MGT 386 Section 1- Intro to OB

8/4/2019 MGT 386 Section 1- Intro to OB

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Introduction to Organizational Behavior



�Good to Great

� Jim Collins (2001)

�

´G

ood is the enemy of great.µ



� Provide an overview of the major challenges and theparadigm shift facing management now and in the nexteconomy.

� Outline an organizational behavior perspective for today·smanagement.

� Summarize the Hawthorne studies as the starting point of modern organizational behavior.

� Explain the methodology that is used to accumulate

knowledge and facilitate understanding of organizationalbehavior.

� Relate the various theoretical frameworks that serve as afoundation for a model of organizational behavior.



� What is Organizational Behavior

�Characteristics of Organizational

Behavior�Why study Organizational Behavior

� The Human Equation

� Challenges in Managing

� The New Paradigm�Hawthorne Studies and Research in O.B.



�Sumerians- Record Keeping

�Egyptians- Need for Planning and

Control�Moses- Shared Leadership, Delegation

�Hamurabi- First ______?

� Alexander theGreat- Use of Staff

� Niccolo Machivelli- The ends _____ the ______.



Groups of people who work

interdependently toward some purpose�

Structured patterns of interaction� Coordinated tasks

� Work toward some purpose



�The study of individual behavior and

group dynamics in organizations

�Understand

�Predict

�Manage



(Continued)



Group Level

Individual

Level

Organizational Levele.g., Selection Systems

e.g., Groupthink

e.g., Personality



�Cognitive Framework� Personality

� Satisfaction, Commitment and Absenteeism Model

� Attraction- Selection-Attrition Model

�Behavioristic Framework� Pavlov·s Dogs

� Environmental Contingencies

�Social Cognitive Framework� Allows for more complexities

� More accepted framework



�What is Organizational Behavior





� The New Paradigm�Hawthorne Studies and Research in O.B.



ContingencyContingencyVariablesVariables x y



Outputs:

Pr cts

ervices

Inputs:

Material

a ital

H a

Task environment:

etit rsU i s

Reg lat ry age cies

lie ts

Structure

Task Technology

People

(Actors)

Orga izati al B ary



�Competitive advantage of an

organization today is represented by:� Human resource of an organization and how they

are managed.

� Widely recognized as-

� human capital,

� social capital and� positive psychological capital.



The academic field of organizational

behavior has been around for at least thepast thirty years.

Problems facing managers of human

organization have been around since thebeginning of civilization.



�Political Developments

�

Legal Developments

� International Developments



Although the problems with human organizationsand the solutions over the ages have not reallychanged that much, the emphasis and surroundingenvironmental context certainly have.

This new environment is disruptive, discontinuouschange. It represents a new paradigm, a new way of thinking about the workplace.

Three challenges facing managers to day are:

- Globalization and Information Technology

- Diversity

- Ethics



A paradigm simply establishes the rules (written orunwritten), defines the boundaries, defines a way tounderstand reality, ways of thinking/framework, andtells one how to behave within the boundaries to be

successful.For today·s and tomorrow·s organizations and

management, there are new rules with differentboundaries requiring new and different behaviors.

E.g., Theory X won·t cut it in most U.S. economiccycles

There is considerable resistance to change and whyit is very difficult to move from the old managementparadigm to the new.



´One-eighthµ situation³about one-

eighth of today·s organizations believe it,

do it, stick with it.´The Knowing-Doing Gapµ³most

managers know the value of the human

factor and how to implement the approachto improve organizational performance,

but still are not doing it.



�What is Organizational Behavior





� The New Paradigm�Hawthorne Studies and Research in

O.B.



Formal Organization - the official,

legitimate, and most visible part of the

systemInformal Organization - the unofficial

and less visible part of the system

Hawthor e St dies: st dies co d cted d ri g the

1920¶s a d 1930¶s that discovered the existe ce of

the i formal orga izatio



�The Illumination Studies: A Serendipitous

Discovery

�

SubsequentP

hases of the HawthorneStudies

� Implications of the Hawthorne Studies

�THE HAWTHORNE EFFECT



� The Overall Scientific Perspective� Understand

� Predict

� Control

� Starting with Theory� The Use of Research Designs

� Case

� Survey

� Experiments

� The Validity of Studies� Internal

� External



Questions



�What is a paradigm?

�What are some areas than have

influenced the study of Org Behavior?

�What are some concepts studied in Org

Behavior?

�Why should a manager know about this

domain of knowledge?�Contrast formal versus informal

organization



�What happened in the Hawthorne

Studies?

�Why are they so important and what did

we learn from them?

�Describe 3 challenges facing managers

today; why are they considered

´challengesµ?�Describe the 1/8th rule or the ́ Knowing-

Doing Gapµ



�Practitioner-Scientist

�Pfeffer·s 13 Practices (also ppt)

�Research in Management AME

MGT 386 Section 1- Intro to OB

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