METSNTUTKIMUSLAITOS SKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTET FINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE 27th Session Joint...

27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005

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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi

Ján Ilavský

Finnish Forest Research Institute, Joensuu Research Centre

Yliopistokatu 6, 80101 Joensuu, FinlandTel.: +358 10 211 3296, e-mail: [email protected]

Energy Wood Potential of Forests

in the European Union


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Aim:estimation of energy wood potential in EU25, based on available statistics and reports reflecting the situation in late 1990’s - early 2000

Contract from VTT Processes:results utilised in BioFuture project: Impact of increased use of bioenergy in Europe on forest and energy industries


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Gross Inland Consumption

Country group Country All fuels Renewables Biomass % of

renewables Finland 33.2 7.6 84 Sweden 51.6 15.0 54 Nordics

Total 84.8 22.6 Estonia 5.0 0.5 100 Latvia 4.3 1.5 84 Lithuania 8.2 0.7 96

Baltics

Total 17.5 2.7 Austria 30.3 6.7 45 Czech Republic 41.0 0.7 74 Hungary 25.1 0.4 95 Poland 90.2 4.1 95 Slovakia 18.5 0.7 41

C-E Europe

Total 205.1 12.6 France 262.3 18.6 65 Germany 348.8 9.9 72 Luxembourg 3.8 0.1

C-W Europe

Total 614.9 28.6 Belgium 55.6 0.8 88 Denmark 19.9 2.2 82 Ireland 14.4 0.3 67 The Netherlands 77.6 1.6 94 United Kingdom 232.5 2.7 85

N-W Europe

Total 400.0 7.6 Portugal 24.2 3.4 62 Spain 126.3 8.3 50 Iberia

Total 150.5 11.7 Cyprus 2.4 0.04 3 Greece 28.9 1.3 77 Italy 176.6 13.5 46 Malta 0.9 - Slovenia 6.6 0.7 55

S & S-E Europe

Total 215.4 15.5 Grand total 1688.2 101.3

EU15•6% renewables•biomass 62% of the renewables

new member countries• 4.6% renewables•biomass 84% of the renewables

most of the biomass used for energy is wood


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Three parts of analysis:

3) Estimation of felling residues from forests available for wood supply

1) Estimation of roundwood balance on forest available for wood supply, i.e. estimation of unutilised roundwood potential that could be used for energy purposes, but also for manufacturing conventional products in the forest based industries or not harvested

• Roundwood balance calculated as a difference between net annual increment and fellings

2) Roundwood and conventional fuelwood production


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Methods• background data

– data for net annual increment (NAI), fellings, and balance between NAI and fellings from the UN-ECE/FAO Forest Resources Assessment 2000 report (national data adjusted to fit internationally agreed terms and definitions)

– data for Cyprus from 1980’s – early 1990’s, for the other countries from mid 1990’s

– Estimation of roundwood and fuelwood production based on the data from the Finnish Statistical Yearbooks 1999-2001 (FAOSTAT Forestry Data)


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NAI Fellings Roundwood balance

Coniferous species dominated forests 384.9 277.1 107.8

Broadleaved species dominated forests 190.7 112.2 78.5

Total 575.6 389.3 186.3

Results on roundwood balance

• fellings 68% of the NAI– 72% in conif.– 59% in broadl.

• roundwood balance 186 million m3/yr, i.e. unutilised increment 32% of the NAI

• more than 16% of the fellings used for energy production (industrial residues and recovered products)

•use of rounwood for energy purposes would depend on the prices of roundwood, wood-based products, energy


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• In relative terms, RB smallest in the Baltics (15%), largest in South & South-Eastern Europe (48%).

• Althogether 39% of the roundwood balance is in two countries, in Germany and France (72.5 mill. m3)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Nordics Baltics C-E-Europe

C-WEurope

N-WEurope

Iberia S & S-EEurope

Mill

ion

m3/

yr o

.b.

NAI

Fellings

Roundwood balance


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Roundwood production (RP)

• wood over bark harvested from forests and used for commercial wood processing and fuelwood purposes during a year

• 368 million m3 per year in late 1990s (15% higher in 2000 than in 1997)– Approximately 69% softwood– Relative proportion of softwood logs 63% and hardwood logs

52%– 62% in Sweden, Finland, Germany and France

• Conventional fuelwood production – 48,4 million m3 per year or – 13% of RP


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1. Residues from fellings of roundwood (branches, needles, tops, off cuts)

2. Potential residues from felling balance

3. Stumps and coarse roots

Main sources of felling residues:

Estimation of felling residues from fellings of forests available for wood supply


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Estimation of biomass components:

Roots estimation Roots estomation(Nordic and Baltic countries) (rest of Europe)

100%

100%

100%

21,9%

19,8%

22,4%

SPRUCE Group

PINE Group 8%

Tops

2%

17,7% 4,6% 2%

Decayed stem

8%

67,7%

19,1%

19,3%

Stem+stembark Branches Needles

55% 24% 11%

TOTAL

BROADLEAVED Group / 14,7%8,0%78,2% 12,1% 1,7%


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Theoretical forest fuel resources of EU25:logging residues + balance = 560 mill. m3 (+144%)

BIOMASSCOMPONENTS

BALANCE = NAI - FELLINGS

46

million m 3/y

STEM+STEMBARK 186.3

ROOTS 37.7

13,6

4,8

NEEDLES

TOPS

OFF CUTS 20,3

BRANCHES

BIOMASSCOMPONENTS

ROOTS 78

BRANCHES 93,9

9,7

NEEDLES

TOPS

28,8

OFF CUTS 40,8

LOGGING RESIDUES

million m 3/y

(STEM+STEMBARK) (389.3)

Results


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Theoretical forest fuel potential in EU25

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80m

illion

m3 /y

BALANCE - ROOTS

BALANCE - TOPS

BALANCE - NEEDLES

BALANCE - BRANCHES

BALANCE - DECAYED STEMS

BALANCE - STEMS

FELLING RESIDUES - ROOTS

FELLING RESIDUES - TOPS

FELLING RESIDUES - NEEDLES

FELLING RESIDUES - BRANCHES

FELLING RESIDUES - DECAYED STEMS


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1. On 75% of clearcut sites and on 45% of thinning sites, residues can be harvested

65% of residues from mechanized cutting are recoverable

50% of residues from manual cutting are recoverable

REDUCTION FACTORS:

Estimation of technically harvestable forest fuel potential

2. 20% of volume of roots from clearcuts are harvestable

3. 25% of volume of balance is harvestable(roots volume of balance is not taken under consideration)


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Volume of available forest fuels by country

Share of timber Share of Total felling AVAILABLE RESIDUES AVAILABLE RESIDUES FELLING RESIDUES

from clearcuts mechanization in residues OF FELLING OF BALANCE VOLUME OF ROOTS% cutting % (mill. m3 /y) (mill. m3 /y) (mill. m3 /y) AVAILABLE (mill. m3 /y)

Austria 18 % 30 % 10,1 2,9 2,7 0,2

Belgium 70 % 80 % 2,6 1,1 0,3 0,1

Cyprus

Czech Republic 83 % 10 % 8,9 3,2 1,5 0,5

Denmark 70 % 50 % 1,2 0,4 0,4 0,0

Estonia 73 % 55 % 1,6 0,6 0,0 0,1

Finland 79 % 97 % 26,7 11,4 6,3 1,8

France 76 % 40 % 22,6 8,6 10,2 1,6

Germany 5 % 35 % 23,4 6,0 13,9 0,1

Greece 6 % 0 %

Hungary 72 % 15 % 2,0 0,7 1,2 0,1

Ireland 82 % 95 % 1,3 0,6 0,4 0,1

Italy 20 % 2 % 2,9 0,7 3,1 0,1

Latvia 76 % 5 % 2,9 1,0 1,5 0,2

Lithuania 50 % 0 % 2,2 0,7 1,1 0,1

Luxembourg

Malta

The Netherlands 80 % 25 % 0,6 0,2 0,3 0,0

Poland 44 % 2,0% 12,5 3,6 2,9 0,6

Portugal 70 % 40 % 3,6 1,3 0,5 0,3

Slovakia 40,2% 0,7% 3,0 0,9 1,7 0,1

Slovenia 0 % 0,7% 1,1 0,3 1,3 0,0

Spain 70 % 30 % 4,4 1,6 5,7 0,3

Sw eden 70 % 98 % 35,2 15,0 6,9 2,2

United Kingdom 80 % 90 % 4,4 1,8 1,7 0,2

COUNTRY

TOTAL 173,2 62,6 63,5 9,0


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Volume of technically available forest fuels in EU25:71.6 mill. m3 from felling residues + 67.3 mill m3 from balance = 138.9 mill. m3

= approximately 25% of the theoretical potential 560 mill. m3

TOTAL AVAILABLE AVAILABLE VOLUME OF ROOTSFELLING RESIDUES SHARE AVAILABLE

RESIDUES OF FELLING OF BALANCE FROM FELLINGS(mill. m3 /y) (mill. m3 /y) (mill. m3 /y) (mill. m3 /y)

173,2 62,6 63,5 9,0above ground 36% of

residues25% of above ground balance

14% on top of above ground availablefelling residues


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Calculations only for four countries• available forest fuels at costs 10 €/MWh or 20€/m3

15 €/MWh or 30 €/m3

• available forest fuels from radius 100 km 200 km

Economically available


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New projects on biofuels resources, market and trade

• Forest Energy Resources, Energy Technology Market and Biofuel Trade in EU

Tekes Project 2004 - 20072 subprojects:

• Wood Energy Potencial in EU and Market for Energy Wood Harvesting Technology

• International Bioenergy TradeMethodology and detailed case studies in 3 – 5 countries

• Five European RES-heat pilotsEU EIE Project 2005 – 2007• Regions involved: North Karelia, Finland; Brandenburg, Germany;

Catalonia, Spain; Svencionys, Lithuania; Castelo de Vide, Portugal


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The whole study is available in PDFformat at:http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2004/mwp006.htm

Thank you for your attention

METSNTUTKIMUSLAITOS SKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTET FINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE 27th Session Joint...

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