Mexican History A really brief summary. There are 3 major time periods in Mexico’s History Pre...
Transcript of Mexican History A really brief summary. There are 3 major time periods in Mexico’s History Pre...
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Mexican History
A really brief summary
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There are 3 major time periods in Mexico’s History
• Pre Colonial• Colonial• Post Colonial
• These time periods can be remembered using the Plaza de Tres Culturas (Plaza of three cultures) located in Mexico City
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Pre Colonial
• There were hundreds of native groups existing in Mexico prior to the Colonial period. 3 major pre-colonial time periods
• Pre-Classic 2000 b.c. to 300 b.c.
• Classic 300 b.c. to 900 a.d.
• Post-Classic Period 900 a.d. 1520 a.d.
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Pre-Classic 2000 b.c. to 300 b.c.
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OLMECS
• The Olmecs are known as the “Mother” Civilization of Mexico. Their Origin is unknown. Some scholars trace the Olmecs either to Africa or to China.
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Classic Period 300 b.c. to 900 a.d.
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MAYAS• The Mayas flourished from 600 to 900
A.D. • They were known for their advanced
culture which included:• Written Language, astronomy,
mathematics, a calendar, and other scientific advancements
• By 900 AD Mayan society had faded due to invasion and disease.
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Teotihuacán
• 100 a.d. to 900 a.d. • 30 miles N.E. of
Mexico City• Large cultural center• Built the huge
Pyramids of the Sun and the Moon
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Zapotecs
• 600 b.c. to 800 a.d.
• Monte Alban in Southern Mexico
• Flourished during the Classic Period
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Post-Classic Period 900 a.d. to 1520 a.d.
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Mixtecs
• 600 a.d. to 1500 a.d.
• Important influence in South Central Mexico
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Toltecs
• 900 a.d. to 1187 a.d. Powerful group at Tula.
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Aztecs
• The Aztecs were a warlike people who came to power from approximately 1300-1519 AD in Mexico. They conquered tribes and demanded tribute from them. Their major accomplishment was the establishment of Tenochtitlan(Mexico City)
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COLONIAL PERIOD• The Colonial Period began with the
arrival of Hernando Cortez in 1519. With a small force of less than 500 men, he conquered the Aztec Empire.
• He was helped by:• Disease• Aztec Enemies/siege
warfare/weapons• The Legend of Quetzacoatl
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Colonial Period
• The Spanish had three major influences in Mexico
• Religion
• Architecture
• Language
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Social Hierachy• Peninsulares—European
born inhabitants• Creoles-European blood—
born in the New World• Mestizos—Mixed
European/Native Blood• Indians
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Post Colonial•
• Independence from Spain• • Why? Mestizos/Indians had few rights, Creoles had disagreements with Spanish born-There was little change in power over time.
• • • 2. Something for nothing does not work.
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Father Miguel Hidalgo
• On Sept 16, 1810 called on the Mexicans to revolt against Spain.
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Father Jose Morelos
• Took Hidalgo’s place in leading the revolt.
• Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821.
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Mexico’s Instability• Spain took with them
finances/education. The challenge was to establish trade links/loans from other countries.
• U.S. Mexican War 1846-48—Dispute over Texas, the United States gains much of the Southwest part of the United States.
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French Intervention 1862-67• Napoleon III’s
forces invade Mexico and put Napoleon III’s nephew Maximilian in as ruler.
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Benito Juarez• Following the
removal of the French, Benito Juarez is elected president. Juarez was a full-blooded Indian.
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Porfiriato Period 1876-1910• Porfirio Diaz becomes
President of Mexico in 1876 an reigns as a virtual dictator until 1910. He provided economic stability, industrialization, and improved infrastructure.
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The Mexican Revolution• 1910-1920 Revolt
against Diaz
• Lower classes wanted land/civil rights
• Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa led peasants in revolt.
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• In 1936 Lazaro Cardenas became president and strengthened land reform.
• Ejidos—Land given to peasants by the government for farming/living purposes.
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Other Key Events of the 20th Century• 1968 Massacre near the Plaza of
three cultures.
• Late 1970’s oil boom in Mexico
• 1985 Earthquake—Showed PRI Party to be inadequate
• 1988 Presidential Election—Massive accusations of Fraud
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Other Key Events of the 20th Century• 1994 Chiapas Uprising—Anti
NAFTA revolt. Desire for more land reform among the poor.
• 2000 Presidential Election—Vicente Fox of the PAN party ends over 70 years of PRI rule.
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• Today the United States’ relationship with Mexico is somewhat complex.
• Immigration has and will continue to play a key role in the economic and political relationship between the two countries.