp y p r sussuyb r us b pr?(3) w p s 4Rh prr? (4) is prr s- susb? (5) h sb s us b p prr ru us r r?

tr r s rsr b sur us

moy o Wo wh Fsu1524

ts prj uss b bb, pub r, rr rr ss su rpr w r , y s r rspr su u s s rsrr m-PeSa tprj 2010, ursr s p, r s r suy s, y prry u rs

Fc o rus Sxu

rpoucv Hh Vouchs

mgsc

(See above under Literature Review Findings).

o rsr s b u s prs 2012 gSma-h

a mb h Su cp t my-Ju 2012

OaSiS ii rsch Poc:

evug mVG-n

t oaSiS ii Rsr Prj mu vs Prj (mvP) s suy sysy ssss p mu vs gb nr(mvg-n) s ps, uopmRS, ccu+ r rsr ry syss ur* mvPss, u p mvg-n s

p rss mvP ss t suypps x s ppr kyr rs prs qup t qu puss r pus upus s s r r rumvg-n ky rs y b xpr

u us , prrr, u rsurs p bu, suppy ,y sr ry, quy

r rs r mdgs 4, 5, 6--su s pry-r r; br ; ss r r ur 5; r, tB, hiv/aidS; rspy h-rrs u: ubr -r ss; u r; ubrs ps r ss; u yp qus; xus brs,ur r, s (u

ur), 1535

*t ur mvP oaSiS ii RsrPrj Ss r: Bss, g;mb, t; my, R Rur, U

M-Afya Project1546

a rsr prj ay Rsr ar, m-ay prj s bu pub-prprrsp prr pr quy,y u, r us- r s ry srsru r b s sr-pr uy ss (m-ay ss) rub py t ss r r xp rs r r prrs r pr rs prrss ps pry

ry tru b p srss, sys rprs b sys, u r y sr tprr s s y s sr xp rs, ss r r rs s r r ssss rrs r s tssp y s s r xprs rs bss busss p sus by u t sussup s prr s r pr b p ss by

ky ppu ts prr rs b rur r t sr, sr r ky, r pr 2 yrs ir bu suy y, s urs r ub


44/52

aPPendiX bls ky irs ir

name OrGanizatiOn lOCatiOn

mr wr Rsr isu ips/ky

c S idRc o

grr m who g

Sy R USaid ws, dc

a lbrqu Js hps S Pub h Br

hr c-ls Y Ursy, cub Ursy hrr, ct, n Yr

mr m d-r ir, hrr S Pub h Bs

a g wr vs S, ws

cr c Ursy cr, Bry, iStedd P a, ca

Juy g (by ) mr Sps ir l

Rr gub gr R k, R

cr rrs gSma cp t, Su ar

m ms gr t dr s S, t

c nr Unice n Yr

w Ry n isus h Bs, mry

wy ns n isus h Bs, mry

R vr amPath-ky, i Ursy S m ips, ky

au gup Js & Js n Jrsy

lur Ry hi 360, h wr grup ws, dc

d Su v l

crspr gry Pr n Yr

h s gr nry os

a b Js & Js n Jrsy

Brbr m n isus h Bs, mry

rr wss nhp S, ws

n k cub Ursy, er isu n Yr


45/52

aPPendiX Ch esys Srs

GOVernment

lsrs

Rurs

l sys

msrs

HealtH

h sys

h r rrs

m suppy s

Ps

teCHnOlOGY

Sr prs

mb prrs

hs rs

FinanCe

Bs

isur ps

Pr srs

Prpss

drs

iu usrs/uss

Hh

ppcos

Hh

ug

mo

pos

Hh

Svc

vy

Sur: dbr rsr yss


46/52

endnOteS

1 mnch s s s us s r ns assss

gps ayss prry bus s prr b prr mu dp gs 4 5 ry rr r rr ubr jr b s psr r su s Every WomanEvery Child, gb P rs e nhiv is cr by 2015 kp r mrsa ery c dsrs Bry i ,mu dp g 6 (b hiv, r r dsss) psss r

2 t r a s prry prr rus e wr grup, ps spss r h ru r, rs xprs rsr r

3 r purpss sury h pubs 2011,

gb obsrry r h wr h or h s pub prsuppr by b s su s b ps, pr s, prs ssss (Pdas) rrss smHealthNew Horizons or Health throughMobile Technologies, Global Observatory or eHealthSecond

Global Survey on eHealth, wr h or, 2011

4 t ir dp cr grup (idcg) s h s prry ssus b cpb sys r rs s prp br r p See p://pbbrr/id_Rsurs/Prry_tps__ir_dppp, (ss my 3, 2012)

5 See, e.g., at kry, Improving the Evidence or MobileHealth (gSma 2012)

6 See p://ubur/

7 See r/s/prss-rss/21-ry-s-99---r--br-

8 See, e.g., (2012) Jur h cu: irPrsps, 17:sup1 (my)

9 t cuu cr r rpru, r, br (Rmnch) us r sr ryr rs r r pr-pry ry, ps pr, Su rs pr by s us, ru upsrs, s r s S /p/bu/uu__r//x (sssJu 23, 2012)

10 nr, a c, kuppr, B m, Sbur, J m,a (2011), ipr r srs ru us b ps trp m & irh, 16: 622626 : 101111/j1365---3156201102747x;(rr, nr) tr, t ks, S(2011) Sp dry: a ayss h mr

nbr h Prrs tr ous aru wr mr c h Jur (rr, tr ks)

11 vr, v (2011) h: Saving Lives with Mobile

Technology, Mobilizing healthcare to the Most Underserved andRemote Populations (upubs ppr) grms Ursy ar, vr

12 tr ks

13 i

14 i

15 i

16 i

17 i

18 i

19 i

20 i

21 ku, J, Ss, P, ksrr,a,S, S, m, P, & wsr, a (2010)app sr p br brr rprr: a u r r r mirs ds m, 10(69), 112

22 lu S h m (2010) wr rs: us bps pr r zbr[ir] cp: Ursy cp [ 2010d 10] ab r: rsur/ss///74534/429853//i%20mr%20Bs_wr%20mrsp

23 Jru, R, tp, v, t, c, vbr, S,cu, P, & cppu, J (2008) Ss y pr r sr ss sr b p r pr suppr: a r r r

Jur m ass t, 91(4), 45846324 m, P, & d h Rsr cr (2009)

mt: h rpy rpr n Yr:gr u

25 lu, S h m (2010), wr mrs: Us mbPs ipr mr n h zbr[ir] cp: Ursy cp abr: p://r/prj/r-rs

26 ku, J, Ss, P, ksrr, a,S, S, m, P, & wsr, a, (2010) app Sr P Br Brr hr Prr: amu r mr c cr m irs ds m 10(69), 112

27 Jru, R, tp, v, t, c, vbr, S,

cu, P, & cppu, J (2008) Ss hy Pr w R Sr mss Srv mb P r Pr Suppr: a Rcr trJournal Medical Association Thai91(4),458463


47/52

28 m, P, & d h Rsr cr (2009)MoTech: mHealth Ethnography Report n Yr:gr u

29 cb, a l m o, a, J, l, h, & Ss (2008)

ms mbs: Us icts ipr hr a Bsr, isAsian Journal o Communication, 18(4),248364

30 R, S (2009) a mu p s:R icts i ts irs,26(2), 127143

31 tr ks

32 i

33 i

34 i

35 See, e.g., c-csy, R, cr, m, S, a, Su, n,c, m, & ds, m (2010) Sr ryr sys r rs r gb

Rpru h Jur, 7(21), 110; cb, a, l, m o,a, J, l, h, & Ss, (2008) ms bs:Us icts pr r a Bsr, isas Jur cu, 18(4), 248364; musm (2002) mr r rur U: rr r syss iusk ns 14

36 nr

37 t tr dys prpss pry-rry s ry u ys : (1) s pprpr p r bsr ry;(2) r pprpr bsr y; (3) rqu r y s r

See e.g, Brs-Js, d, c my, a auus 1998,t tr dys s r r ex mr

mry h, Social science medicine b/pub/9579750

38 See, e.g., S o & S P (1997) rybsr r ru rspr u, B,Srr l ir Jur gyy & obsrs59, S157S164; mus mgn (2002) mr h cr Rur U: lr tr mr kSyss ik ns n40, wr B, ws dc;ms mk & wy Rl (2005) wr s pr r rur g c Jur mry Rsr Pr 3, 2433; luu k & RsYec (2007) ds upr r usr s ru y rrr bsr rs Sur m? m mJur 19, 18; urr P, du a, tury c, duy g &

dr S (2009) ipr ss prs rybsr r s su r ry rur m Bu wr h or 87, 3038

39 See, e.g., cb a (2010) t a Bsr s b ps prj: ds u prspus r u s rr p Jur cpur-m

cu 15, 500525; cb a, l mo, a J, lh & Ss (2008) ms bs: us icts pr r a Bsr, is as Jur cu 18, 348364

40 hs d (2010) R: j p l 376,945946

41 Srs t, mjuu d, d P (2010) ccr:au Quy ipr t Sr cuy-Bs h ab : p://-rr/p-/ups/2010/05/Srs-m-ccr-spry1p

42 lu S (2009) mb Ps S ls Pr gbh, Ursy cp, cp, 1819ab : -ps/u/307/18 lu S (2010) wrmrsUs mb Ps ipr mr n h zbr er h ab :p://r/r/rrs

43 nr

44 i

45 mu, S, lu, k, ou, c, kssj, d (2012)Progress Report on the Systematic Review: The Eectiveness

o Using Mobile Phone-Based Interventions to Accelerate the

Three Health MDGs in Low and Middle Income Countries(Upubs Rpr)

46 i

47 i

48 l, a c c, Jy e l, S cuss, vsjkur, d osr, zuqr a Bu, S n w, ay k

nur, U Sy, gry l drs 2009 ls s r r br: w rs rrpru-r s? International journal o gynaecologyand obstetrics the ofcial organ o the International Federation

o Gynaecology and Obstetrics 107 Supp 1, Supp 1:S65S85, S86S88 p://sryuu/152506

49 ku, J, Ss, P, ksrr, a,S, S, m, P, & wsr, a (2010) app sr p Br Brr hr Prr: au r r r BMC Medical Inormaticsand Decision Making, 10(1), 69 Bm cr Rrr p://pubr/rrr?r=2989931&=pr&rryp=bsr

50 c-csy, R, cr, m, S, a, Su, n, c,m, ds, m, y, , (2010) Sr

ry r sys r rs r t gb Reproductive Health, 7(1), 21 Bm crRr r pubr/rrr?r=2931483&=pr&rryp=bsr


48/52

51 o, k k (mr 1, 2012) d -h ts Rywr? ts t ip mb ty mr c h cr s (wr B) rr r:br/s-sus/---s-ry-

r-s-p-b-y-r---

52 ts, J, R, Y, tu, m, & mbur, e, Pr rchi ea 11 au cr ex absrs hurs cpu Syss

53 d, J (2009) c r rs rry U Casopis Lekaru Ceskych, 148(7), 338341Rr r b/pub/19642302

54 Rr, d, cy, J, ds, P d, & cur, e (2010)mb- rrs rur i Proceedings o the28th international conerence on Human actors in computing

systems CHI 10, 1889 acm Prss Rr r p://prr/?=17533261753610

55 v, o (2011) Design and Usability Testing o an mHealth

Application or Midwives in Rural Ghana (Upubs rssr) cub Ursy, n Yr

56 n, c, c, mS & hrs, J (2011) e-inRaStUctUReS and e-SeRviceS oRdeveloPing coUntRieS

lur ns isu r cpur Ss, Sirs tus er, 2011, vu64, Pr 3, 7992, doi: 101007/978-3-642-23828-4_8

57 di, i; grii, wJ; Bri t (2011) MaternalDeath Surveillance and Response, Bu wr h or89 11 g n 2011p://xr/101590/S0042-96862011001100003

58 Bs, S, Bp, k csu, R, dby, m hu,B & Sr, R (2009) Us mb Ps ipr c

nur Sur m Unice n Yr59 gsr, P Sp, e, o, k, R, B, mr, i, t,

c mby, m, Bur, S, mr, J, ly, e & es, (2012) Community based weighing o newborns and useo mobile phones by village elders in rural settings in Kenya:

a decentralised approach to health care provision BmcPry cbr 2012, 12:15 :101186/1471-2393-12-1

60 ar, P, dbpuur, d, dqu, a, & Prsy, J (2011)Us ps pspru rr u rur g International journal o gynaecology andobstetrics the ofcial organ o the International Federation o

Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 113(2), 148151 irr gyy obsrs Rr rb/pub/21420086

61 Rr-Brus, m-J, Rr, l, v Ry, h, vhr, a, ts, m, S, a, R, t, (2011)Prj msbs: usr rs rr pr rs pr us r prrs hiv Trials, 12(1), 2 Bm crRr r pubr/rrr?r=3022743&=pr&rryp=bsr

62 i

63 o, k k (mr 1, 2012) d -h ts Rywr? ts t ip mb ty mr c h cr s (wr B) rr r:

br/s-sus/---s-ry-r-s-p-b-y-r---

64 ibb, JdB (2011) Mobile Phone Use and ReproductiveHealth Care in Nakuru Provincial Hospital, Kenya (Upubsss) rbr Ursy, rbr, S

65 v, o (2011) Design and Usability Testing o an mHealthApplication or Midwives in Rural Ghana (Upubs rssr) cub Ursy, n Yr



67 Improving Client Retention in the PMTCT Cascadethrough Active Client Follow-Up (ACFU) (2011) p://rsrr/suss/pb/2012/01/19/rs2rs-rpr-pr--r---p-s-ru----up-u/

68 wr, l o, i, e-o vu, m w (2012),cu ts mr irs h-Pr ir bu Pspru w PrPrs Jur obsr, gy, & nnurs, 41: 201215 : 101111/j1552-6909201101333x

69 c-csy, R, cr, m, S, a, Su, n, c,m, & ds, m (2010) Sr ry rsys r rs r gb Rpruh Jur, 7(21), 110

70 o, k k (mr 1, 2012) d -h ts Rywr? ts t ip mb ty mr c h cr s (wr B) rr r:br/s-sus/---s-ry-r-s-p-b-y-r--- ku, J, Ss, P, ksrr,a,S, S, m, P, & wsr, a (2010)app sr p br brr rprr: a u r r r mirs ds m, 10(69), 112

71 Jru, R, tp, v, cr, t, S, v,cu, P, & Jr, c (2008) Ss y pr r sr ss sr b p r pr suppr: a rr rJournal o the Medical Association o

Thailand Chotmaihet thangphaet Rr rb/pub/18556852

72 lr, t, Rs, Y, Sj, m, & R, S (2011) tpsuppr r ur pry rs sx spspru ( Pr ) Midwiery, (10)

73 Jru, R, tp, v, cr, t, S, v,cu, P, & Jr, c (2008) Ss


49/52

y pr r sr ss sr b p r pr suppr: a rr rJournal o the Medical Association oThailand Chotmaihet thangphaet Rr r

b/pub/1855685274 mr, S m, Jy, J, h, P, Burs, S, Js, c,

d, S S, mmus, a, (2011) t pr r r r r pyrup rs: Rr , Rx, exrs, Suppr r h (ReReSh)Prr BMC Public Health, 11, 648 Bm crRr r pubr/rrr?r=3166931&=pr&rryp=bsr

75 ku, J, Ss, P, ksrr,a, S, S, m, P, & wsr, a (2010)app sr p Br Brr hrPrr: a u r r r BMC MedicalInormatics and Decision Making, 10(1), 69 Bm crRr r pubr/rrr?r=2989931&=pr&rryp=bsr

76 t, B, v R, i, hs, h, & o-n, e (2011)U u r urb rsJournalo obstetrics and gynaecology the journal o the Institute o

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 31(2), 122124



78 cb, a (2010), t a Bsr s bps prj: ds u prsps us r u s rr p Jur cpur-m cu, 15: 500525 : 101111/

j1083-6101201001515x79 ts, J, R, Y, tu, m, & mbur, e, Pr r

chi ea 11 au cr ex absrs hurs cpu Syss

80 y-dp, k, RaShid, a gr quy ict rs : e r idRc supprprjs p urs t Jur cuyirs, nr ar, 5, y 2010 ab :-jur/xpp/j/r//526/512d ss: 24 apr 2012

81 ar, P, dbpuur, d, dqu, a, & Prsy, J (2011)Us ps pspru rr u rur g International journal o gynaecology andobstetrics the ofcial organ o the International Federation o

Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 113(2), 148151 ir

r gyy obsrs Rr rb/pub/21420086

82 zur, d, Su, R k, a, w S, nru, m, hr,d h, R, a k, & S, R w (2011) t bp x-ss rrs ky rrsr r r us: usr rs

r Lancet, 378(9793), 795803 esr l Rr rb/pub/21820166

83 m, m, g m, n m, msu d, v es J,h-gur B (2012) Pr pr r

ss p ruus b y: Qu r psuy tJournal o Health Communication:International Perspectives, 17, 118127: 101080/108107302011649105

84 m

85 mr Sps ir (2011) n crby () UsingMobile Finance to Reimburse Sexual and Reproductive

Health Vouchers in Madagascar Rr r:sr//spy&yp=du&=59374?u_sur=burr&u_u=&u_p=%3a+s-+%28es+ict+r+dp%29

86 Sbr, P, ns, S, Sr, m, Sru, k,Bup, m, mss, n, B, R, cb, l, g

c, & t, d, (2012) ery ss hiv zb ru mb P tx B ts Rsus,Bull World Health Organ 2012;90:348356 | :102471/Blt11100032

87 lr mb ts Pr mr nbr h: t curr lsp opprusr a l Rsur Ss (h a2012) (rr, Phi)

88 i

89 i

90 e rrsp r Juy g mr Spsir my 17, 2012

91 Bs, d, Bp, k, csu, R, dby, m, huB, Sr, R (2009) Us mb Ps ipr c

nur Sur m: Unice m Uniceis Rr r: br/s/_ups/u_m_cnSp

92 nr

93 Phi

94 i

95 Countdown to 2015: Taking Stock o Maternal, Newborn andChild Survival, 20002010 Decade Report (2010)

96 i

97 e rrsp r cr c, apr 2, 2012

98 lsr, R t, R, P, ms, e J, krr, a, krj, S, cu,m h, J, w, (2010) es b p srss sr rrr r r

ky (wt ky1): rs r Lancet, 376(9755),18381845 esr l Rr r b/pub/21071074

99 Sur, P J, ky, c e, hury, k m, & B,m m (2011) mr prss ry r p urs: sys r -yss Bulletin o the World Health Organization,


50/52

89(8), 608615e wr h or Rrr pubr/rrr?r=3150769&=pr&rryp=bsr

100 Rr-Brus, m-J, Rr, l, v Ry, h, v

hr, a, ts, m, S, a, R, t, (2011)Prj msbs: usr rs rr pr rs pr us r prrs hiv Trials, 12(1), 2 Bm crRr r pubr/rrr?r=3022743&=pr&rryp=bsr

101 m, P (2005) cs Suy r eyp: mb ps rr ri4d The frst monthly magazine on ICT4D,2006(apr 10), 35 i4d: ir r dp Rrr 4/my05/ssuyyp_usp

102 irs, t, Social networks ormed through mobile phone text-message and their eects on psychological well-being: Focusing

on social capital approached rom micro-, dyad-, and meso-

levels (Upubs ssr) Rr r: suurs/Pd/r/ssr_suryp

103 Unmet Needs: Improving mHealth Evaluation Rigor to Build theEvidence Base (2012) (upubs rpr)

104 i

105 i

106 i

107 i

108 i

109 i

110 i

111 gus, ca, m, g, lbrqu, a (2012) INFORM:Implementation and Evaluation Framework or mHealth, a

ramework or expanding the mHealth evidence base and

providing implementation and evaluation guidance or mHealthprojects worldwide (upubs r)

112 Su, J, Ss, R c, Br, a, Srs, d, cs,t e, Srs, g, & Bru, R (2011) h-sysssr: urr uur s Lancet, 377(9773),12221223 esr l Rr r p://ubsr/rr/p/S0140673610606794

113 mr, B, c, a, & ks, g (2009) gb rs suppr sys sr: ss ry r rr? (d trs, e)PLoS Medicine,6(4), 1000059 Pub lbrry S Rrr pubr/rrr?r=2667637&=pr&rryp=bsr

114 gb a r h Sys Sr (2009) tsr gb a r h Sys SrRr r: jr

115 cuy Syss Sr rr (2011) gbu bur//sy/rprs

116 See, e.g., aj, S, Pys cs: Sry Prss mpp r hr dry, gb h mit(b), b 23, 2011 Rr r: p://b

u//u-/

117 gb, J e, S, g t, & i, m l (2004) vu- yss rur prr: r urs s b pps Hospital

Topics, 82(1), 1017 Rr r b/pub/15490956

118 tr, d, ls, n (2012) Sr cuyh Syss l mu Rr r:supu

119 B dR, g Brr, J Js, vS kur, tS Pr, Pvr, n ls, mb P ts r -Bs hr wrrs l-i curs, Mount Sinai Journal oMedicine: A Journal o Translational and Personalized Medicine, 78, my 2011, pp 406418

120 See, e.g., syss2020r; bur//prr/ss/ss; u/w--/ky-issus/h/Sr--syss

121 wr h or (2010) Monitoring the building

blocks o health systems: a handbook o indicators andtheir measurement strategies Rr r: //syss/r//x

122 See, e.g., dR, B, Brbu, B, r, l, m,J, Py, J, Pr, t, Brr, g, (2012) iprcuy h wrr Prr tru auSmS Context, 25 acm Prss Rr r p://r/?=21606732160677

123 hb imci ir m c isss(2005) who/Unice Rr r: /r__s/us/9241546441//x

124 ir Pr mr--c trsss hivirs mr, nbr, c h Srst Br (2011) aidStaR-o USaid Rr r:

sr-/us_rs/p/rsurs/_brs/r_p__srs

125 t ess P: hsy arss ns Yu vurb cr tr crrs a by hiv aidS (2012) Rr r: suppr/s/brrypp?=1154

126 Srs, t, mjuu, d, d, P, lu, R, & zu, c(2010) ccr : au Quy ipr tSr cuy-Bs h t n r Quyipr r chws Health San Francisco irm irs ass Rr r p://r-prss/prss/ShoPS2010/Srs/pyr

127 m, m, g m, n m, msu d, v es J,h-gur B (2012) Pr pr r

ss p ru us b y: Qu r p suy tJournal o Health Communication: InternationalPerspectives, 17, 118127 : 101080/108107302011649105

128 mr Sps ir (2011) n crby () UsingMobile Finance to Reimburse Sexual and Reproductive


51/52

Health Vouchers in Madagascar Rr r:sr//spy&yp=du&=59374?u_sur=burr&u_u=&u_p=%3a+s-+%28es+ict+r+dp%29

129 mb ty r mr vurs (2012)Rhvursr Rr r rursr//2012/b-y-r-r-urs

130 P, n S, hs, c B, mcy, S i, lyr, R, Buy, Pd, & gsby, e P (2010) ip S r PePaRJur aqur iu dy Syrs Rrr b/pub/21242234

131 See, e.g., es, m P, arsr, d, Br, R, cry,k, ds, h, ds, S, gsu, P, (2009) ap rsr Implementation scienceIS,4(18), 18 Bm cr Rr r p://xr/101186/1748-5908-4-18

132 B n, es Y, Bss k, vssrs k, vrj-dss m(2011) R, s, p pr

du pr u p ps r: usr rs r r Sr mssSr (SmS) ir v Rsps (ivR) ipS 6:126

133 Br, U, ts, g, S, m, kuy, B, w s, J,mpb, R, mss, S, (2012) h yu : rss-ury prs r us Bur s, g tImplementation Science, 7(1), 31 Rr rps//7/1/31

134 See, e.g., /s_rs/;/srs; -/-/acdi-cidas//Ra-61882334-gJt;rjr//p//ws-/ns/2011/-r-pub----su?=660492;

mr, m (2005) S rs qusLancet, 365(9464), 10991104 esr Rr rp://sryuu/676

135 r

136 US n isu h (2012) ctrsRr r: p://rs/2/s/nct01433185?r=%22b+ps%22&r=60

137 Syp crs dr ts oy, ryir Rsr , ksuu, ky, Ju 29, 2012

138 i

139 i

140 Sbr, P, ns, S, Sr, m, Sru, k,Bup, m, mss, n, B, R, cb, l, gc, & t, d, (2012) ery ss hiv zb ru mb P tx B ts Rsus,Bull World Health Organ 2012;90:348356 | :102471/Blt11100032

141 US n isu h (2012) ctrsRr r: p://rs/2/s/nct01140633?r=%22b+ps%22&r=56

142 US n isu h (2012) ctrsRr r: p://rs/2/s/nct01383070?r=%22ur+ps%22+brs&r=1

143 US n isu h (2012) ctrs Rr r: p://rs/2/s/nct01385410?r=%22ur+ps%22+brs&r=2

144 US n isu h (2012) ctrs Rr r: p://rs/2/s/nct01157442?r=Pmtct&r=4

145 ty, k, tu, k, Bj, P, c-l Rsr Psr,hp hiv+ mrs Pr r Bbs: ipr -up hiv ts Rs exps is ru SmS

146 i

147 Syp rs kr ty, c-l, cpt, Su ar, Ju 29, 2012

148 i

149 Prs cu as, au eu my 23,2012

150 Prs cu S tr apr 10, 2012

151 Js hps Ursy (2102)gb h i(2012) Rr r: ss/s/ju/prj-rs

152 gr u (2011) Mobile Technology or CommunityHealth in Ghana Rr r: rur/--/y/b-

153 hi 360 (2012) The m4RH Inormation Service in Kenya andTanzania Rr r: 360r//Rsr/Prjs/Prrss/gtl/b_

154 Bsr, m er h 2011, m mb Ps

wr r w su: t m-PeSa expr ky t erh Br, Rr r:surr/ps/p/-brs/b_p_br_up452011p

155 e crrsp r n k, Ju 25, 2012,sur rsr pr r oaSiS ii RsrPrj u mvg-n

156 ay Rsr ar (2012) The m-Aya Project Rrr: p://yrsrr/rsr/y


52/52

Mhealthmnch Evidence Final (1)

Documents

Transcript of Mhealthmnch Evidence Final (1)