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529 TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
ACTA TECHNICA NAPOCENSIS
International Conference on Engineering Graphics and Design
12-13 June 2009
MF1 DESIGN
Florian Ion PETRESCU, Relly Victoria PETRESCU
Abstract: The paper presents a new and original internal-combustion engine. It is presenting a method in
determining the kinematics and the efficiency of a new mechanism, MF1, proposed (designed) to work
and be tested like an internal-combustion engine. One determines the mechanical momentary efficiency,
when the mechanism works like a steam roller and when the mechanism works like a motor. The
determined efficiency is different in the two described situations. One presents an original way to
determine the dynamic efficiency too. The dynamic momentary efficiency is the same in the two
situations: when the mechanism works like a steam roller and when it works like a motor. One
determines the efficiency without friction, but one can anytime add the effect of friction modulus. One
presents the dynamic kinematics of this mechanism too: the dynamic velocity and the dynamic
acceleration. When the constructive parameters are normal, the dynamic velocities take the same values
like the classical speeds and the dynamic accelerations take the same values like the classical
accelerations.
Key words: Efficiency, force, piston, crank, connecting-rod, motor, stroke, bore, dynamic-velocity,
dynamic-acceleration, dynamic-efficiency.
1. INTRODUCTION
The paper presents shortly a new andoriginal internal-combustion engine, MF1. The
originality consists in the way of determining
the mechanical and dynamic efficiency and in
the way of determining the dynamic velocities
and accelerations. In this paper one determines
the efficiency of piston mechanism in two
ways: 1.When the piston mechanism works like
a motor; 2.When the piston mechanism works
like a steam roller.
2. PRESENTING THE KINEMATICS OF
MF1
In the picture number 1, one can see the
kinematics outline of the new presented motor
mechanism (Motor, Florio 1), [2].
The first modification of this model, having
in view the classical model (Otto engine
mechanism), is the use of two connecting-rod,
(2 and 3) and the use of B couple, a dual
couple: of rotation and translation.
This motor mechanism is a new mechanism
and his functionality will be different from the
classical mechanisms functionality. The greatadvantage of this mechanism is that it can be
regulated to have a bigger zone with constant
acceleration at the piston (the element number
five). The efficiency of this mechanism is the
same like the Otto mechanism. The structural
group 2-4 (a dyad) can improve the motor
functionality without damage of power. The
kinematics relations are the following (1-11):
110
2
1
2
0
2
sin2 +=
lllla (1)
a
l 112
coscos
= (2)
3
2211
3
coscoscos
l
lle
= (3)
332211 sinsinsin ++= lllyD (4)
1
211
2
)cos(
=
a
l (5)
a
lla 1110
cos=& (6)
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530
)]cos()cos(
)sin(cos[
2321
2310
3
113
+
=
b
lla
l+
(7)
333222
111
coscoscos
+++=
lllyD
&
(8)
x
1
2
3
4
5
O
y
A
B
C
D
0
0
l1
l2
l3
l0
e
1
2
3
0
MOTOR FLORIO1-MF1
2003 FlorianPETRESCU
The Copyright-Law
Of March, 01, 1989
U.S. Copyright Office
Library of Congress
Washington, DC 20559-6000
202-707-3000
yD
a
b
Fig. 1. The MF1 kinematics outline
a
al &= 22121112
)sin()( (9)
3
232123
232121
231230
23110
3
113
)]sin()cos()(
)cos()sin()(
)cos(cos)(
)sin(sin[
+
+
=
a
a
b
b
l
lla
l
&
(10)
333
33
2
3222
22
2
211
2
1
cos
sincos
sinsin
+
++
+=
l
ll
llyD&&
(11)
3. DETERMINING THE MOMENTARY
MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY
WHEN THE MECHANISM WORKS LIKE
A STEAM ROLLER
One can determine the momentary
mechanical efficiency, when the mechanism
works like a steam roller, if one determines the
distribution of forces, from the crank to the
piston (figure 2); relations (12-19) [2]:
=
=
)cos(
)sin(
12
12
m
mn
FF
FF
A
(12)
)cos( 12 == mFb
aF
b
aF
AC (13)
=
=
)sin(
)cos(
32
32
CCFF
FF
I
nIn
(14)
)]sin()cos(
)cos()[sin(
)sin()cos(
)cos()sin(
)sin(
)cos(
3212
3212
3212
3212
32
32
+
+=
=+
+=
=+
+=+=
b
a
F
Fb
a
F
F
FFFF
m
m
m
n
II
nT
C
C
(15)
=
=
3
3
cos
sin
TR
TU
FF
FF (16)
)]sin()cos(
)cos(
)[sin(sin
3212
32
123
+
+
=
b
a
FF mU
(17)
xO
A
B
C
D
1
2
3
a
b
1
Fm 2- 1
FA
Fn
2
2-
3Fn
FC
3
FT
FR
FU
0
MOTOR FLORIO1-MF1
2003 Florian PETRESCU
The Copyright-Law
Of March, 01, 1989U.S. Copyright Office
Library of Congress
Washington, DC 20559-6000
202-707-3000 Fig. 2. The MF1 distribution of forces, when the
mechanism works like a steam roller
]cos
)cos()cos()sin(cos
)cos(cos[cos
3
23212310
21221
+
+
=
a
bl
a
lvv mU
(18)
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531
]cos
)cos()cos()sin(cos
)cos(cos[cos
)]sin()cos(
)cos()[sin(sin
3
23212310
21221
3212
32123
+
+
+
+=
=
a
bla
l
b
a
vF
vF
mm
UU
iC
(19)
4. DETERMINING THE MOMENTARY
MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY
WHEN THE MECHANISM WORKS LIKE
A MOTOR
One can determine the momentary
mechanical efficiency, when the mechanismworks like a motor, if one determines the
distribution of forces, from the piston to the
crank (figure 3); relations (20-25) [2]:
xO
A
B
C
D
1
2
a
b
1
Fm
1- 2
FA
3
2-
3
Fn
FC
3
FRFN
0
FN
2
3
Fn
Fu1
Fu2
MOTOR FLORIO1-MF1
2003 Florian PETRESCU
The Copyright-Law
Of March, 01, 1989
U.S. Copyright Office
Library of Congress
Washington, DC 20559-6000
202-707-3000
Fig. 3. The MF1 distribution of forces, when the
mechanism works like a motor
=
=
3
3
cos
sin
mR
mN
FF
FF (20)
=
=
)sin(
)cos(
32
32
N
Nn
FF
FF
C
(21)
)sin(sin 323 == mFa
bF
a
bF
CA(22)
=
=
)cos(
)sin(
212
211
AFF
FF
u
nu (23)
)]cos()sin(
)sin()[cos(
sin
2132
2132
321
=+=
a
b
FFFF muuu
(24)
=
+
+=
=
n
N
a
l
a
bl
n
a
b
N
iM
)cos(cos
)cos()cos()sin(cos
coscos
)]cos()sin(
)sin()[cos(sin
2122
23212310
31
2132
21323
(25)
5. DETERMINING THE MOMENTARY
DYNAMIC EFFICIENCY
The dynamic efficiency of the mechanism is
the same, anytime (when the mechanism works
like a steam roller and when its working like a
motor). It can be determined approximately
with the relation (26):
=
===
312
2
3
2
2:
sinsin
with
D
iC
D
iM
D
i
(26)
One can determine the exactly momentary
dynamic efficiency of the mechanism, if one
takes in calculation the dynamic velocities (in
this case the speeds distribution is the same like
the forces distribution), see the relations (27-
29):
)]cos()sin(
)cos()[sin(sin
1232
32123
+
=
a
b
F
F
m
u
(27)
)]cos()sin(
)cos()[sin(sin
1232
32123
+
=
b
a
v
v
m
u
(28)
)]}(2sin[)](2sin[4
)(cos)(sin
)(cos)({sinsin
3212
22
12
2
32
2
32
2
12
2
3
2
++
++
+=
baba
D
i
(29)
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6. THE DYNAMIC KINEMATICS OF THE
MECHANISM
One can determine now the dynamic
velocity (30) and the dynamic acceleration ofthe piston (31):
)]cos()sin(
)cos()[sin(sin
1232
3212311
+
=
b
a
lvDin
D
(30)
1132122
3212
323212
12321232
32121232
1233212
321233
)]}sin()cos(
)sin()cos(
)()cos()cos(
)()sin()sin()(
)sin()sin()()cos(
)[cos(sin)]sin()cos(
)cos()[sin(cos{
+
++
++
+
+
+=
lb
aa
b
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
aDinD
&
&
(31)
7. DISCUTION
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 100 200 300 400
V(Din)/(l1.w)
V(Cin)/(l1.w)
n=5000[rot/min];l1=0.08;l2=0.3;l3=0.5;l0=0.15;e=0
Fig. 4. The kinematical and dynamic velocities
When the values of the constructive
parameters are different from the normal, the
dynamic speeds and the dynamic acceleration
of the piston (30-31), are not the same like the
classical kinematics values (8-11), see the
pictures number (4 and 5):
-200000
-150000
-100000
-50000
0
50000
0 100 200 300 400
aD(D)
aD(Cin)
n=5000[rot/min];l1=0.08;l2=0.3;l3=0.5;l0=0.15;e=0
Fig. 5. The kinematical and dynamic accelerations
8. CONCLUSION
Some mechanisms have the same parameters
for the classical and for the dynamic kinematics
(gears, cams with plate followers). At the
presented mechanism, the dynamic-kinematics
is different from the classical-kinematics, but, if
the constructive parameters are normal, the
dynamic velocities and accelerations practically
take the same values like the classical speeds
and accelerations.
9. REFERENCES
[1] Pelecudi, Chr., s.a. Mecanisme, E.D.P.,
Bucuresti, 1985.
[2] Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., An original
internal combustion engine, Proceedings of
9th International Symposium SYROM, Vol.
I, p. 135-140, Bucharest, 2005.
DESIGNUL MOTOARELOR MF1Rezumat:Lucrarea prezintun nou motor cu ardere internde tip Otto. Se prezintcinematica i randamentul nouluimotor cnd mecanismul principal lucreazn regim de compresor i de motor. Se determindeasemenea randamentuldynamic, viteza i acceleraia dinamic.
Florian Ion Petrescu, PhD. Eng. Assistant Professor at Polytechnic University of Bucharest, TMR
Department (Theory of Mechanisms and Robots Department), [email protected],
0214029632.
Relly Victoria Petrescu, PhD. Eng., Lecturer at Polytechnic University of Bucharest, GDGI
Department (Department of Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics),
[email protected], 0214029136.
