mHealth Israel Conference & Business Contest: Given Imaging- Capsule Communication Challenges,...
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Transcript of mHealth Israel Conference & Business Contest: Given Imaging- Capsule Communication Challenges,...
October 2013
Capsule Communication Challenges
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Given Imaging - Recognized Industry Leader
World Leader in Minimally-Invasive GI Diagnostics
>85% Market share globally [ >95% share in the U.S. ]
One of the largest GI sales and marketing organizations in North America (nearly 100 sales
and marketing professionals in the US alone)
~5,500 active PillCam customers:
2,750 Americas, 1,000 APJ, 1750 EMEA
Over 2 Million capsules ingested to dateThousands of lives saved due to the CE [ Capsule
Endoscope ]
More than 2,000 PillCam peer-reviewed publications
Strong IP: ~350 registered patents, ~230 pending patents
Demonstrated Revenue Growth and Profitability
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2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
$113$125
$142
$158
$178 $181
1.1% 4.6%12.7% 12.0% 12.1% 12.8%
73.3% 73.6% 76.6% 77.4% 77.2% 77.2%
RevenueNon-GAAP Operating MarginGross Margin
($ in millions) $195-205*
*Guidance
Given Imaging’s Comprehensive GI Diagnostic and Monitoring Solutions
PillCam COLON 2 not cleared for use in U.S.
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PillCam SB 2 Most widely used capsule
endoscope for visualization of the entire small bowel
The standard of care in numerous countries
PillCam COLON 2 Safe, minimally invasive,
sedation-free, patient-friendly modality to visualize the colon and rectum
PillCam ESO 2 Capsule endoscopy procedure
for visualization of the esophagus
The only capsule-based pH test for GERD
Ambulatory pH testing gold standard
High-Resolution Manometry with physiology visualization and data analysis software for identification of motility disorders
Ingestible, wireless motility capsule using sensor technology to measure pH, pressure and temperature from within the entire GI tract
Complete reflux diagnostic solution for both capsule and catheter-based testing
Capsule implementation evolution
Optical head4 lenses
Optical HeadOne lens
LEDs
SB1[ 2003 ]
LEDs
C2[ 2009 ]
Batteries
Transmitter Chip Imager
The main technical challenges of Capsule Endoscopy
The Gold Standard in
Capsule Endoscopy
Fit within capsule form factor
A narrow ‘pipe’ to xfer the video
Two-way data transmission
Facilitation of effective detection of pathologies by physicians
Completion of medical procedure within allotted time
Battery operation & shelf life
Ensuring timely conclusions by the physician
Patient comfort before (prep), during and after procedure
Miniaturization
Data Transmission
Diagnostic Yield
Power Management
Reading Time
Patient-Friendly
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The Capsule Communication Challenges
High volume data: up to 35 Frames/sec
Frame/image size: now at ~100K pixels. Next generation may need much more!
Confined carrier Frequency choice
Very high attenuation in the human body above 1GHz
But… our high bandwidth necessitates high frequency
The lower the frequency the worse is a given size antenna’s effectiveness
We should use ISM [ Industrial, Scientific, Medical ] frequency bands
Attempt to fit within narrow bandwidth Regulatory constraints
Noise immunity
Consume very low power Battery operated. Needs to last a 10-12 hours procedure
Need cost-effective, medium volume, reliable solution
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The frequency range
There are several sub-1GHz ISM bands.
Since we need to support high-bandwidth – the higher the frequency – the better
The capsule size implies antenna that is smaller than 1 cm.It is apparent that we lose most of the transmission power due to antenna frequency mismatch. Still, the higher the frequency – the better the transmission
In the 750 – 900MHz domain there are ISM bands. However, they vary from region to region [ US, EMEA, Japan,China… ]. It will complicate substantially the implementation if we need to devise a dedicated transmitter/frequency per region!
The most suitable ISM band that we found, under the above constraints, is around 434MHz8 04/10/2023
Coping with the bandwidth challenge
The consumer world migrates to ever-increasing image quality: HD TV and PC/Internet quality Digital Cameras growing M-Pixels count
The GI Physicians migrate to HD Endoscopes and start expecting HD image quality from Capsule Endoscopy
But… the ‘pipe’ of our communication is narrow [ circa 13MHz ] due to both Regulation and Noise constraints
So… we must employ every trick in the book to squeeze the utmost of the given ‘pipe’: Modern modulation and, especially, compression solutions
The capsule is limited in its power budget. Hence, we seek for asymmetrical compression solutions that do not exhaust extensive power on the transmitting side
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Coping with the low power constraint
As mentioned – wherever possible, the solution is tuned so that the burden is on the Receiver side and the transmitting capsule has less power-exhausting tasks to perform.
Since capsule movement in the bowels is intermittent [ it parks for a while and then speeds up ] – we do not want to take photos at high rate all the time, but, on the other hand, do not want to miss pathologies while traveling fast.
Hence: We developed AFR [ Adaptive Frame Rate ] that detects fast movement and temporarily switches to a Very High Rate [ 10X ]
All common tricks of power-saving [ turning off modules while not being used, using low-power manufacturing process & circuit solutions ]
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In summary
The Video Capsule attains effective clinical performance by making the best out of a highly constrained environment:
Correct selection of the carrier frequency/band
Careful selection of the working-point
Application of asymmetrical compression
Adaptive Frame Rate
Careful low-power design
All the above lead to a Market Leading highly popular product!
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Thank You!